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  • 1
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    Session 21 Tree physiology (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-3134
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-8264
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization by phase transfer catalysis (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 28 (1992), S. 645-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polycarbonates, polythiocarbonates, and polyesters from 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(4′-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-indanol were synthesized using phase transfer conditions. THe effects of several catalysts and reactions times were evaluated by the yields and inherent viscosities. Phase transfer catalysis was not an efficient technique due to the rigid structure of the diphenol with the indanic group. The results were compared with that obtained with a diphenol having the same number of carbon atoms but forming an aliphatic side chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295967
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic moulds in nuts and sunflower seeds for human consumption (1991)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 115 (1991), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Moulds ; mycotoxins ; nuts ; sunflower seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A survey was carried out to obtain data on the occurrence of mycotoxins and the mycotoxin-producing potential of fungi isolated from nuts (almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts, pistachio nuts) and sunflower seeds in Spain. Thin-layer chromatography was used to separate the toxins. Aflatoxins were detected in one sample of almonds (95 ppb aflatoxin B1 and 15 ppb aflaxtoxin B2) and in one sample of peanuts at a level below 10 ppb of aflatoxin B1. 100% of samples showed variable incidence of fungal contamination. The predominant fungi present in samples were Penicillium spp, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. glaucus and Rhizopus spp. The results showed that isolates of different species were able to produce aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, patulin, citrinin, penicillic acid, zearalenone, and griseofulvin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436800
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the incubation conditions on the production of patulin by Penicillium griseofulvum isolated from wheat (1991)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 115 (1991), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Penicillium griseofulvum ; patulin ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-four wheat samples from Spanish flour factories were screened for patulin and patulin-producing moulds. None of them was found to contain any patulin, whereas samples experimentally contaminated with this toxin proved it to be highly unstable. On the other hand, Penicillium griseofulvum was the only in vitro patulin-producing species found (19 samples). Mould growth in the samples was investigated by using yeast-sucrose medium (YES) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the amounts of toxin produced during 40 day's incubation at 20 and 28°C. The highest yield rate of patulin was obtained between the 20th and 30th day of incubation; such a rate, however, was very low throughout the vigorous growth phase, during the first 20 days of incubation. The more appropriate temperature for incubation and patulin production was 28 °C. We also investigated the influence of other incubation conditions in the yield and found stationary dark cultures to be more efficient that shaken or fermentation cultures in YES medium. The best patulin yield achieved was 11.9 mg in the culture broth and 6.3 mg in the mycelium from 100 ml of medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00462220
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioproduction of an extract from Penicillium funiculosum Thom with activity against Ceratitis capitata and Tetranychus urticae (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 615-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The bioproduction conditions of a crude extract from a strain of Penicillium funiculosum Thom, which shows activity against Ceratitis capitata and Tetranychus urticae, have been optimized. The efficacy degree was 95% (C. capitata) and 100% (T. urticae), according to Abbot. This is the first report on the pesticide activity of an extract from P. funiculosum against these species. The best yields were obtained when P. funiculosum was grown in Raulin-Thom medium at pH 6.5 with sucrose candy as the carbon source and ammonium sulphate and phosphate as the nitrogen source. Other favourable conditions were static cultures, at 28°C, and in the dark.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205062
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of calcium, manganese and lithium on growth and cardenolide content in cell suspension cultures of Digitalis thapsi L. (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 394-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell suspension cultures of Digitalis thapsi were grown in Murashige and Skoog medium under continuous light. The effects of the absence of CaCl2, elevation of the MnSO4 concentration from 0.1 mM to 5 mM or the addition of 100 μM LiCl on their growth and digoxin production were investigated. The elimination of calcium reduced growth and viability of cultures but promoted digoxin formation. An increase of the MnSO4 concentration or the addition of LiCl resulted in higher digoxin content. Under such conditions growth was not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic patterns of rye B chromosomes. II. The effect of the standard B chromosomes on the pairing of the A set (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rye ; B chromosomes ; Synapsis ; Interlocking ; Non-homologous pairing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to elucidate the possible effects of rye B chromosomes (Bs) on synapsis and metaphase-I associations of the A set, a comparative study between pachytene and metaphase-I-cells of rye plants carrying different numbers of Bs (0–8) has been carried out. The number of Bs was found to be positively correlated with the frequency of synaptic irregularities of the A set, i.e. multivalents and foldback pairing, and with the frequency of pachytene interlockings. It is proposed that interlockings are the origin of these irregularities because both appeared in close proximity in many nuclei. Examples of A-B pairing are described. The frequency of synaptic abnormalities seems to be unrelated to the mean of A chromosome-bound arms at metaphase I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223737
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic Mössbauer study of YBa2Cu3−x Fe x Oδ and PrBa2Cu3−x Fe x Oδ as a function of temperature (1991)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 66 (1991), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the similitudes and differences between YBa2Cu3−x Fe x Oδ and PrBa2Cu3−x Fe x Oδ systems, using Mössbauer spectroscopy. Both systems, withz=0.04, were studied at several temperatures. The spectra of PrBa2Cu3−x Fe x Oδ showed four asymmetric quadrupole doublets with apparently different line widths, which were fitted with four symmetric superimposed quadrupole doublets with the same line width, but assuming a small (∼4–6 kOe) residual magnetic field in the Fe sites, which are mainly the Cu(1) sites of the 1–2–3 structure. On the other hand, the PrBa2Cu3−x Fe x Oδ spectra showed only three asymmetric quadrupole doublets which can be fitted with three superimposed symmetric doublets and a residual magnetic field. In this case, the Fe atoms also occupy the Cu(1) sites of the 1–2–3 structure. The temperature variations of the Mössbauer spectra and their parameters seem to indicate that, in the Pr-system, a structural change takes place between 12 K and 40 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395896
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological comparison between gametophytes and tetrasporophytes of Gelidium canariensis (Gelidiaceae: Rhodophyta) (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 260-261 (1993), S. 445-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Calorific content ; enzyme activity ; gametophytes ; Gelidium canariensis ; photosynthesis ; respiration ; tetrasporophytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The physiological performances of tetrasporophytes and gametophytes of Gelidium canariensis (Grunow) Seoane-Camba were compared to estimate whether the field predominance of tetrasporophytes is due to lower fitness of gametophytes. No significant differences between tetrasporophytes and gametophytes were detected for calorific content, protein and pigment concentrations, NADH-Diaphorase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and photosynthesis and respiration at 15, 20 and 25 °C, and pH 6.5, 8.2 and 9.2. Our results indicate that these physiological characteristics are not responsible for the scarcity of gametophytes in the field populations of G. canariensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049054
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic patterns of rye B chromosomes. I: The standard type (1993)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 1 (1993), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: B-chromosomes ; meiosis ; rye ; synapsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome pairing of standard B chromosomes (Bs) in rye has been studied by synaptonemal complex surface spreading of pollen mother cells containing from one to eight Bs. The main characteristics exhibited by the Bs are: (i) They are often located peripherally in surface spread nuclei and do not show presynaptic alignment. (ii) The period of pairing is delayed relative to that of the A set. (iii) Bs undergo extensive non-homol-ogous pairing at pachytene. (iv) The frequency of trivalents and quadrivalents in plants with 3Bs and 4Bs is about 66% following the expectations on the basis of random pairing among the short and the long arms with a single distal pairing initiation site per arm. Some quadrivalents containing two partner switches were observed, but on the same basis of randomness there was a deficiency of pachytene multivalents in plants with 5–8 Bs. The possible causes of the discrepancy between these observations are discussed. (v) There is a reduction in the frequency of multivalents between pachytene and metaphase I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710768
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