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  • oxidation
  • Springer  (23)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of Ni-70 wt.%Cr in oxygen between 1073 and 1473°K (1980)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 14 (1980), S. 263-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Ni-Cr alloys ; two-phase alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation of the relatively simple, two-phase alloy Ni-70 wt.%Cr in oxygen between 1073 and 1473°K results in the formation of a Cr2O3 scale containing less than O.5 wt.% Ni in solid solution. The oxidation kinetics are irreproducible for an initial period, which is brief at 1073 and 1273°K but much more pronounced at 1473°K, both in duration and degree. This behavior is associated with the failure of the protective Cr2O3 scale. However, after longer periods a compact layer of Cr2O3 becomes established under isothermal conditions and results in a change to more reproducible kinetics, especially at 1073 and 1273°K. Oxidation causes chromium depletion and the formation of a single-phase zone which separates the scale and the two-phase bulk alloy. The depth of Cr2O3 internal oxide coincides with this zone. The oxidation behavior is compared with that of more Ni-rich, single-phase Ni-Cr alloys, with particular reference to the effects of the constitution of the underlying alloy and the integrity of the protective oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00604568
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of nickel-manganese alloys in the temperature range 873–1273 K (1982)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 18 (1982), S. 295-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Nickel-manganese alloys ; oxidation ; solid solution scales ; internal oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ni-Mn alloys containing up to 38% Mn have been oxidized in pure oxygen between 873 and 1273 K and the parabolic rate constants measured. The scale morphologies and oxide compositions are interpreted in terms of modifications to the scale on pure Mn caused by the presence of Ni. The scales are composed predominantly of two layers at all temperatures, giving the sequences of phases alloy/cubic monoxide (Ni, Mn)O/ternary spinel, with the cubic (Ni, Mn)O layer always having the greater thickness. There is limited evidence for a third, very thin, outer layer in the scales on all alloys at 873 K and for Ni-38%Mn at 1073 K, which is tentatively considered to be Mn2O3, giving layers in the order alloy/cubic monoxide/ternary spinel/Mn2O3, by analogy with the scale formed on pure Mn. The distribution of the alloy components in the scale is discussed in relation to the Ni-Mn-O phase diagram and in terms of recent theoretical treatments of solid solution scale formation on binary alloys, as far as the available diffusion data allow. The occurrence of internal and intergranular oxidation and the formation of a Mn-depleted zone coincident with the band of uniform internal oxide are considered briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656573
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Y2O3 dispersoids in 80Ni-20Cr alloy on the early stages of oxidation at low-oxygen potential (1986)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 25 (1986), S. 29-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; Y2O3 ; dispersoid ; 80Ni-20Cr ; nucleation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of a 80Ni-20Cr type alloy, with and without Y2O3 dispersoid particles, were oxidized at 1000°C in H2/H2O mixtures where the partial pressure of oxygen (P O 2) was varied between 103 and 1024 atm. Oxide particles nucleated homogeneously on both alloys, and preferential nucleation on dispersoid particles at the surface was not observed. Continuous Cr2O3 films formed slightly faster at aP O 2 of 10−21 atm on the alloy containing the dispersoid, but the difference was negligible at higher pressures. Oxidation atP O 2=10-19 and 10−21 atm involved both the formation of Cr2O3 and the evaporation of chromium. Thin films of α-Al2O3 were observed on both alloys after oxidation atP O 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807995
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal effects on debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotyping (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 441-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine ; oxidation ; diurnal variation ; metabolic ratio ; oxidative phenotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was performed to show whether debrisoquine phenotyping could be performed as an overnight procedure. Phenotyping of 33 normal volunteers was carried out during the day and night. A good correlation was observed between the day-and night-time metabolic ratios, although wide variation was observed in 3 subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561381
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic oxidation of methaqualone in extensive and poor metabolisers of debrisoquine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: methaqualone ; debrisoquine ; pharmacogenetics ; metabolism ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The metabolism of methaqualone to the glucuronides of 5 C-monohydroxy metabolites and to the N-oxide has been studied in 2 groups of healthy young adults phenotyped as extensive and poor metabolisers of debrisoquine. No significant interphenotype differences were observed with respect to the excretion of any of the 6 metabolites. It is probable that the genetic regulation of the pathways leading to these metabolites is at a locus other than that which is responsible for the regulation of the oxidation of debrisoquine, guanoxan, phenacetin, phenytoin and sparteine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545969
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of water vapor and oxygen with liquid uranium (1987)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 28 (1987), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Uranium ; corrosion ; oxidation ; liquid metal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The reactions of water vapor and oxygen with liquid uranium were studied by modulated molecular-beam mass spectrometric methods. Equivalent pressures of the reactant fluxes on the surface ranged from 6×10 −6 to 2×10−4 torr. Temperatures up to 1570 K were investigated. The metal surface was kept clean during reaction by mechanical removal of the oxide formed with a tungsten needle. For the clean liquid uranium surface, a water reaction probability of ∼0.4 was deduced both from measurement of the reaction-product hydrogen signal and by the temperature dependence of the scattered reactant signal. Based solely on the latter measure, a reaction probability of 0.6 was estimated for oxygen. The reaction probabilities on the clean surface were temperatureindependent. They decreased as the coverage of the surface by islands of oxide increased and, for water, appeared to approach a value of 0.08 for a surface completely covered with an oxide estimated to be 500 Å thick. Bombardment of the surface during reaction with argon ions produced an increase in the reactivity on solid uranium but had a negligible effect on the reaction probability for the liquid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr alloys containing HFO2-dispersed phase (1981)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 15 (1981), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; dispersoids ; scale adherence ; ferritic alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The present investigation examines the high-temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr ferritic alloys containing 1.0% Hf which has been convened into an oxide dispersion. The oxide dispersions were produced by an internal oxidation treatment using a 50-50 Cr-Cr2O3 powder mixture in a sealed quartz capsule at 1100°C: the samples were not in direct contact with the powders. The effect of the dispersed oxide was spectacular under isothermal oxidation conditions, but it had almost no effect during thermal cycling conditions. Unlike the TiO2-containing Fe-Cr ferritic alloys, virtually no particle coarsening was observed. The absence of the coarse particles caused poor thermal cycling behavior, whereas in TiO2-containing ferritic alloys, coarse particles acted as oxide pegs giving a keying-on effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058830
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of Fe-C alloys in the temperature range 600–850°C (1981)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 16 (1981), S. 339-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Iron-carbon ; oxidation ; decarburization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of Fe-C alloys in the temperature range 600–850°C has been studied. CO 2 evolved during oxidation was measured using an infrared gas analyzer. The presence of C lowers the oxidation rate relative to that of pure Fe and this has been related to the rejection of carbon at the alloy-scale interface causing poor contact between scale and alloy. As a result, the scale contains a higher proportion of magnetite, which reduces its overall growth rate. Very little carbon is lost to the atmosphere. The ease with which the rejected carbon is incorporated into the alloy depends on the alloy structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611348
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature oxidation of metals under time-dependent gas pressure (1986)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 26 (1986), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; metals ; high temperatures ; oxidation theory ; oxidation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical study on the high-temperature oxidation of thick oxide films grown under a time-dependent gas partial pressure is reported. The diffusion across the film is assumed to be the rate-limiting step of the overall reaction, and Wagner's hypotheses were used as the starting point for our reasoning. A general formulation for the oxidation under no time constant gas pressure, in terms of a time-dependent answer function is given. The effect of an external electric field on the reaction rate is also reported when a constant current density,J, is applied to the oxide scale. If the oxide is a good electronic conductor atJ=0 andt ≫ τ, we found that the reaction rate assumes formally the well-known Wagner's expression of the rate constant but with a gas partial pressure at oxide/gas interface which is a time function. If the oxide is a good ionic or electronic conductor, the effect due to an external electric field,J ≠ 0, on the reaction rate is the same as predicted by the Wagner's theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00659338
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the reasons for the effects of dispersions of stable oxides and additions of reactive elements on the adhesion and growth-mechanisms of chromia and alumina scales-the “sulfur effect” (1987)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 27 (1987), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; adhesion ; growth-mechanisms ; impurities ; sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The “sulfur effect” theory proposes that elements such as sulfur segregate to the scale-metal interface, where they have a deleterious effect on scale-metal adhesion, and that reactive elements and dispersions of their oxides are beneficial because they prevent this segregation. Evidence in favor of this theory has been obtained by showing that the adhesion of the scale formed on chromium in 0.1 atm. oxygen at 950°C. is greatly improved if the chromium is annealed beforehand in hydrogen instead of in vacuo. It is shown that the theory can explain not only all the experimental observations regarding the beneficial effects of reactive elements and their oxides on scale-metal adhesion, but also their effects on scale growth-mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656731
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