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  • Articles  (72)
  • Springer  (46)
  • Oxford University Press  (26)
  • 2005-2009  (22)
  • 1990-1994  (23)
  • 1980-1984  (15)
  • 1975-1979  (11)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1925-1929  (1)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (72)
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  • Articles  (72)
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  • 1
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    Cold hardiness and transplant response of Juglans nigra seedlings subjected to alternative storage regimes (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1286-4560
    Electronic ISSN: 1297-966X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hunger in Canada (1994)
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 11 (1994), S. 50-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hunger is defined as the inability to obtain sufficient, nutritious, personally acceptable food through normal food channels or the uncertainty that one will be able to do so. After the depression of the 1930s, widespread concerns about hunger in Canada did not resurface until the recession of the early 1980s when the demand for food assistance rose dramatically. The development of an ad hoc charitable food distribution system ensued and by 1992, 2.1 million Canadians were receiving food assistance. In the absence of national monitoring systems, this remains the best available estimate of the prevalence of hunger. Hunger appears to be linked to poverty, unemployment, and numbers of people receiving social assistance. Although the Canadian social security system has traditionally been characterized by government-run universal and targeted programs designed to address income issues, hunger raises concerns about the current “safety net”. The primary response to hunger has been the proliferation of food banks, the agencies at the heart of the charitable food assistance system. On a smaller scale, community-based programs and advocacy initiatives have emerged. Nonetheless, the demand for food assistance continues to rise. The trend raises questions about future directions for social policy in Canada and concerns about the development of a two-tiered food distribution system—one for those with adequate money and one for the poor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01530416
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water use efficiency of narrow row cotton (1984)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 5 (1984), S. 195-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field experiment was conducted on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley in California to determine water use, crop growth, yield and water use efficiency of Acala (SJ-2) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in 0.5 m spaced rows on a Panoche clay loam soil (Typic Torriorthents). Evapotranspiration was determined by water balance techniques utilizing neutron soil moisture measurements. All neutron measurements were made within a 3 m soil profile in 0.20 m increments. The measured evapotranspiration was compared to climatic estimates of potential evapotranspiration, and to calculations using a one-dimensional soil water balance model that separately computed soil water evaporation and plant transpiration. Crop growth was determined by weekly destructive plant sampling. Leaf area was determined along with dry matter components of leaves, stems, fruiting parts (flowers and squares) and bolls. Final yield was determined by machine harvesting (brush stripper) 720 m2 from each plot. Lint yields and fiber quality were determined by sample ginning and fiber analysis at the U.S. Cotton Research Station at Shafter, California. Three irrigation regimes were established that resulted in an evapotranspiration range from a high deficit condition to full irrigation at the calculated atmospheric demand. The measured evapotranspiration of narrow row cotton under a full irrigation regime was 778 mm, 594 mm under a limited irrigation regime and 441 mm under a regime with no post-plant irrigation. The evapotranspiration from these irrigation treatments was accurately simulated by a water balance model. that used inputs of potential evapotranspiration, leaf area index, soil water holding capacity and root development. The average lint yield from narrow row cotton with a full irrigation regime was 1583 kg/ha, the average lint yield from a limited irrigation regime was 1423 kg/ha and the average lint yield from a treatment with no postplant irrigation (fully recharged soil profile at planting) was 601 kg/ha. The full irrigation regime resulted in a dry matter production of approximately 16 t/ha while the limited irrigated regime produce 11 t/ha and the no-postplant irrigation regime produced 7 t/ha of dry matter. The fiber quality results indicated significant (0.05 level) differences only in 50% span length and micronaire, with the 2.5% span length, uniformity index, elongation and strength indicating no difference. Cotton lint yield was found to be directly related to total evapotranspiration although the relationship was slightly non-linear while dry matter yield was found to be linearly related to evapotranspiration. Both lint and dry matter yield were found to have a linear relationship to estimated transpiration from the water balance model calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264608
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of high frequency surface and subsurface drip irrigation on root distribution of sweet corn (1991)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 12 (1991), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Characterization of root growth and distribution is fundamental in explaining crop responses to irrigation and in determining appropriate management of irrigation systems, particularly with drip systems since it is widely believed that drip irrigation may limit the extent of root development. An experiment was conducted to study root distribution of sweet corn grown under high frequency surface (S) and subsurface (SS) drip irrigation, fertilized daily through drip systems at three phosphorus levels of P0 (no injected P), P1 (P injected at 67 kg/ha) and P2 (P injected at 134 kg/ha). Root sampling at the end of the growing season indicated that: (1) Root extension continued at depths in excess of 2 m in both the surface and subsurface drip at all P levels. (2) The greatest differences between SS and S treatments were observed in the top 45 cm depth. Higher root length density was observed in the surface 30 cm in S plots while the sweet corn in the SS plots had greater root length density than S plots below 30 cm, and (3) the greater root length density in the SS irrigated sweet corn was not reflected in a similar increase in total above-ground dry matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192284
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water use, growth and rubber yields of four guayule selections as related to irrigation regimes (1984)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 5 (1984), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary There has been renewed interest in cultivating guayule (Parthenium argentatum G.) for rubber production. Water use, growth and rubber yields of four guayule selections (593, 11.591, 11 646 and 4265 XF) were evaluated for two years in nonweighing field lysimeters at El Paso, TX. Four irrigation treatments were evaluated; these involved irrigation when about 40, 60 or 90% of available water was depleted, and the fourth treatment was irrigated at 60% depletion using saline water containing 3,300 mg of dissolved salts per liter. Water use for the two year period for these treatments amounted to 219, 147, 96 and 132 cm, respectively, plus biennial rainfall of 32 cm. Shrub and resin yields increased linearly with increasing irrigation, while rubber contents generally decreased with irrigation. Resultant rubber yields were highest under the lowest stress treatment, yielding about 840 kg/ha. Rubber yields with other treatments averaged 560 kg/ha with no significant yield differences among the tested selections. The salt treatment increased rubber contents of the shrubs, but caused reductions in shrub and rubber yields. Guayule plants survived well under low soil moisture, but water requirement to produce unit quantities of biomass was high (about 15 cm to produce one ton of dry shrub per ha). Guayule should not be regarded as a low water consuming crop if high yields per land area are to be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272548
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of potato clones and accessions ofSolanum spp. toVerticillium dahliae Kleb. and its toxin (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 449-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Verticillium wilt ; resistance ; screening ; toxin bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The reaction of 40 potato clones and six accessions ofSolanum spp. to wilt caused byVerticillium dahliae and to the acetone precipitate (AP) of the toxin produced by the pathogen in vitro was studied. There was a highly significant correlation between the wilt reaction of the clones in the glasshouse, the incidence and progress of wilt and severe wilt in the field, and the degree of colonization of stem apices byV. dahliae. Of the clones and accessions evaluated, NDA8694-3, Norgold Russet, BelRus, Superior, Russet Norkotah, Norland andS. demissum were the most susceptible, while A66107-51, A68113-4, Targhee, NDA843-3, Alpha, A7805-8, A7816-14, Russet Nugget,S. chacoense, S. sparsipilum, andS. tarijense were the most resistant to wilt. The reaction of genotypes to the AP ofV. dahliae toxin in an excised leaf bioassay was not correlated with their reaction to Verticillium wilt in the field or glasshouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition of soil solutions extracted from New Zealand beech forests and West German beech and spruce forests (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al3+ ; Ca2+ ; Mg2+ ; NH4 + ; NO3 − ; SO4 2− ; Al toxicity ; forest dieback ; Fagus sylvatica ; Nothofagus ; pH ; Picea abies ; soil solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of ions were measured in soil solutions from beech (Nothofagus) forests in remote areas of New Zealand and in solutions from beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in North-East Bavaria, West Germany, to compare the chemistry of soil solutions which are unaffected by acid deposition (New Zealand) with those that are affected (West Germany). In New Zealand, soil solution SO4 2− concentrations ranged between 〈2 and 58 μmol L−1, and NO3 − concentrations ranged between 〈1 and 3 μmol L−1. In West Germany, SO4 2− concentrations ranged between 80 and 700 μmol L−1, and NO3 − concentrations at three of six sites ranged between 39 and 3750 μmol L−1, but was not detected at the remaining three sites. At all sites in New Zealand, and at sites where the soil base status was moderately high in West Germany, pH levels increased, and total Al (Alt) and inorganic monomeric Al (Ali) levels decreased rapidly with increasing soil depth. In contrast, at sites on soils of low base status in West Germany, pH levels increased only slightly, and Al levels did not decline with increasing soil depth. Under a high-elevation Norway spruce stand showing severe Mg deficiency and dieback symptoms in West Germany, soil solution Mg2+ levels ranged between 20 and 60 μmol L−, and were only half those under a healthy stand. Alt and Ali levels were substantially higher the healthy stand than under the unhealthy stand, indicating that Al toxicity was not the main cause of spruce decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012827
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the effect of different sewage sludges on young barley (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 48 (1977), S. 129-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soil treated with three kinds of sewage sludge (activated, liquid digested, filtered digested sludge) was cropped three times with young barley. All three sludges produced a P-response, and a small N-response. For the first crop this was more marked with the liquid sludges than the filter-cake, from which the soluble nutrients had been removed in the filtrate. It was not possible to separate fully the effects of N and P in heavy sludge applications from possible harmful effects of heavy metals, but there was no certain harm from five times the recommended maximum application, and certainly no harm from lesser applications. Even after 12 months the fractions ‘avilable’/‘total’ Cu, Ni and Zn added in the sludges were greater (0.8, 0.2, 0.4) than those ‘native’ in the soil, but their availabilities to young barley had substantially decreased during that period. By the end of 12 months there appeared to be no differences between the availabilities of these elements from different sludges, whatever may have been their original forms of combination. Relative to the total amount present, the concentration of Ni in water extracts of the soils was considerably greater than that of Zn and Cu. re]19760505
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015163
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical levels of twenty potentially toxic elements in young spring barley (1978)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 49 (1978), S. 395-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Theupper critical level of a potentially toxic element is its minimum concentration in actively growing tissues of a plant at which yield is reduced. The following values for upper critical levels in the leaves and shoots of spring barley at the five-leaf stage were determined by means of sand culture experiments in the glasshouse: Ag 4; As 20; B 80; Ba 500; Be 0.6; Cd 15; Co 6; Cr 10; Cu 20; Hg 3; Li 4; Mo 135; Ni 26; Pb 35; Se 30; Sn 63; Tl 20; V 2; Zn 290; Zr 15ppm of dry matter. They are presented as the basis of a simple procedure for monitoring harmful accumulations of these elements in the soil environment. We also present the concentrations of simple solutions of these elements which induced toxicity under the conditions of the experiments. There was little uptake of Bi, Sb and Te even from solutions that reduced the yield of young barley. It is believed that these elements may have reduced the availability or translocation of other nutrient elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149747
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage relationships of genes for leaf morphology, flower color, and root nodulation in chickpea (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 54 (1991), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; flower color ; genetics ; leaf morphology ; linkage ; root nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The allelic and linkage relationships among five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) morphological markers were investigated. When crossed with purple-flowered line ICC 640 and with each other, white flowered variety ‘UC5’ and mutant line PM974 were shown to carry non-allelic, single recessive genes for white flower color, provisionally designated w1 and w2, respectively. The single recessive gene conferring simple leaves in mutant PM299 was allelic to the previously described slv gene carried by variety ‘Surutato 77’, line ICC 10301, and other simple leaf chickpea mutants. In mutant 756M, a filiform leaf trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, fil, which was non-allelic to slv. The fil and w2 genes were linked, with recombination frequencies of 0.05 and 0.14 estimated from results of coupling and repulsion phase crosses, respectively. fil and w1 segregated independently. Root nodulation gene rn3 was closely linked to slv: recombination frequencies of 0.05 and 0.11 were estimated from results of coupling and repulsion phase crosses, respectively. A loose linkage detected between the w2-fil and the rn3-slv linkage groups will be the subject of further scrutiny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145638
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