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  • Life Sciences (General)  (11)
  • Biodiversity  (7)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1
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    Agriculture And Savannah Biodiversity Loss (2005)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This paper investigates the question of what influence human beings have had on biodiversity in the region of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. A historical analysis has been made of human impact on local ecosystems and species accompanied by statistics on the reduction of habitats and systems caused by urbanisation, cultivation, silviculture and state dams. The major causes of biodiversity loss are identified as being habitat destruction or modification and extractive utilisation. The most important problem is that the government of South Africa does not have an effective environmental management system to ensure wise decision-making. The result has been sectoral ministries empowered with the dual role of both exploiting and preserving natural resources. In 1989 guidelines for Integrated Environmental Management were produced by the Department of Environmental Affairs with an environmental impact assessment procedure. However, the procedure is weak because cumulative and synergistic impacts of development are poorly considered, because the land-use planning framework at the regional and even subregional scale is incomplete, and because there is generally poor understanding of how various land-uses impact on biodiversity. What is more, the procedure hasn't been given force of law due to the worry that the country cannot afford expensive assessment procedures when economic growth is the priority.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Ecological balance ; Environmental impact assessment ; Biodiversity
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 73293 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 2
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    A safe operating space for humanity (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rockstrom, Johan -- Steffen, Will -- Noone, Kevin -- Persson, Asa -- Chapin, F Stuart 3rd -- Lambin, Eric F -- Lenton, Timothy M -- Scheffer, Marten -- Folke, Carl -- Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim -- Nykvist, Bjorn -- de Wit, Cynthia A -- Hughes, Terry -- van der Leeuw, Sander -- Rodhe, Henning -- Sorlin, Sverker -- Snyder, Peter K -- Costanza, Robert -- Svedin, Uno -- Falkenmark, Malin -- Karlberg, Louise -- Corell, Robert W -- Fabry, Victoria J -- Hansen, James -- Walker, Brian -- Liverman, Diana -- Richardson, Katherine -- Crutzen, Paul -- Foley, Jonathan A -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):472-5. doi: 10.1038/461472a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kraftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Civilization ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/trends ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecology/*methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Green Chemistry Technology/*methods/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Human Activities/history ; Humans ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Ecology. Assisted colonization and rapid climate change (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoegh-Guldberg, O -- Hughes, L -- McIntyre, S -- Lindenmayer, D B -- Parmesan, C -- Possingham, H P -- Thomas, C D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):345-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1157897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Marine Studies, Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Reef Studies and the Coral Reef Targeted Research Project, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland (QLD) 4072, Australia. oveh@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Geography ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Ecology. Are U.S. coral reefs on the slippery slope to slime? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-03-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandolfi, J M -- Jackson, J B C -- Baron, N -- Bradbury, R H -- Guzman, H M -- Hughes, T P -- Kappel, C V -- Micheli, F -- Ogden, J C -- Possingham, H P -- Sala, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1725-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Marine Studies and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. j.pandolfi@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Greenhouse Effect ; International Cooperation ; Public Policy ; United States ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Community structure of corals and reef fishes at multiple scales (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-08-27
    Beschreibung: Distributions of numerical abundance and resource use among species are fundamental aspects of community structure. Here we characterize these patterns for tropical reef fishes and corals across a 10,000-kilometer biodiversity gradient. Numerical abundance and resource-use distributions have similar shapes, but they emerge at markedly different scales. These results are consistent with a controversial null hypothesis regarding community structure, according to which abundance distributions arise from the interplay of multiple stochastic environmental and demographic factors. Our findings underscore the importance of robust conservation strategies that are appropriately scaled to the broad suite of environmental processes that help sustain biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Connolly, Sean R -- Hughes, Terry P -- Bellwood, David R -- Karlson, Ronald H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1363-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Coral Reef Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Normal Distribution ; Pacific Ocean ; *Perciformes ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-08-16
    Beschreibung: Social and ecological vulnerability to disasters and outcomes of any particular extreme event are influenced by buildup or erosion of resilience both before and after disasters occur. Resilient social-ecological systems incorporate diverse mechanisms for living with, and learning from, change and unexpected shocks. Disaster management requires multilevel governance systems that can enhance the capacity to cope with uncertainty and surprise by mobilizing diverse sources of resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adger, W Neil -- Hughes, Terry P -- Folke, Carl -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Rockstrom, Johan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. n.adger@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptation, Psychological ; Animals ; Asia ; Biodiversity ; Communicable Diseases ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Disaster Planning ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Government ; Humans ; *Social Environment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Ecology. Globalization, roving bandits, and marine resources (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berkes, F -- Hughes, T P -- Steneck, R S -- Wilson, J A -- Bellwood, D R -- Crona, B -- Folke, C -- Gunderson, L H -- Leslie, H M -- Norberg, J -- Nystrom, M -- Olsson, P -- Osterblom, H -- Scheffer, M -- Worm, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1557-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada. berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Food Chain ; *Internationality ; Public Policy ; Sea Urchins ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Coordinate up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor and cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene expression in human colorectal cells and in colorectal adenocarcinoma biopsies (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Many colorectal cancers have high levels of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), an enzyme that metabolizes the essential fatty acids into prostaglandins. Since the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) is involved in the uptake of essential fatty acids, we studied the effect of LDL on growth and gene regulation in colorectal cancer cells. DiFi cells grown in lipoprotein-deficient sera (LPDS) grew more slowly than cells with LDL. LDLr antibody caused significant inhibition of tumor cell growth but did not affect controls. In addition, LDL uptake did not change in the presence of excess LDL, suggesting that ldlr mRNA lacks normal feedback regulation in some colorectal cancers. Analysis of the ldlr mRNA showed that excess LDL in the medium did not cause down-regulation of the message even after 24 hr. The second portion of the study examined the mRNA expression of ldlr and its co-regulation with cox-2 in normal and tumor specimens from patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas. The ratio of tumor:paired normal mucosa of mRNA expression of ldlr and of cox-2 was measured in specimens taken during colonoscopy. ldlr and cox-2 transcripts were apparent in 11 of 11 carcinomas. There was significant coordinate up-regulation both of ldlr and of cox-2 in 6 of 11 (55%) tumors compared with normal colonic mucosa. There was no up-regulation of cox-2 without concomitant up-regulation of ldlr. These data suggest that the LDLr is abnormally regulated in some colorectal tumors and may play a role in the up-regulation of cox-2. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer (ISSN 0020-7136); Volume 83; 2; 162-6
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Cyclooxygenases in human and mouse skin and cultured human keratinocytes: association of COX-2 expression with human keratinocyte differentiation (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Epidermal expression of the two isoforms of the prostaglandin H-generating cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) was evaluated both by immunohistochemistry performed on human and mouse skin biopsy sections and by Western blotting of protein extracts from cultured human neonatal foreskin keratinocytes. In normal human skin, COX-1 immunostaining is observed throughout the epidermis whereas COX-2 immunostaining increases in the more differentiated, suprabasilar keratinocytes. Basal cell carcinomas express little if any COX-1 or COX-2 immunostaining whereas both isozymes are strongly expressed in squamous cell carcinomas deriving from a more differentiated layer of the epidermis. In human keratinocyte cultures, raising the extracellular calcium concentration, a recognized stimulus for keratinocyte differentiation, leads to an increased expression of both COX-2 protein and mRNA; expression of COX-1 protein, however, shows no significant alteration in response to calcium. Because of a recent report that failed to show COX-2 in normal mouse epidermis, we also looked for COX-1 and COX-2 immunostaining in sections of normal and acetone-treated mouse skin. In agreement with a previous report, some COX-1, but no COX-2, immunostaining is seen in normal murine epidermis. However, following acetone treatment, there is a marked increase in COX-1 expression as well as the appearance of significant COX-2 immunostaining in the basal layer. These data suggest that in human epidermis as well as in human keratinocyte cultures, the expression of COX-2 occurs as a part of normal keratinocyte differentiation whereas in murine epidermis, its constitutive expression is absent, but inducible as previously published.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Experimental cell research (ISSN 0014-4827); Volume 224; 1; 79-87
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Effects of microgravity on osteoblast growth activation (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Space flight is an environmental condition where astronauts can lose up to 19% of weight-bearing bone during long duration missions. We used the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast to investigate bone cell growth in microgravity (10(-6) to 10(-9)g). Osteoblasts were launched on the STS-56 shuttle flight in a quiescent state with 0.5% fetal calf serum (FCS) medium and growth activation was initiated by adding fresh medium with 10% FCS during microgravity exposure. Four days after serum activation, the cells were fixed before return to normal Earth gravity. Ground controls were treated in parallel with the flight samples in identical equipment. On landing, cell number, cell cytoskeleton, glucose utilization, and prostaglandin synthesis in flight (n = 4) and ground controls (n = 4) were examined. The flown osteoblasts grew slowly in microgravity with total cell number significantly reduced (55 +/- 6 vs 141 +/- 8 cells per microscopic field). The cytoskeleton of the flight osteoblasts had a reduced number of stress fibers and a unique abnormal morphology. Nuclei in the ground controls were large and round with punctate Hoechst staining of the DNA nucleosomes. The flight nuclei were 30% smaller than the controls (P 〈 0.0001) and oblong in shape, with fewer punctate areas. Due to their reduced numbers, the cells activated in microgravity used significantly less glucose than ground controls (80.2 +/- 0.7 vs 50.3 +/- 3.7 mg of glucose/dl remaining in the medium) and had reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis when compared to controls (57.3 +/- 17 vs 138.3 +/- 41 pmol/ml). Cell viability was normal since, on a per-cell basis, glucose use and prostaglandin synthesis were comparable for flight and ground samples. Taken together, these data suggest that growth activation in microgravity results in reduced growth, causing reduced glucose utilization and reduced prostaglandin synthesis, with significantly altered actin cytoskeleton in osteoblasts.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Experimental cell research (ISSN 0014-4827); Volume 224; 1; 103-9
    Format: text
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