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  • Wiley  (17)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (9)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (6)
  • American Geophysical Union  (2)
  • 2005-2009  (14)
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1965-1969  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of carbon-11 in Populus shows that exogenous jasmonic acid increases biosynthesis of isoprene from recently fixed carbon (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A new approach for pulse labelling of plants using the short-lived positron emitting radioisotope carbon-11 (half-life: 20.4 min) as 11CO2 is reported together with its application to measuring [11C]isoprene emissions from intact leaves capturing information associated with: (1) rate of emission; (2) the relative contribution of recently fixed carbon to isoprene biosynthesis; and (3) the transit time for tracer movement through the leaf and biochemical pathways associated with isoprene biosynthesis. This approach was applied to study the response of certain Populus species to exogenous treatments of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant hormone implicated in signal transduction linked to defence response against herbivory. Twelve hours after treatment of single intact leaves of aspen (Populus tremuloides) with a 1 m m JA spray, isoprene emissions from those leaves increased 1.5 times the controls from 35.4 ± 2.2 to 53.1 ± 4.8 nmol m−2 s−1. [11C]Isoprene emissions from the same leaves, reflecting the isoprene that was derived from recently fixed carbon, increased much more, to 2.2 times the controls. This increase coincided with a change in emitted [11C]isoprene from 0.31 to 0.68% of 11C fixed in the leaf tissue, while the tracer transit time remained constant at 12.5 min. These results suggest that JA had no effect on enzyme kinetics involved in isoprene biosynthesis, but did impact the source of recent carbon feeding that pathway. Studies with poplar (Populus nigra clone NC 5271) showed similar trends in systemic emissions (from an untreated leaf on the same plant).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01303.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The product of the SNF2/SWI2 paralogue INO80 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for efficient expression of various yeast structural genes is part of a high-molecular-weight protein complex (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 32 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Structural genes of phospholipid biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are activated by the Ino2p/Ino4p transcription factor that binds to ICRE promoter motifs and mediates maximal gene expression in the absence of inositol. We identified the ino80 mutation causing inositol auxotrophy as a result of a defect in ICRE-dependent gene activation. The product of the corresponding wild-type gene INO80 (= YGL150C) shows significant similarity to the Snf2p family of DNA-dependent ATPases. Nevertheless, SNF2 in increased gene dosage did not suppress ino80 mutant phenotypes. Mutation of the Ino80p lysine residue corresponding to the NTP binding site of Snf2p led to a non-functional protein. In ino80 null mutants, gene activation mediated by an ICRE decreased to 16% of the wild-type level. Maximal expression of PHO5, GAL1, CYC1 and ICL1 was also significantly reduced. Thus, Ino80p affects several transcription factors involved in unrelated pathways. As demonstrated by gel filtration, Ino80p is part of a high-molecular-weight complex of more than 1 MDa. Similar to what was found for Snf2p, the Ino80p-containing complex may influence the transcriptional level of several unrelated structural genes by functioning as an ATPase that possibly acts on chromatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01390.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deregulation of gluconeogenic structural genes by variants of the transcriptional activator Cat8p of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 34 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, growth with a non-fermentable carbon source requires co-ordinate transcriptional activation of gluconeogenic structural genes by an upstream activation site (UAS) element, designated CSRE (carbon source-responsive element). The zinc cluster protein encoded by CAT8 is necessary for transcriptional derepression mediated by a CSRE. Expression of CAT8 as well as transcriptional activation by Cat8p is regulated by the carbon source, requiring a functional Cat1p (= Snf1p) protein kinase. The importance of both regulatory levels was investigated by construction of CAT8 variants with a constitutive transcriptional activation domain (INO2TAD) and/or a carbon source-independent promoter (MET25 ). Whereas a reporter gene driven by a CSRE-dependent synthetic minimal promoter showed a 40-fold derepression with wild-type CAT8, an almost constitutive expression was found with a MET25–CAT8–INO2TAD fusion construct due to a dramatically increased gene activation under conditions of glucose repression. Similar results were obtained with the mRNA of the isocitrate lyase gene ICL1 and at the level of ICL enzyme activity. Taking advantage of a Cat8p size variant, we demonstrate its binding to the CSRE. Our data show that carbon source-dependent transcriptional activation by Cat8p is the most important mechanism affecting the regulated expression of gluconeogenic structural genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01588.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional control of the yeast acetyl-CoA synthetase gene, ACS1, by the positive regulators CAT8 and ADR1 and the pleiotropic repressor UME6 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 26 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ACS1 gene, encoding one out of two acetyl-CoA synthetase isoenzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is strictly regulated at the transcriptional level by the carbon source of the medium. While ACS1 is poorly expressed in the presence of a high glucose concentration, a several hundred-fold derepression occurs with ethanol as the sole carbon source or under conditions of sugar limitation. The molecular mechanism responsible for the carbon source control of ACS1 turned out to be highly complex. A carbon source-responsive element (CSRE), previously identified upstream of gluconeogenic structural genes, and a binding site of the alcohol dehydrogenase regulator, Adr1p, together mediate about 80% of the derepressed gene activity. Binding of Adr1p synthesized by Escherichia coli to the ACS1 control region was shown by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In addition to these activating elements, two URS1 motifs confer negative control on the ACS1 promoter. The URS1 element was found to be a constitutive repression site, which is most effective from a downstream position with respect to an upstream activation site (UAS). In a mutant lacking the URS1-binding factor, Ume6p, ACS1 expression was partially glucose insensitive. Ume6p must counteract transcription factors that are constitutively active. Site-directed mutagenesis of Abf1p binding sites in the ACS1 promoter significantly reduced gene expression in the ume6 mutant, grown under repressing conditions. Thus, a functional balance of the pleiotropic positive factor Abf1p and the negative factor Ume6p is in part responsible for glucose repression of ACS1. The combined influence of the regulated UAS elements, CSRE and Adr1p binding site, mediates a strong increase in ACS1 expression under derepressing conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.5611937.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constitutive expression of yeast phospholipid biosynthetic genes by variants of Ino2 activator defective for interaction with Opi1 repressor (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 56 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Regulated expression of structural genes involved in yeast phospholipid biosynthesis is mediated by inositol/choline-responsive element (ICRE) upstream motifs, bound by the heterodimeric activator complex Ino2 + Ino4. Gene repression occurs in the presence of sufficient inositol and choline, requiring an intact Opi1 repressor which binds to Ino2. For a better understanding of interactions among regulators, we mapped an 18 aa repressor interaction domain (RID, aa 118–135) within Ino2 necessary and sufficient for binding by Opi1. By alanine scanning mutagenesis of the entire RID we were able to identify nine residues critical for Opi1-dependent repression of Ino2 function. Consequently, the corresponding dominant Ino2 variants conferred constitutive expression of an ICRE-dependent reporter gene and were no longer inhibited even by overproduction of Opi1. Interestingly, Ino2 RID partially overlaps with transcriptional activation domain TAD2. As certain mutations exclusively affect repression while others affect both repression and activation, both functions of Ino2 can be functionally uncoupled. Correspondingly, we mapped the RID–binding activator interaction domain (AID, aa 321–380) at the C-terminus of Opi1 and introduced missense mutations at selected positions. An Opi1 variant simultaneously mutated at three highly conserved positions showed complete loss of repressor function, confirming RID–AID interaction as the crucial step of regulated expression of ICRE-dependent genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04499.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markoff chain modelling of NDI techniques (2005)
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A procedure for non-destructive inspection by taking into account the effects of stochastic fatigue crack growth is presented. For this purpose a Markoff chain model is used to update the crack statistics, allowing an efficient computational implementation and a clear account of the involved concepts. In this context, perfect and imperfect removal of cracks, respectively, are considered, which represent idealizations defining bounds for actual situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00853.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of glassy carbon microstructures by pyrolysis of microfabricated polymeric precursorsThis work has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. It used MRSEC Shared Facilities supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-9400396). The authors thank Xiao-Mei Zhao for demonstrating microtransfer molding. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 9 (1997), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19970090604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ausscheidungs- und Korrosionsverhalten unstabilisierter und stabilisierter 18/10 Chrom-Nickel-Stähle nach kurzzeitigem sensibilisierendem Glühen (1976)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 560-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Precipitation and corrosion behaviour of unstabilized and stabilized 18 10 CrNi steels after short term sensibilizing annealingThe authors have studied the precipitation behaviour of the steels X5 CrNi 18 9, X10CrNiTi 18 9 and X 10CrNiNb 18 9 after solution and sensibilization annealing, and the intercrystalline corrosion behaviour in the Straußtest. On the basis of the results obtained it was possible to determine the and carbonitrides and to define the grain segregation ranges. In the case of the unstabilized materials the behaviour is a function of the formation of chromium depleted zones. However, it is not absolute value of the depletion at the carbid/austenite interphase which controls corrosion, but the depletion in an adjacent zone of measurable thickness. Beyond that the Huey test allows the corrosion susceptibility to be determined in those regions where no continuous chromium depleted zone exists. In the case of stabilized steels the corrosion behaviour depends in addition from carbonitride precipitation, since these compounds are heavily attacked by the boiling nitride acid.
    Notes: Die Verfasser untersuchten das Ausscheidungsverhalten der Stähle X 5 CrNi 18 9, X 10CrNiTi 18 9 und X 10CrNiNb 18 9 nach Lösungs- und Sensibilisierungsglühen sowie das Verhalten gegen interkristalline Korrosion im Strauß-Versuch. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse konnte die Art der Ausscheidungen bestimmt werden (Karbid M23C6 und Karbonitride) und auch die Kornzerfallsbereiche konnten definiert werden. Im Falle des nichtstabilisierten Materials ist das Verhalten abhängig von der Bildung von chromveramten Zonen; dabei ist jedoch nicht die absolute Höhe der Verarmung an der Grenzfläche Kabid/Austenit ausschlaggebend, sondern vielmehr die Verarmung in einer Zone meßbarer Dicke. Im Huey-Versuch läßt sich außerdem die Korrosionsanfälligkeit in den Zonen ermitteln, wo keine zusammenhängende Chromverarmungszone vorliegt. Im Falle der stabilisierten Stähle ist das Korrosionsverhalten außerdem abhängig von der Karbonitridausscheidung, da diese Ausscheidungen von der siedenden Salpetersäure stark angegriffen werden.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19760270804
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über das elektrolytisch-potentiostatische Ätzen von nichtrostenden Stählen in 10 n NaOH unter Anwendung eines Coulometers (1969)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 20 (1969), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into the electrolytic-potentiostatic etching of stainless steels in 10 n NaOH, using a coulometerCurrent density/potential characteristics can only provide qualitative indications concerning the phenomena encountered with potentiostatic etching in 10 n NaOH. The process is best carried out in the trans-passive zone. Identification is based, not on the selective dissolution of certain standard components, but on the interference colours which can be observed as a result of the formation of cover layers of different thickness. The charge density/time characteristics also permit quantitative indications of the different phases. Current density/time curves permit a clarification of the mechanism govering the formation of cover layers. A ferritic steel (28 pC Cr) and a NiCr alloy (45 pC Cr) were found to follow a cubic law of growth, whilst CrNi steel 18-8 is initially governed by an approximately logarithmic law, followed by a zone extending over several hours where the growth begins to follow a parabolic law.
    Notes: Stromdichte-Potential-Kurven ermöglichen nur qualitative Aussagen über die Vorgänge beim potentiostatischen Ätzen in 10 n NaOH. Am günstigsten ist Ätzen im Transpassivbereich. Die Identifizierung erfolgt dabei nicht durch selektive Auflösung bestimmter Gefügebestandteile, sondern aufgrund der Interferenzfarben, die infolge der Bildung unterschiedlich starker Deckschichten zu beobachten sind. Die Ladungsdichte-Zeit-Kurven ermöglichen auch Aussagen über die Mengen der einzelnen Phasen. Stromdichte-Zeit-Kurven ermöglichen eine Aufklärung des Deckschichtbildungsmechanismus. Für einen ferritischen Stahl (28% Cr) und eine NiCr-Legierung mit 45% Cr gilt ein kubisches Wachstumsgesetz, während für CrNi-Stahl 18-8 zunächst ein annähernd logarithmisches Gesetz gilt, an das sich ein mehrstündiger Bereich anschließt, in dem übergang zu einem parabolischen Schichtwachstum erfolgt.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19690200302
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Existenz niedergliedriger Cycloalkine, X Bildung und Verhalten von Cycloheptin Kollegen B. Eistert zum 65. Geburtstag in freundschaftlicher Verbundenheit (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 711 (1968), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei Umsetzungen von 1.2-Dibrom-cyclohepten (1) mit Magnesium bzw. Alkaliamalgamen erhielt man neben Trispentamethylenbenol (2) ein Hexameres des Cycloheptins (3a), das sich durch leichte Umlagerung zu einem höher schmelzenden Isomeren 3b auszeichnete. Für die beiden Kohlenwasserstoffe werden die Strukturen A oder B vorgeschlagen. Das Hexamere 3a ließ sich auch durch Bleitetraacetat-Oxydation des Aminotriazols 6 darstellen, wenn man mit Pyridin die Addition der bei der Reaktion freiwerdenden Essigsaure an die Dreifach-bindung verhinderte. Außerdem ermöglichte die Bleitetraacetat-Oxydation Aussagen über die Lebensdauer des Cycloheptins: In verdünnter Lösung ist es mehrere Stunden haltbar und übertrifft damit die Beständigkeit des Sechsringhomologen bei weitem.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19687110110
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