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  • Immunocytochemistry  (5)
  • gamma scintigraphy  (4)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (9)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Oxford University Press
Years
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Photoreceptor cells ; Rhodopsin ; Membrane recycling ; Cherax destructor (Crustacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of the ultrastructure of retinula cells of the Australian crayfish Cherax destructor at different times over a 24-hour cycle, together with patterns of anti-rhodopsin antigenicity, has lead to the formulation of a model of photoreceptor membrane turnover in these animals. Its main features are: (a) the existence of two bursts of rhabdomeral membrane breakdown; one, light-sensitive and synchronous, occurring at dawn, the other, constituting the first part of the membrane replacement phase itself, occurring during the afternoon and night, (b) the desynchronisation of the replacement phase of turnover between animals and to a lesser extent between cells of the same retina, (c) confinement of ultrastructurally detectable signs of photoreceptor membrane processing to the retinula cells themselves, and (d) replacement of a substantial part if not all of the rhabdomeral membrane daily. This model is compatible with many of the observations reported on the American crayfish Procambarus, and utilises the same basic mechanisms that are believed to operate in photoreceptor membrane turnover in many other arthropod compound eyes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 69-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Vasopressin ; Diuresis ; Neurohemal organ ; Evolution ; Nauphoeta cinerea ; Aedes aegypti ; Acheta domesticus ; Schistocerca americana (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antisera were raised against leucokinin IV, a member of the leucokinin peptide family. Immunohistochemical localization of leucokinin immunoreactivity in the brain of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea revealed neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis and pars lateralis, several bilateral pairs of interneurons in the protocerebrum, and a group of interneurons in the optic lobe. Several immunoreactive interneurons were found in the thoracic ganglia, while the abdominal ganglia contained prominent immunoreactive neurosecretory cells, which projected to the lateral cardiac nerve. The presence of leucokinins in the abdominal nerve cord was confirmed by HPLC combined with ELISA. Leucokinin-immunoreactive neurosecretory cells were also found in the pars intercerebralis of the cricket Acheta domesticus and the mosquito Aedes aegypti, but not in the locust Schistocerca americana or the honey bee Apis mellifera. However, all these species have leucokinin-immunoreactive neurosecretory cells in the abdominal ganglia. The neurohemal organs innervated by abdominal leucokinin-immunoreactive cells were different in each species.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neuropeptides ; Diuresis ; insects ; Neurosecretory cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Because leucokinins stimulate diuresis in some insects, we wished to identify the neurosecretory cells in Manduca sexta that might be a source of leucokinin-like neurohormones. Immunostaining was done at various stages of development, using an antiserum to leucokinin IV. Bilateral pairs of neurosecretory cells in abdominal ganglia 3–7 of larvae and adults are immunoreactive; these cells project via the ipsilateral ventral nerves to the neurohemal transverse nerves. The immunoreactivity and size of these lateral cells greatly increases in the pharate adult, and this change appears to be related to a period of intensive diuresis occurring a few days before adult eclosion. Relationships of these neurons to cells that are immunoreactive to a M. sexta diuretic hormone were also investigated. Diuretic hormone and leucokinin immunoreactivity are co-localized in the lateral neurosecretory cells and their neurohemal projections. A median pair of leucokinin-immunoreactive, and a lateral pair of diuretic hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the larval terminal abdominal ganglion project to neurohemal release sites within the cryptonephridium. The immunoreactivity of these cells is lost as the cryptonephridium is eliminated during metamorphosis. This loss appears to be related to the change from the larval to adult pattern of diuresis.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Diuresis, insects ; Neurosecretory cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because leucokinins stimulate diuresis in some insects, we wished to identify the neurosecretory cells in Manduca sexta that might be a source of leucokinin-like neurohormones. Immunostaining was done at various stages of development, using an antiserum to leucokinin IV. Bilateral pairs of neurosecretory cells in abdominal ganglia 3–7 of larvae and adults are immunoreactive; these cells project via the ipsilateral ventral nerves to the neurohemal transverse nerves. The immunoreactivity and size of these lateral cells greatly increases in the pharate adult, and this change appears to be related to a period of intensive diuresis occurring a few days before adult eclosion. Relationships of these neurons to cells that are immunoreactive to a M. sexta diuretic hormone were also investigated. Diuretic hormone and leucokinin immunoreactivity are co-localized in the lateral neurosecretory cells and their neurohemal projections. A median pair of leucokinin-immunoreactive, and a lateral pair of diuretic hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the larval terminal abdominal ganglion project to neurohemal release sites within the cryptonephridium. The immunoreactivity of these cells is lost as the cryptonephridium is eliminated during metamorphosis. This loss appears to be related to the change from the larval to adult pattern of diuresis.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 431-434 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Actin ; Cytoskeleton ; Immunocytochemistry ; Photoreceptor cells ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Drosophila ninaC mutation produces small rhabdomeres with the axial filament of the microvillar cytoskeleton reduced or missing. Using post-embedding immunogold labelling of LR White-embedded eyes, we show that several alleles of this mutation retain positive anti-actin immunoreactivity in the rhabdomeres, comparable to that of wild-type flies.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: gastrocolonic response ; gamma scintigraphy ; drug delivery to the colon ; tablets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The response of the colon to eating, the gastrocolonic response (GCR), may have important implications for the design of drug dosage forms for selective delivery to the colon. Therefore, the effect of meal composition on the GCR and its relation to the transit of non-disintegrating tablets has been investigated. Eight healthy male volunteers each received 5 × 6-mm radiolabeled nondisintegrating tablets, and the transit was followed using a gamma camera. When the tablets reached the ileocolonic region, each volunteer received a test meal (1000 kcal) containing 70% carbohydrate, 15% fat, and 15% protein. The subsequent movement of the tablets was then monitored. The study was repeated using a 70% fat meal and a 70% protein meal, so that the effects of a high-carbohydrate, a high-fat, and a high-protein meal on the GCR could be compared. The incidence of GCRs was similar after all meals. Thus, there appeared to be no effect of meal composition on the movement of the tablets into the colon. This implies that the ingestion of food may not necessarily stimulate the passage of material across the ileocecal junction and that other factors may also be involved.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: gamma scintigraphy ; radiotelemetry, gastric emptying ; pharmaceutical dosage forms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to correlate the gastric emptying (GE) of nondisintegrating tablets with changes in gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Eight, healthy, male subjects each received 5 × 7-mm radiolabeled tablets, a radiolabeled meal, and a radiotelemetry capsule (RTC). Transit of the radiolabeled formulations was followed by gamma scintigraphy and the RTC detected contractile activity in the GI tract. The study demonstrated that 7-mm tablets can empty from the fed stomach, prior to the onset of interdigestive activity. Those tablets that were not emptied during fed activity were retained through the period of quiescence associated with the onset of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and left the stomach during contractions associated with phase 2 and 3 activity. The RTC was retained in the stomach and was emptied only by large phase 3 contractions commonly termed the “housekeeper” wave. However, in one subject, the RTC was retained in the stomach for over 12 hr, during which time three distinct phase 3 complexes were monitored.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 8 (1991), S. 360-364 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: gamma scintigraphy ; variability ; gastrointestinal transit ; pharmaceutical dosage forms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The variability in the gastrointestinal transit of a multiple-unit and single-unit dosage form was investigated following a light breakfast in six, healthy, male volunteers after repeated weekly administration. The dosage forms were labeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides and the transit of the formulations was monitored on 4 separate study days using the technique of dual-isotope gamma scintigraphy. Gastric emptying times and small intestinal transit times were calculated and compared statistically within and between subjects using the standard deviation and coefficient of variance. The variability in gastric emptying of single- and multiple-unit systems was large; the intrasubject variation being less than the intersubject. There was less variation in small intestinal transit times for the single- and multiple-unit formulations than in gastric emptying, intrasubject variation again being less than intersubject variation.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: captopril ; pulsatile release ; gamma scintigraphy ; absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Captopril has been administered to eight healthy male subjects by means of a pulsatile delivery system that was designed to release the drug in the colonic region of the intestine. The gastrointestinal transit and pulsatile release were followed using gamma scintigraphy. A pulsatile capsule system with release after a nominal 5-hr period was found to perform reproducibly in vitro and in vivo. In six of the eight subjects, the drug was delivered to the colon, and in the remaining two subjects, to the terminal ileum. Measurable blood levels of free captopril were found in three subjects. Variable instability of the drug in the distal intestine is suggested as a possible reason for the lack of absorption of the drug in the majority of subjects.
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