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  • Articles  (67)
  • lipid peroxidation  (34)
  • Nitrogen  (33)
  • Springer  (67)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (48)
  • 1980-1984  (19)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term tillage and rotation effects on soil microbial biomass, carbon and nitrogen (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Tillage ; Rotation ; Carbon ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three mollisols, typical of the Palouse winter wheat region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho, were analyzed for microbial biomass, total C and total N after 10 years of combined tillage and rotation treatments. Treatments included till, no-till and three different cereal-legume rotations. All crop phases in each rotation were sampled in the same year. Microbial biomass was monitored from April to October, using a respiratory-response method. Microbial biomass, total C and total N were highest under no-till surface soils (0–5 cm), with minimal differences for tillage or depth below 5 cm. Microbial biomass differences among rotations were not large, owing to the relative homogeneity of the treatments. A rotation with two legume crops had the highest total C and N. Microbial biomass was significantly higher in no-till surface soils where the current crop had been preceded by a high-residue crop. The opposite was true for the tilled plots. There was little change in microbial biomass over the seasons until October, when fresh crop residues and rains had a strong stimulatory effect. The seasonal pattern of biomass in no-till surface soils reflected the dry summer/winter rainfall climate of the region. The results of this study show that numerous factors affect soil microbial biomass and that cropping history and seasonal changes must be taken into account when microbial biomass data are compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256912
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo effects of immunostimulating lipopeptides on mouse liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and on paracetamol-induced toxicity (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 882-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Lipopeptides ; immunomodulation ; cytochrome P-450 ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunomodulating lipopeptides lauroyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-LL-A2pmNH2-Gly (RP 44.102) and lauroyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-LL-A2pmNH2 (RP 56.142) were found to protect mice against the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which is due to cytochrome P-450 dependent formation of toxic metabolites and radicals. In fact they decreased the amount of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, and the level of CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation. In contrast lauroyl-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DD-A2pmNH2 (RP 53.204), which only differs by the configuration of the two chiral carbons of A2pm (diaminopimelic acid) and is not an immunomodulating agent, failed to protect against poisoning by paracetamol and had no effect on the level of hepatic cytochrome P-450 or the microsomal CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation. This provides a clear connection between the immunostimulating properties of a compound and its effects on xenobiotic biotransformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954064
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mistletoes: a hypothesis concerning morphological and chemical avoidance of herbivory (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 234-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Mimicry ; Nitrogen ; Herbivory ; Mistletoe ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leaves from many misletoe species in Australia strongly resemble those of their hosts. This cryptic mimicry has been hypothesized to be a means of reducing the likelihood of mistletoe herbivory by vertebrates. Leaf Kjeldahl nitrogen contents (a measure of reduced nitrogen and thus amines, amino acids and protein levels) of mistletoes and their hosts were measured on 48 mimetic and nonmimetic host-parasite pairs to evaluate hypotheses concerning the significance of crysis versus noncrypsis. The hypothesis that mistletoes mimicking host leaves should have higher leaf nitrogen levels than their hosts is supported; they may be gaining a selective advantage through crypsis (reduced herbivory). The second hypothesis that mistletoes which do not mimic their hosts should have lower leaf nitrogen levels than their hosts is also supported; they may be gaining a selective advantage through noncrypsis (reduced herbivory resulting from visual advertisement of their reduced nutritional status).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379245
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen contribution to wetland rice by green manuring with Sesbania spp. in an alkaline soil (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 22-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Green manure ; Sesbania sp. ; Wetland rice ; Oryza sativa L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two annual species of Sesbania, S. aculeata and Sesbania sp. PL Se-17, were field evaluated as green manure for wetland rice in an alkaline soil. The two species were raised as a catch crop during summer in a wheat-rice rotation, and added as 24.7 and 20.8 t ha−1 of green matter, 116 and 98 kg N ha−1, respectively, after 45 days of growth. For the optimum green manuring effect on rice grain yield and N uptake, S. aculeata required 5 days of decomposition (after turning in and before rice transplantation), whereas no decomposition period was necessary for Sesbania sp. PL Se-17. The effect on grain yield and N uptake of rice was equivalent to an application of 122 and 78 kg ha−1 of chemical N, for the two species, respectively. There was no residual effect of the green manuring on the soil N status after rice harvest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257915
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review and simplification of calculations in15N tracer studies (1989)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 20 (1989), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; nitrogen isotopes ; fertilizers ; 15N balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Calculations in nitrogen (N) balance research using15N involve several steps that require care to avoid errors. The objective of this paper is to provide examples of these calculations using established procedures and to present shortened alternative calculations that give the same result. The calculations examined include determination of the amount of N to apply, determination of the atom %15N abundance needed in the labeled fertilizer, preparation of the labeled fertilizer, and calculation of the fertilizer N recovered. Calculations needed in the preparation of the labeled fertilizer using established procedures include the determination of the mean atomic weight of the enriched source from which the labeled fertilizer is prepared. This determination is not needed in the shortened alternative calculations, because the procedure places the calculations on a mole basis rather than a mass basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055396
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic ethanol treatment on peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in rat liver and heart (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 580-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ethanol ; peroxisomes ; lipid peroxidation ; alcoholic cardiomyopathy ; rat liver ; rat heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronic ethanol administration was shown to increase catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase activities in rat myocardium but did not alter the activity of liver peroxisomal enzymes. As a result of alcohol consumption a 2–3-fold increase in the level of lipid peroxidation was observed in the heart tissue while in the liver the induction was much less pronounced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143593
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of shoot growth stage of Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris on the growth and survival of Panolis flammea larvae (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Panolis flammea ; Pinus ; Phenological coincidence ; Nitrogen ; Tannins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Young Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae were unable to survive on the mature (one-year old) needles of Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris. Larval growth and survival on the current year's shoots of the 2 pine host plants first incresed, and then decreased as pine shoot development progressed, the effect on survival being more marked at 10° C that 18° C. The survival of larvae on lodgepole pine on field-grown plants transferred to 10° C rose from 26% in March to 87% in mid May, and rose from 3% to 82% on Scots pine in the same period. Larval survival exceeded 70% for about 8 weeks on lodgepole pine and about 6 weeks on Scots pine, this period starting and ending earlier on lodgepole than on Scots pine. The nitrogen, water and phosphorus contents of both pines were at a maximum in May and decline gradually thereafter; the soluble tannin content showed a more complex pattern. These results are discussed in relation to the possible importance of phenological coincidence on the population dynamics of P. flammea with emphasis on its greater abundance on lodgepole pine in Scotland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377575
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The performance of the pine beauty moth on water-stressed lodgepole pine plants: a laboratory experiment (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 578-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Panolis flammea ; Pinus contorta ; Plant-herbivore-interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A laboratory experiment was done to see whether artificially induced waterlogging, or water shortage in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) would affect the egg laying preference, larval survival and larval growth of Panolis flammea. Female moths showed no egg laying preference between unstressed and stressed plants. Larval survival was greater on unstressed (85%) than on stressed (32%) plants, and the weight of larvae reared on unstressed plants was significantly greater than those reared on stressed plants. These results imply that outbreaks of the pine beauty moth on trees growing in deep unflushed peat are not caused by a stress-induced improvement in the nutritional quality of the host-plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379907
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chemical composition of pine foliage in relation to the population dynamics of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, in Scotland (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Panolis flammea ; Pinus ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Tannins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper reports part of a study to determine why damaging outbreaks of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea (D & S) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Scotland are frequent on lodgepole pine but do not occur on Scots pine, and why outbreaks on lodgepole pine are mainly confined to trees growing in deep unflushed peat. The elongation of shoots and the growth of needles of Scots pine occurred later in the season than did those of lodgepole pine. The foliage of Scots pine generally had a higher level of nitrogen, and consistently had a higher level of phosporus, but had a consistently lower level of tannins than that of lodgepole pine during the period when the larvae were feeding each year. The nitrogen content of the foliage of lodgepole pine growing in an iron pan soil was generally higher than that of lodgepole pine growing in deep peat during the same period but there were no general differences in the phosphorus or tannin contents of lodgepole pine in the 2 soil types. These findings suggest that Scots pine is a more suitable host plant than lodgepole pine and that the foliage of lodgepole pine growing in deep peat is not more suitable than lodgepole pine growing in an iron pan soil. On the basis of the chemical analyses used in this study, it is concluded that the abundance of pine beauty moth in Scotland is not strongly influenced by the nutritional suitability of its host plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377163
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of experimental design and nitrogen on cabbage butterfly oviposition (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 80 (1989), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Pieris rapae ; Nitrogen ; Brassica ; Insect-plant interactions ; Nutritional ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To test the prediction that P. rapae egg densities increase with N fertilizer in large-scale systems as they do in model systems with potted plants, we used field experiments with Brassica oleracea var. acephala L. (collards and kale) planted in pots or large field plots, and treated with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. In small-scale field experiments with potted kale and collards, egg densities were significantly higher on plants with high N than those with low N. But in larger scale experiments with field-grown collards, average seasonal P. rapae egg densities were not significantly correlated with leaf N content. These differences among experiments did not depend on the magnitude of the difference in foliage N levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380153
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