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  • Chemistry  (40)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (29)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1930-1934
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torsional properties of healed canine diaphyseal defects grafted with a fibrillar collagen and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate composite (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The need for alternatives to autogenous bone grafts is widely recognized. This study compared the torsional strength of canine femora 1 year after grafting with one of three forms of a collagen/hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bone grafting material (COLLAGRAFT15), autogenous bone, or no graft. The groups were compared to each other and to the unoperated contralateral femora. Results of torsional testing were evaluated for torsional strength, torsional displacement, total energy to fracture and White fracture mode. Data analysis showed lower torsional strength of the operated vs. unoperated femora with the exception of morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 material, which had higher strength. However, the only difference in the operated groups was that the morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 had greater strength than several groups including the autogenous bone group. There was no difference found in angular displacement between any of the groups. However, there was a difference in the energy to fracture in both strip forms of the COLLAGRAFT15. The final conclusion is that in this model, grafting with COLLAGRAFT15 provided torsional properties at one year postoperatively at least equivalent to autogenous bone. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770050402
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoresist development by plasma (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 1093-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Over the past several years the semiconductor industry has placed major efforts into replacing wet processes with dry processes in fabricating electronic devices. Plasma photoresist stripping, plasma cleaning, and other dry etching techniques have replaced wet methods in many product lines. One area that has received little mention but which is vital toward achieving a totally dry manufacturing process is the dry development of photoresist. One production applicable plasma developable photoresist (PDF) process, using a proprietary resist formulation, is reported. Plasma process characterization, such as end point detection, development latitude, and mechanism are discussed. Included also are development temperature, batch film uniformity, and resolution currently obtainable with the PDF process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760201611
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binary and ternary blends of poly(vinyl chloride), hytrel, and a polyurethane (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3467-3473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Binary blends of poly(vinyl chloride) and a poly(ether urethane) containing 20 and 40 weight percent, respectively, of poly(vinyl chloride) have been prepared by solution blending from tetrahydrofuran and their degree of mixing investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. In the polyurethane, transitions were found at -19°C and -119°C. The former was attributed to the glass transition and the latter to a Schatzki type of motion of the polyether sequences. This latter transition occurred at a temperature which is higher than the literature value for the low temperature transition in poly(tetrahydrofuran), which is equivalent to the polyether sequence in the polyurethane. This discrepancy is attributed to the influence of neighboring hard segments present because of incomplete segmental phase separation of the polyurethane. For the blends only one very broad transition was observed, indicating that there was substantial mixing of these two polymers. Three ternary blends were prepared, also by solution blending, containing poly(vinyl chloride), Hytrel, and the polyurethane in the ratios 1:1:1, 1:2:1, and 2:1:1, respectively. In the first two blends there was clear evidence of phase separation. It was only in the 2:1:1 blend that an apparently significantly compatible material resulted.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261025
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric systems for acoustic damping. III. Blends of poly(vinyl chloride), segmented poly(ether ester), and poly(methyl acrylate) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3487-3491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A solution blend of poly(vinyl chloride) and a segmented poly(ether ester) and blends containing these two polymers plus poly(methyl acrylate) were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and electron microscopy. The binary blend, which contained 75% by weight of the poly(ether ester), showed only one loss peak, but also evidence of some phase separation. It is believed that the polyether sequences of the poly(ether ester) are extensively mixed with poly(vinyl chloride). Poly(methyl acrylate) was added to spread the damping range and produce a material of potential use as an acoustic damper. It is evident from both electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis that poly(methyl acrylate) is substantially incompatible in the other polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261027
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of glucuronic acid conjugates of a novel angiotensin receptor antagonist (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanogram quantities of glucuronic acid conjugates of GR117289 in rat and dog bile have been analysed by semi-microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ionspray mass spectrometry with on-line UV diode array detection. The determination of drug metabolites in bile has often proved problematical due to the large number of endogenous components in this biological matrix, in particular the bile acids. Semi-microbore HPLC is useful for concentrating small quantities of material and, in combination with an on-line diode array detector, for distinguishing between drug related and endogenous components. A novel angiotensin II receptor antagonist, GR117289, had proved difficult to analyse by thermospray mass spectrometry because of its thermal lability. The use of the less thermally dependent technique of ionspray mass spectrometry allowed the characterization of nanogram quantities of glucuronic acid metabolites of GR117289 in bile.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080218
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial behaviour of LIX 63 and The Surface Kinetics of Copper Extraction (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 332 (1990), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Different adsorption isotherms such as the Szyszkowski, Temkin, Frumkin, polynomial and spline functions were explore as fits to the experimental interfacial tension isotherms for LIX-63-hexane/water and LIX-63-toluene/water systems and then the surface excess isotherms were computed. A good match was obtained. The surface excess isotherms change in a similar way as those reported previously for 2-hydroxy-5-alkylbenzophenone oximes.Kinetic equations were derived for various versions of the extraction mechanism at the molecular interface, and the interfacial tension data were then used to estimate reaction orders against hydroxyoxime concentrations assuming that the process occurs at the interface of molecular dimensions. A reaction order equal one was obtained in the case of the formation of the stable 2:1 complex from the surface adsorbed intermediate 1:1 complex with a hydroxyoxime molecule held in the aqueous sublayer. This is the slowest step in the overall process. Hydroxyoxime association has only a small effect upon the predicted reaction orders and can be neglected.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19903320302
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of heat treatments and bead size on the corrosion of porous F75 in saline and serum (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 79-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An accelerated anodic corrosion method was used to study the effects of heat treatment and bead size on corrosion and metal ion release of porous coated F75 cylinders in saline and serum. Three heat treatments were used: a standard process for F75 implants (HTA), the standard plus an additional hour in air to produce a thin oxide film (HTA′), and a sintering in high vacuum to produce a chromium-depleted surface (HTB). Three bead sizes of similar composition were used, with approximate sizes of 215, 300, and 560 μm. The results demonstrated that HTA′ had the lowest corrosion rate and that of HTB was significantly greater than either HTA or HTA′. The corrosion rates of HTA and HTA′ were significantly greater in serum as compared with saline, whereas that of HTB was not affected by the presence of serum, suggesting an interaction between chromium and serum proteins. Bead size had a minimal effect on the corrosion rate of HTA′. For HTA, the small beads had the highest corrosion rate; the lowest was with the medium-sized beads. Bead size had the most significant effect with HTB, with that of the smaller beads having the higher corrosion rates. The effects of bead size were less consistent in serum, suggesting that protein adsorption may mask some of the surface area effects. It is concluded that the oxide film does reduce corrosion, that proteins do have an influence on the corrosion of F75, and that this method can be a suseful tool for studying the effects of improved heat treatment methods on the corrosion rate of F75 implants.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue response and in vivo degradation of selected polyhydroxyacids: Polylactides (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/VA)The opinions or assertions about specific products identified by brand name contained herein are the private views of the authors (JGD, MKH) and are not to be construed as conveying either an official endorsement or criticism by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or the Food and Drug Administration. (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1135-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The tissue response and in vivo molecular stability of injection-molded polyhydroxyacids - polylactides (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/VA, 5-22% VA content) - were studied. Polymers were implanted subcutaneously in mice and extirpated at 1, 3, and 6 month in order to study tissue response and polymer degradation.All polymers were well tolerated by the tissue. No acute inflammation, abscess formation, or tissue necrosis was observed in tissues adjacent to the implanted materials. Furthermore, no tissue reactivity or cellular mobilization was evident remote from the implant site. Mononuclear macrophages, proliferating fibroblasts, and mature vascularized fibrous capsules were typical of the tissue response. Degradation of the polymers was accompanied by an increase in collagen deposition. For the polylactide series, the inflammatory response after 1 month of implantation was less for materials containing the D-unit in the polymer chain, whereas in the case of the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerates, the number of inflammatory cells increased with increasing content of the valerate unit in the polymer chain. Between 1-3 months, there was slightly more tissue response to the PHB and PHB/VA polymers than to PLA. This response is attributed to the presence of leachable impurities and a low molecular weight soluble component in the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerates. At 6 months, the extent of tissue reaction was similar for both types of polymers.All polylactides degraded significantly (56-99%) by 6 months. For a poly(L-lactide) series, degradation rate in vivo decreased with increasing initial molecular weight of the injection-molded polymer. Several samples showed pronounced bimodal molecular weight distributions (MWD), which may be due to differences in degradation rate, resulting from variability in distribution of crystalline and amorphous regions within the samples. This may also be the result of two different mechanisms, i.e., nonenzymatic and enzymatic, which are involved in the degradation process, the latter being more extensive at the later stage of partially hydrolyzed polymer. The PHB and PHB/VA polymers degraded less (15-43%) than the polylactides following 6 months of implantation. Generally, the polymer with higher valerate content (19%, 22% degraded most. The decrease in molecular weight was accompanied by a narrowing of the MWD for PHB and copolymers; there was no evidence of a bimodal MWD, possibly indicating that the critical molecular weight that would permit enzyme/polymer interaction had not been reached. Weight loss during implantation ranged from 0-50% for the polylactides, whereas for the PHB polymers weight loss ranged from 0-1.6%. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270904
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved fire safety of composites for naval applications (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study is based on the use of integral, hybrid thermal barrier to protect the core of the composite structure. Thermal barrier treatments evaluated in this study include ceramic fabric, ceramic coating, intumescent coating, hybrid of ceramic and intumescent coating, silicone foam, and phenolic skin. The composite systems evaluated in combination with thermal barrier treatments included glass/vinyl ester, graphite/epoxy, graphite/bismaleimide, and graphite/phenolic. All configurations were tested for flammability characteristics. These included smoke density and combustion gas generation (ASTM E-662), residual flexural strength (ASTM D-790), heat release rate, and ignitability (ASTM E-1354). ASTM E-662 test method covers the determination of specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials. ASTM D-790 test method covers the determination of flexural properties of composite materials in the form of rectangular bars. ASTM E-1354 (cone calorimeter) covers the measurement of the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor, and is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development. Without any fire barrier treatments, all composite systems evaluated in this study failed to meet ignitability and peak heat release requirements of MIL-STD-2031 (SH) at radiant heat fluxes of 75 and 100 kW m-2, respectively. Intumescent coating and a hybrid system consisting of intumescent coating over ceramic coating were the most effective fire barrier treatments for composite systems evaluated in this study. Using either of these treatments, all composite systems met the ignitability requirements of 90 and 60 at 75 and 100 kW m-2, respectively. Except for glass/vinyl ester, all systems also met the peak and average heat release requirements of MIL-STD-2031 (SH) at radiant heat fluxes of 25, 75, and 100 kW m-2, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810160303
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TiIV-Komplexe mit Brücken-Ylidliganden: Verbindungen mit zwei oxophilen Zentren und Reaktionen mit Aldehyden (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 105 (1993), S. 603-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19931050424
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