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1

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A Dutch test with the NewProd-Model (1988)

Bronnenberg, J. J. A. M. ; Van Engelen, M. L.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

R & D management 18 (1988), S. 0

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ISSN: 1467-9310

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: The paper contains a report of a test of Cooper's NewProd model for predicting success and failure of product development projects. Based on Canadian data, the model has been shown to make predictions which are 84% correct. Having reservations on the reliability and validity of the model on theoretical grounds, we set out to test it using data collected in the Netherlands.Following Cooper's methodology, we selected 19 projects, which had already been marketed and of which 9 were clearcut successes and 10 clearcut failures. We also studied 9 additional projects, which had not yet been commercialised, as the basis for a future a priori test. The projects were given a product score according to Cooper's criteria, and predictions compared with the actual experience. Eightyfour percent were correctly classified, as in Cooper's work. From a practical point of view however the variance was too large to allow the predictions from NewProd to be used with confidence to predict outcomes unless they are clearcut.We believe that the drawback of the methodology is that the product score is a simple combination of the various factors involved. No allowance is made for the possibility that one factor alone might be responsible for failure. We have therefore introduced the concept of a threshold value for each factor. A project for which any factor falls below this value will be deemed a failure. Based on a very limited sample of 19 cases an improvement of reliability was made to 95% of 18 out of 19 products correctly classified. The NewProd concept so modified is being applied to the sample of 9 as yet uncompleted projects, and its predictions will eventually be compared with actual outcomes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00607.x

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2

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Informal contacts and performance in innovation teams (2005)

Kratzer, J. ; Leenders, Roger Th.A.J. ; Engelen, Jo M.L. Van

Bingley : Emerald

International journal of manpower 26 (2005), S. 513-528

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ISSN: 0143-7720

Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: Purpose - The paper addresses the effect friendly and friendship relationships among members of innovation teams on the performance of the teams. Design/methodology/approach - The members of innovation teams may develop friendly and friendship relationships over time. In our study, we focus on the effect of the frequency of such non-work relationships on team performance. For this research, we collected full network data on non-work relationships in a sample of 44 innovation teams and investigate how these "friendly and friendship networks" affect the performance of innovation teams. Findings - As result turns out that the frequency of friendly ties has positive as well as negative consequences on team performance, whereas the frequency of friendship ties positively relates to the performance. Research limitations/implications - The results indicate the importance of informal relations for the performance of innovation teams. Further, it is shown that friendly and friendship relations have different theoretical and practical implications. Future research can overcome the limitations of the presented research by concentrating on larger sample sizes and longitudinal research designs. Practical implications - Building on the results of the study managers can better orchestra innovation teams focussing not only on formal but also on informal contacts. The main practical implication is to strive for friendship contacts and to avoid too strong friendly contacts. Originality/value - The study adds knowledge to the research on informal relationships and performance two-fold. First, the findings testify that friendly and friendship contacts are different and not part of the same dimension, and there is strong evidence for the importance of informal contacts.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437720510625430

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Effect of petrochemical sludge concentrations on microbial communities during soil bioremediation (2005)

Panno, María T. ; Morelli, Irma S. ; Engelen, Bert ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

FEMS microbiology ecology 53 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1574-6941

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Qualitative and quantitative changes of microbial communities in soil microcosms during bioremediation were determined throughout one year. The soil was contaminated with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% (wt/wt) of petrochemical sludge containing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. We analyzed the hydrocarbon concentration in the microcosms, the number of cultivable bacteria using CFU and most probable number assays, the community structure using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and the metabolic activity of soil using dehydrogenase activity and substrate-induced respiration assays. After one year of treatment, the chemical analysis suggested that the hydrocarbon elimination process was over. The biological analysis, however, showed that the contaminated microcosms suffered under long-term disturbance. The number of heterotrophic bacteria that increased after sludge addition (up to 108–109 cells ml−1) has not returned to the level of the control soil (2–6 × 107 cells ml−1). The community structure in the contaminated soils differed considerably from that in the control. The substrate-induced respiration of the contaminated soils was significantly lower (10-fold) and the dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher (20–40-fold) compared to the control. Changes in the community structure of soils depended on the amount of added sludge. The species, which were predominant in the sludge community, could not be detected in the contaminated soils.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.01.014

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4

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Kristallstruktur sowie FIR- und Ramanspektren von GaCrSe3 (1988)

Lutz, H. D. ; Engelen, B. ; Fischer, M. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 566 (1988), S. 55-61

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ISSN: 0044-2313

Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure, F.I.R., and Raman Spectra of GaCrSe3The crystal structure of GaCrSe3 oP20 was determined by single crystal X-ray methods (final R = 1.6% for 949 observed reflections, I 〉 2σI). GaCrSe3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with Z = 4 (CuTaS3 type) and a = 1011.82(7), b = 373.45(3), and c = 1239.2(1) pm. The structure is built up on rectangular columns in [010] of edge shared GaSe4 tetrahedra and CrSe6 octahedra of the sequence (GaSe4)(CrSe6)2(GaSe4) in [101] and [101], respectively, which are connected via the corners in such a manner that channels in [010] of trigonal prismatic cavities are formed. The single crystals were grown by vapour phase transport method using I2 as transporting agent. The f.i.r. and Raman spectra of GaCrSe3 as well as a group theoretical treatment of the phonon modes are reported. In the ternary system Ga2Se3-Cr2Se3, monoclinic Ga1,3Cr0,7Se3 and hexagonal CrGa1,66Se4 (FeGaS4-type) have been established additionally to the orthorhombic GaCrSe3.

Notes: Die Kristallstruktur der bisher nicht beschriebenen Verbindung GaCrSe3oP20 wurde anhand von Einkristalldaten bestimmt (R = 1,6% für 949 beobachtete (I 〉 2σI) Reflexe). GaCrSe3 kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Pnma mit Z = 4 (CuTaS3-Typ) sowie a = 1011,82(7), b = 373,45(3) und c = 1239,2(1) pm. Der Struktur liegen rechteckige Säulen in [010] aus kantenverknüpften CrSe6-Oktaedern und GaSe4-Tetraedern der Folge (GaSe4)(CrSe6)2(GaSe4) in [101] bzw. [101] zugrunde, die über die Ecken der Oktaeder- und Tetraederbaueinheiten so verknüpft sind, daß in [010] angeordnete Kanäle mit trigonal-prismatischen Lücken gebildet werden. Die Darstellung von Einkristallen des GaCrSe3 erfolgte durch Gasphasen-transport mit Iod. Das FIR- und Ramanspektrum des GaCrSe3 sowie die Schwingungsabzählung der Gitterschwingungen dieses Strukturtyps werden mitgeteilt. Neben dem orthorhombischen GaCrSe3 existieren im System Ga2Se3-Cr2Se3 monoklines Ga1,3Cr0,7Se3 und hexagonales CrGa1,66Se4 (FeGa2S4-Typ).

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885660108

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5

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Neutronenbeugungsmessungen an SrBr2 · H2O und Srl2 · H2O, symmetrisch und asymmetrisch gebundene Kristallwasser-moleküle (1988)

Engelen, B. ; Kellersohn, Th. ; Kuske, P. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 566 (1988), S. 49-54

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ISSN: 0044-2313

Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Neutron Diffraction Studies of SrBr2 · H2O and SrI2 · H2O, Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Bonded Water MoleculesSingle crystal neutron diffraction studies were performed on the isostructural (space group Pnma) SrBr2 · H2O and SrI2 · H2O. Lengths and structure of the hydrogen bonds are correlated with Raman and IR spectroscopic data. The bifurcated and trifurcated H-bonds present are altogether significantly stronger than linear ones with similar H…Br and H…I distances, respectively. In the case of SrI2 · H2O, the H-bonds of the two hydrogen atoms of the water molecules exhibit equal strength (symmetric water molecule) as shown by the respective OH vibrational energies despite the different H…I distances. The water molecule of SrBr2 · H2O is asymmetrically bonded (different strength of the H-bonds).

Notes: An den isotypen Hydraten SrBr2 · H2O und SrI2 · H2O (Raumgruppe Pnma) wurden Einkristallneutronenbeugungsmessungen vorgenommen. Die Bindungslängen sowie die Anordnung der verzweigten Wasserstoffbrücken werden mit Raman- und IR-spektroskopischen Daten korreliert. Die zwei- bzw. dreifach verzweigten Wasserstoffbrücken sind insgesamt signifikant stärker als gleich lange lineare Brücken zu Br--und I--Ionen. Die von den beiden Wasserstoffatomen des SrI2 · H2O gebildeten H-Brücken sind, wie die entsprechenden OH-Schwingungsfrequenzen zeigen, trotz der unterschiedlichen H…I-Abstände gleich stark (H2O symmetrisch). Das Kristallwassermolekül des SrBr2 · H2O ist asymmetrisch gebunden (unterschiedlich starke H-Brücken).

Additional Material: 1 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885660107

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6

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Beiträge zur Chemie des Schwefels. 115. Kristall- und MolekülStruktur von BenzopentathiepinProfessor Günther Rienäcker gewidmet (1979)

Fehér, F. ; Engelen, B.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 452 (1979), S. 37-42

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ISSN: 0044-2313

Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Sulfur. 115. Crystal and Molecular Structure of BenzopentathiepineThe structure of benzopentathiepine has been determined from three-dimensional single-crystal X-ray data. The crystal are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with 4 molecules in the unit cell of dimensions a = 6.942(4) Å, b = 10.223(10) Å, c = 13.015(8) Å, β = 102,15(10)°. The conformation of the seven-membered ring is the chair form. Details of the conformation are discussed. Bond distances, bond angles, and dihedral angles are compared with those in other molecules, which have similar structure.

Notes: Die Struktur von Benzopentathiepin wurde aus Einkristalldaten röntgenographisch bestimmt. Die Kristalle sind monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/c, mit 4 Molekeln in der Elementarzelle. Die Gitterkonstanten sind: a = 6,942(4) Å, b = 10,223(10) Å, c = 13,015(8) Å, β = 102,15(10)°. Der siebengliedrige Ring liegt in der Sesselkonformation vor. Einzelheiten der Konformation werden diskutiert. Bindungslängen und -winkel sowie die Diederwinkel werden mit denen anderer Molekeln ähnlicher Struktur verglichen.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19794520106

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Zur Kenntnis der Hydrate des Bariumchlorids. Röntgenographische, thermoanalytische, Raman- und IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen (1979)

Lutz, H. D. ; Becker, W. ; Mertins, Ch. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 457 (1979), S. 84-90

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ISSN: 0044-2313

Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Hydrates of Barium Chloride. X-ray, Thermoanalytical, Raman, and I.R. DataIn the system BaCl2—H2O the hydrates BaCl2 · 2 H2O, BaCl2 · 1 H2O, BaCl2 · 1/2 H2O, and BaCl2 · uH2O were obtained. X-ray powder data, i.r. and Raman spectra, as well as thermoanalytical measurements (TG, DTA) are reported. BaCl2 · 1 H2O and BaCl2 · 1/2 H2O, which are both isotype with the corresponding hydrates of SrCl2, were prepared by dehydration of BaCl2 · 2 H2O or by back hydration of anhydrous BaCl2 with the calculated amounts of water. BaCl2 · uH2O (u ≍ 1) is formed as the primary product by the reaction of anhydrous BaCl2 with water vapour at room temperature. Preparation methods of salt hydrates by controlled back hydration of the anhydrous salts are reported.

Notes: Im System BaCl2—H2O wurden folgende Hydrate erhalten: BaCl2 · 2 H2O, BaCl2 · 1 H2O, BaCl2 · 1/2 H2O und BaCl2 · uH2O. Röntgenpulverdaten, IR- und Raman-Spektren sowie das Ergebnis thermoanalytischer Messungen (TG, DTA) werden mitgeteilt. BaCl2 · 1 H2O und BaCl2 · 1/2 H2O, die mit den entsprechenden Hydraten des SrCl2 isotyp sind, werden beim Entwässern von BaCl2 · 2 H2O oder durch Umsetzen von wasserfreiem BaCl2 mit der berechneten Menge Wasser erhalten. BaCl2 · uH2O (u ≍ 1) bildet sich als primäres Reaktionsprodukt bei der Umsetzung von wasserfreiem BaCl2 mit Wasserdampf bei Raumtemperatur. Die Darstellung phasenreiner niederer Salzhydrate durch kontrollierte Rückbewässerung der wasserfreien Salze wird beschrieben.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19794570109

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