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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • Humans  (8)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Space Transportation and Safety
  • 2005-2009  (10)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and free radical ring-opening polymerization of 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolaneThis research was supported in part by Grant No. DMR-77-28322 from the Polymer Program of the National Science Foundation. (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 1913-1920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The cyclic ketene acetal, 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (3), was shown to undergo free radical ring-opening polymerization to produce the polyester, poly[γ-(β-phenyl)butyrolactone]. The monomer 3 was synthesized by an acetal exchange reaction of chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal with styrene glycol in an 87% yield followed by dehydrochlorination of the resulting cis and trans-2-chloromethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (2) with potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butyl alcohol in a 70% yield. 3 was shown to undergo essentially quantitative free radical ring-opening at all temperatures from 60-150°C and also nearly complete regioselective ring-opening with cleavage to give the more highly stable secondary benzyl free radical. Even in free radical copolymerization with styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, or 4-vinylpyridine, 3 gives essentially complete ring opening to introduce an ester groups into the backbone of the addition copolymer. The structures of the polymers were established by elemental analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021830811
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of poly(vinylidene chloride) and of the carbons resulting from its pyrolysis (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 87-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper reports an electron microscopy study of the morphology of crystals of poly(vinylidene chloride) prepared under a variety of conditions and of the carbons resulting from the pyrolysis of the polymer. The structure of the polymer carbons prepared under conditions such that the polymer does not pass through a plastic phase is closely related to the morphology of the original polymer. The shapes of the crystals and of the crystal pseudomorphs are indexed in terms of the unit cell proposed by Narita and Okuda. Morphological studies of this kind are important in discussing the graphitizability of polymer carbons, their mechanical properties and pore structure, and the kinetics of the dehydrochlorination reaction.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160070107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of resistance to 2-deoxy-D-glucose in pig kidney cellsSupported by grants GM-06025 and GM-13692, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Variants resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose have been isolated from a clonal line of pig kidney cells by serial cultivation in the presence of inhibitor. Hexokinase activity may be affected directly in this system, since the oxidation of glucose to 6-phosphogluconate by extracts from sensitive and resistant cells is blocked by the addition of 2-deoxy-glucose to the reaction mixture. This blockage was removed by the addition of glucose-6-phosphate to the system, but not by ATP. Resistant cells were found to accumulate significantly less 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate than sensitive cells. The rate of phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose, however, was higher in extracts from the resistant line. Alkaline phosphatase does not account for the reduced level of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate since this enzyme is not detectable in sensitive or resistant pig kidney cells. Increased acid phosphatase activity was observed in resistant cells, but extracts with high acid phosphatase activity proved incapable of hydrolyzing either 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate or glucose-6-phosphate. In comparative growth studies, cells resistant to 2-deoxyglucose proliferated more extensively than sensitive cells in a low glucose nutrient. They removed glucose more effectively from this medium, and were less stimulated by the addition of intermediates from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The evidence suggests that resistance to 2-deoxyglucose in the cells under study may be based on the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate at concentrations of glucose too low to support the growth of sensitive cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040710105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling: Evidence for the participation of both cumulus cells and oocytes (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 6 (1982), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: oocyte maturation ; cumulus oophorus ; gonadotropins ; intercellular coupling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cumulus cells are metabolically coupled to oocytes via heterologous gap junctions. This coupling terminates near the time of ovulation, and the termination appears to be correlated with the mucification of the cumulus cells lying immediately adjacent to the oocytes. The first objective of this project was to determine whether follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) induction of cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling could occur independently of FSH-stimulated cumulus mucification (expansion). Intercellular coupling was measured as a percentage of radiolabeled choline (or its metabolites) that was incorporated into the oocyte relative to the total amount of radiolabel incorporated into the entire cumulus cell-oocyte complex. It was found that the complete suppression of FSH-stimulated cumulus expansion with chondroitin sulfate B had no suppressive effect on FSH-stimulated cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling. This finding showed that FSH-stimulated cumulus expansion was not required for cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling. Since 17β-estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone could not induce maximal cumulus cell uncoupling, it was concluded that the uncoupling-promoting action of FSH was probably not mediated by steroid hormones.A partial uncoupling of cumulus cells and oocytes was found when spontaneous oocyte maturation had occurred in the absence of FSH. This partial uncoupling was prevented by incubation of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes in concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) or 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine (IBMX) (0.25 and 0.10 mM respectively) that suppressed spontaneous oocyte maturation without inducing cumulus expansion. These inhibitors also prevented the maximal induction of uncoupling that would have been provoked by biological grade preparations of either FSH or luteinizing hormone (LH). It was concluded that two factors were required to bring about maximal cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling: one factor was dependent upon the action of gonadotropins on cumulus cell function, the other factor appeared to be a function of the oocytes, since maximal uncoupling could occur only after the germinal vesicles had broken down.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120060208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative NMR measurements in copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile: The effect of saturation and varying nuclear Overhauser enhancements (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 775-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) for 13C nuclei in copolymers of acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride were measured at 20.1 and 67.9 MHz. In the —CCl2— region of the spectrum T1 and NOE values of the various resonances are equal within experimental error and are invariant to changes in composition. The T1 and NOE values of the —CCl2— region, however, are not equal to those of the —CH— or —CN region. As a result compositions cannot be calculated by direct comparison of the areas in the —CCl2— region and either the —CH— or the —CN region. Discrepancies can be corrected for the —CH— resonances by multiplication of the area by an empirical constant. A similar constant for the —CN region is composition-dependent at 20.1 and 67.9 MHz. A chemical shift anisotropy mechanism is postulated as important for relaxation of the —CN resonances. The overall influence of variable T1 and NOE values on quantitative determination of polymer composition is considered.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200315
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of unsaturated spiro ortho esters with maleic acid derivatives (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 2935-2942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of charge-transfer (CT) complexes of unsaturated spiro ortho esters such as 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.4]nonane(I) and 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.6]undecane(II) with maleic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride (Manh), dimethyl maleate (DMM), and N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) was ascertained by ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The stoichiometries of these complexes were estimated as 1:1. The determination of their equilibrium constants (K) was attempted by using the Hanna-Ashbough equation with NMR spectroscopy. Although K values for I-DMM and II-DMM were specified as 0.266 and 0.336 L/mol, respectively, those for the other systems could not be obtained but were assumed to be negligible small (K ≪ 1). Copolymerization of these systems which was carried out without an initiator determined that spontaneous copolymerization occurs in all cases but that the copolymerization rates of I-DMM and II-DMM systems are slow. The systems in which Manh or DMM was used as an acceptor monomer gave the alternating copolymers at various monomer to feed ratios. The terpolymerizaton of the I-Manh-DMM system established that DMM takes little part in giving the alternating copolymers I and Manh. Consequently, it was assumed that the reactivity of the CT complex monomer is dependent on the contribution of the dative structure to CT complex.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170201019
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen doping of polyacetylene (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18 (1980), S. 447-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.130180608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of bicyclic ortho esters (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18 (1980), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.130180610
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinitiated ring-opening polymerization of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 21 (1983), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.130210510
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and radical ring-opening polymerization of 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4,4] nonane (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18 (1980), S. 25-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.130180106
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