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  • 1
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    System concepts for a series of lunar optical telescopes (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Lunar Telescope Working Group of the Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA, has conducted conceptual studies of an evolutionary family of UV/ optical/IR telescopes to be based on the lunar surface. Included are: (1) the 16-m aperture Large Lunar Telescope; (2) the 4-m aperture precursor Lunar Cluster Telescope Experiment; and (3) the 2-m Lunar Transit Telescope proposed by John McGraw of the Steward Observatory. Development and emplacement of these advanced astronomical facilities would parallel the buildup of an initial lunar exploration site, an early lunar outpost, and a permanent lunar base. The Working Group has examined the feasibility of constructing such telescopes and assessed technology, subsystem, system, transportation, and operations requirements for their development and emplacement. Influences of the lunar environment and site selection on telescope design and operation were also evaluated.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: In: Engineering, construction, and operations in space III: Space '92; Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, Denver, CO, May 31-June 4, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-41976 17-12); p. 1809-1831.
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  • 2
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    Imaging the sun in hard X-rays - Spatial and rotating modulation collimators (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Several approaches to imaging hard X-rays emitted from solar flares have been proposed or are planned for the nineties including the spatial modulation collimator (SMC) and the rotating modulation collimator (RMC). A survey of current solar flare theoretical literature indicates the desirability of spatial resolutions down to 1 arcsecond, field of views greater than the full solar disk (i.e., 32 arcminutes), and temporal resolutions down to 1 second. Although the sun typically provides relatively high flux levels, the requirement for 1 second temporal resolution raises the question as to the viability of Fourier telescopes subject to the aforementioned constraints. A basic photon counting, Monte Carlo 'end-to-end' model telescope was employed using the Astronomical Image Processing System (AIPS) for image reconstruction. The resulting solar flare hard X-ray images compared against typical observations indicated that both telescopes show promise for the future.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: In: EUV, X-ray, and gamma-ray instrumentation for astronomy II; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1991 (A93-34376 13-35); p. 155-179.
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  • 3
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    Planetary astronomy (1986)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Comets were studied during their relatively quiescent phases at large distances from the sun. This program, has resulted in a variety of CCD images of comets in several visible and near-IR bands selected to sample the continuum, rather than emission features. The most extensive dataset was obtained for P/Halley during January 1985 (plus scattered earlier data), near the time the comet turned on. The data were reduced in a preliminary fashion. Other comets predicted to be relatively inactive (including Neujmin 1 and Arend-Rigaux) were most active than expected. P/Gehrels 3 was also observed.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 82-84
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  • 4
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    Planetary astronomy (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The goal is to use a variety of observational techniques and instruments, and to reduce, interpret, and synthesize ground based astronomical data concerning small bodies in the solar system, especially the asteroids, in order to study the compositions, physical characteristics, population properties, and evolution of these bodies. Progress was made in the following areas: faint asteroid taxonomy survey; photometric geodesy of Main Belt asteroids; and Main Belt and Near Earth Asteroids synthesis studies.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1991; p 27-28
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  • 5
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    Radio astronomy (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The following subject areas are covered: (1) scientific opportunities (millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelength astronomy; meter to hectometer astronomy; the Sun, stars, pulsars, interstellar masers, and extrasolar planets; the planets, asteroids, and comets; radio galaxies, quasars, and cosmology; and challenges for radio astronomy in the 1990's); (2) recommendations for new facilities (the millimeter arrays, medium scale instruments, and small-scale projects); (3) continuing activities and maintenance, upgrading of telescopes and instrumentation; (4) long range programs and technology development; and (5) social, political, and organizational considerations.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: National Academy of Sciences(National Research Council, Working Papers: Astronomy and Astrophysics Panel Reports; 23 p
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  • 6
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    Near-Earth asteroids: Observer alert network and database analysis (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Planetary Science Institute (PSI) was funded by SERCulpr to develop a communication network to alert observers of newly discovered near-earth asteroids (NEA's). This network is intended to encourage observers to obtain physical observations of NEA's, which are needed in order to characterize and assess the resource potential of these bodies. This network was declared operational in October 1990 via an announcement to the asteroid observing community. The PSI is also supported to develop the Near-Earth Asteroid Database (NEAD), a comprehensive database of physical and dynamical data on NEA's. In the past year, the database was updated on newly discovered NEA's during 1990, and new data on radar observations and dynamical classifications were added.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Arizona Univ., NASA Space Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Local Planetary Resources; 7 p
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  • 7
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    Soft X-ray astronomy using grazing incidence optics (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The instrumental background of X-ray astronomy with an emphasis on high resolution imagery is outlined. Optical and system performance, in terms of resolution, are compared and methods for improving the latter in finite length instruments described. The method of analysis of broadband images to obtain diagnostic information is described and is applied to the analysis of coronal structures.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Symposium of High Energy Solar Physics; Tokyo; Japan|Solar X-ray Astronomy Sounding Rocket Program; 4 p
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  • 8
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    Velocity-resolved observations of water in Comet Halley (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: High resolution (lambda/delta lambda approx. = 3 x 10 to the 5th power) near-infrared observations of H2O emission from Comet Halley were acquired at the time of maximum post-perihelion geocentric Doppler shift. The observed widths and absolute positions of the H2O line profiles reveal characteristics of the molecular velocity field in the coma. These results support H2O outflow from a Sun-lit hemisphere or the entire nucleus, but not from a single, narrow jet emanating from the nucleus. The measured pre- and post-perihelion outflow velocities were 0.9 + or - 0.2 and 1.4 + or - 0.2 km/s, respectively. Temporal variations in the kinematic properties of the outflow were inferred from changes in the spectral line shapes. These results are consistent with the release of H2O into the coma from multiple jets.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-88367 , PREPRINT-58 , A-86410 , NAS 1.15:88367
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  • 9
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    Collisional history of asteroids - Evidence from Vesta and the Hirayama families (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Numerical simulations of the collisional evolution of hypothetical initial asteroid populations have been run which are subject to three constraints: they must evolve to the current asteroid size distribution, preserve Vesta's basaltic crust, and produce at least the observed number of major Hirayama families. A 'runaway growth' initial asteroid population distribution is found to best satisfy these constraints, and a model is developed for the calculation of fragment size distribution in the disruption of large, gravitationally bound bodies in which the material strength is enhanced by hydrostatic self-compression. This model predicts that large asteroids behave as intrinsically strong bodies despite histories of collisional fracture.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 62; 30-53
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  • 10
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    Orbital resonances in the solar nebula - Implications for planetary accretion (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The influence of gas drag and gravitational perturbations by a planetary embryo on the orbit of a planetesimal in the solar nebula was examined. Non-Keplerian rotation of the gas causes secular decay of the orbit. If the planetesimal's orbit is exterior to the perturber's, resonant perturbations oppose this drag and can cause it to be trapped in a stable orbit at a commensurability of order j/(j + 1), where j is an integer. Numerical and analytical demonstrations show that resonant trapping occurs for wide ranges of perturbing mass, planetesimal size, and j. Induced eccentricities are large, causing overlap of orbits for bodies in different resonances with j greater than 2. Collisions between planetesimals in different resonances, or between resonant and nonresonant bodies, result in their disruption. Fragments smaller than a critical size can pass through resonances under the influence of drag and be accreted by the embryo. This effect speeds accretion and tends to prevent dynamical isolation of planetary embryos, making gas-rich scenarios for planetary formation more plausible.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 62; 16-29
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