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  • 1
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    An unusual mechanism of thymidylate biosynthesis in organisms containing the thyX gene (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: Biosynthesis of the DNA base thymine depends on activity of the enzyme thymidylate synthase to catalyse the methylation of the uracil moiety of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate. All known thymidylate synthases rely on an active site residue of the enzyme to activate 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate. This functionality has been demonstrated for classical thymidylate synthases, including human thymidylate synthase, and is instrumental in mechanism-based inhibition of these enzymes. Here we report an example of thymidylate biosynthesis that occurs without an enzymatic nucleophile. This unusual biosynthetic pathway occurs in organisms containing the thyX gene, which codes for a flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase (FDTS), and is present in several human pathogens. Our findings indicate that the putative active site nucleophile is not required for FDTS catalysis, and no alternative nucleophilic residues capable of serving this function can be identified. Instead, our findings suggest that a hydride equivalent (that is, a proton and two electrons) is transferred from the reduced flavin cofactor directly to the uracil ring, followed by an isomerization of the intermediate to form the product, 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate. These observations indicate a very different chemical cascade than that of classical thymidylate synthases or any other known biological methylation. The findings and chemical mechanism proposed here, together with available structural data, suggest that selective inhibition of FDTSs, with little effect on human thymine biosynthesis, should be feasible. Because several human pathogens depend on FDTS for DNA biosynthesis, its unique mechanism makes it an attractive target for antibiotic drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759699/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759699/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koehn, Eric M -- Fleischmann, Todd -- Conrad, John A -- Palfey, Bruce A -- Lesley, Scott A -- Mathews, Irimpan I -- Kohen, Amnon -- GM08270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065368/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065368-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM61087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54GM074898/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):919-23. doi: 10.1038/nature07973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Deuterium/metabolism ; Electrons ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/chemistry/metabolism ; Flavins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori/enzymology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Methylation ; Models, Molecular ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzymology ; Protons ; Thermotoga maritima/*enzymology/*metabolism ; Thymidine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Thymidine Monophosphate/*biosynthesis ; Thymidylate Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/*metabolism ; Uracil/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Influenza: accounting for prior immunity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCaw, James M -- McVernon, Jodie -- McBryde, Emma S -- Mathews, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1071; author reply 1072-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1071a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Immunity ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Sequence variants in SLITRK1 are associated with Tourette's syndrome (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a genetically influenced developmental neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic vocal and motor tics. We studied Slit and Trk-like 1 (SLITRK1) as a candidate gene on chromosome 13q31.1 because of its proximity to a de novo chromosomal inversion in a child with TS. Among 174 unrelated probands, we identified a frameshift mutation and two independent occurrences of the identical variant in the binding site for microRNA hsa-miR-189. These variants were absent from 3600 control chromosomes. SLITRK1 mRNA and hsa-miR-189 showed an overlapping expression pattern in brain regions previously implicated in TS. Wild-type SLITRK1, but not the frameshift mutant, enhanced dendritic growth in primary neuronal cultures. Collectively, these findings support the association of rare SLITRK1 sequence variants with TS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abelson, Jesse F -- Kwan, Kenneth Y -- O'Roak, Brian J -- Baek, Danielle Y -- Stillman, Althea A -- Morgan, Thomas M -- Mathews, Carol A -- Pauls, David L -- Rasin, Mladen-Roko -- Gunel, Murat -- Davis, Nicole R -- Ercan-Sencicek, A Gulhan -- Guez, Danielle H -- Spertus, John A -- Leckman, James F -- Dure, Leon S 4th -- Kurlan, Roger -- Singer, Harvey S -- Gilbert, Donald L -- Farhi, Anita -- Louvi, Angeliki -- Lifton, Richard P -- Sestan, Nenad -- State, Matthew W -- K23 RR16118/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054273/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS43520/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):317-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Dna ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Mice ; *Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tourette Syndrome/complications/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Exogenous induction of cerebral beta-amyloidogenesis is governed by agent and host (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Protein aggregation is an established pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease, but little is known about the initiation of this process in vivo. Intracerebral injection of dilute, amyloid-beta (Abeta)-containing brain extracts from humans with Alzheimer's disease or beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice induced cerebral beta-amyloidosis and associated pathology in APP transgenic mice in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The seeding activity of brain extracts was reduced or abolished by Abeta immunodepletion, protein denaturation, or by Abeta immunization of the host. The phenotype of the exogenously induced amyloidosis depended on both the host and the source of the agent, suggesting the existence of polymorphic Abeta strains with varying biological activities reminiscent of prion strains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer-Luehmann, Melanie -- Coomaraswamy, Janaky -- Bolmont, Tristan -- Kaeser, Stephan -- Schaefer, Claudia -- Kilger, Ellen -- Neuenschwander, Anton -- Abramowski, Dorothee -- Frey, Peter -- Jaton, Anneliese L -- Vigouret, Jean-Marie -- Paganetti, Paolo -- Walsh, Dominic M -- Mathews, Paul M -- Ghiso, Jorge -- Staufenbiel, Matthias -- Walker, Lary C -- Jucker, Mathias -- NS45357/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1781-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*administration & dosage/*analysis/chemistry/pharmacology ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Amyloidosis/*metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Brain Diseases/*metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Hippocampus/*chemistry/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Protein Denaturation ; Time Factors ; Tissue Extracts
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Differential targeting of Gbetagamma-subunit signaling with small molecules (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: G protein betagamma subunits have potential as a target for therapeutic treatment of a number of diseases. We performed virtual docking of a small-molecule library to a site on Gbetagamma subunits that mediates protein interactions. We hypothesized that differential targeting of this surface could allow for selective modulation of Gbetagamma subunit functions. Several compounds bound to Gbetagamma subunits with affinities from 0.1 to 60 muM and selectively modulated functional Gbetagamma-protein-protein interactions in vitro, chemotactic peptide signaling pathways in HL-60 leukocytes, and opioid receptor-dependent analgesia in vivo. These data demonstrate an approach for modulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling that may represent an important therapeutic strategy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonacci, Tabetha M -- Mathews, Jennifer L -- Yuan, Chujun -- Lehmann, David M -- Malik, Sundeep -- Wu, Dianqing -- Font, Jose L -- Bidlack, Jean M -- Smrcka, Alan V -- GM60286/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-T3207949/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL080706/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K05-DA00360/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA132317/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054597/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054597-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL080706/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL080706-10/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL080706-11/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32DA07232/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):443-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Computer Simulation ; Cyclohexanes/chemistry/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/chemistry/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits/chemistry/*metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Morphine/pharmacology ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phospholipase C beta ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; *Signal Transduction ; Software ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; Xanthenes/chemistry/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Science and law. Integrity in international stem cell research collaborations (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mathews, Debra J H -- Donovan, Peter -- Harris, John -- Lovell-Badge, Robin -- Savulescu, Julian -- Faden, Ruth -- MC_U117562207/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):921-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Phoebe R. Berman Bioethics Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dmathews@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/*ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Humans ; International Cooperation/legislation & jurisprudence ; Periodicals as Topic/ethics/standards ; *Public Policy ; Publishing/ethics/standards ; Research Subjects ; *Stem Cells
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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