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  • Articles  (419)
  • 2005-2009  (218)
  • 2000-2004  (201)
  • Computer Science  (332)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (85)
  • Information Science and Librarianship  (12)
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  • Articles  (419)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control States and Complete Agent Architectures (2001)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 17 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper presents a developing concept of mind defined in terms of external and internal niches. This perspective on mind is described primarily in terms of the niche space of control states and the design space of processes that may support such phenomena. A developing agent architecture, that can support motivation and other control states associated with mind, is presented. Different aspects of agent research are discussed in terms of three categories of agents. Each agent category is characterized primarily in terms of their task-related competencies and internal behaviors and discussed in terms of our taxonomy of control states. The concept of complete agents is then introduced. Goals are described in terms of their generation across a number of computational layers. Experimental analysis is provided on how these differing forms of behaviors can be cleanly integrated. This leads into a discussion on the nature of motivational states and the mechanisms used for making decisions and managing the sometimes-competitive nature of processes internal to a complex agent. The difficulty of evaluating complete agents is discussed from a number of perspectives. The paper concludes by considering future directions related to the computational modeling of emotions and the concept of synthetic mind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00167
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CREATING MEANINGFUL STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT IN WATERSHED PLANNING IN PIERCE COUNTY, WASHINGTON (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Since 1989, the government of Pierce County, Washington, has prepared four watershed action plans. The watersheds cover almost 800,000 acres and include about 600,000 residents and diverse land uses, from the city of Tacoma to Mount Rainier National Park. The primary purpose of these plans was to address water quality impacts from nonpoint sources of pollution and to protect beneficial uses of water. Pierce County has experienced problems such as shellfish bed closures and the Federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) listing of local water bodies as a result of declining water quality. Pierce County achieved improvements by engaging diverse groups of stakeholders in generating solutions to nonpoint sources of water pollution through our watershed planning process. Using participatory methods borrowed from private industry, Pierce County was able to reach consensus, build trust, maximize participation, facilitate learning, encourage creativity, develop partnerships, shorten time frames for the planning processes, and increase the level of commitment participants had to implementing the plans. As a result, the earliest plans have a high rate of voluntary implementation. This indicates that the process and methodology used to develop watershed plans has a significant, if not critical, impact on their success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb05539.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THREE-DIMENSIONAL KRIGING ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT MERCURY DISTRIBUTION: A CASE STUDY (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This study presents an application of a three-dimensional kriging technique to estimate spatial distribution of total mercury (Hg) in the Cedar-Ortega Rivers watershed located in the lower St. Johns River basin, Florida. The kriging procedures, including preliminary data analysis, structural data analysis and the log kriging estimation, are presented. Results show watershed wide Hg contamination of river sediment to a depth of 1.0 m. A three-dimensional plot of Hg against the Florida Sediment Assessment Guidelines (i.e., the probable effect level or PEL) demonstrates that the Cedar River is more contaminated with Hg than the rest of the watershed. The maximum sediment depth with Hg concentrations above PEL value (0.696 mg/kg) is 1.5 m. Hg concentrations at or above this level could pose a significant hazard to aquatic organisms. Analysis of the spatial distribution of Hg in the watershed finds multiple input sources. This study suggests that there is a need to identify the major sources of Hg in the watershed, and to determine the pathways that allow Hg to enter the river.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03685.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESCHERICHIA COLI SURVIVAL IN MANTLED KARST SPRINGS AND STREAMS, NORTHWEST ARKANSAS OZARKS, USA (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Recent studies indicate fecal coliform bacterial concentrations, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), characteristically vary by several orders of magnitude, depending on the hydrology of storm recharge and discharge. E. coli concentrations in spring water increase rapidly during the rising limb of a storm hydrograph, peak prior to or coincident with the peak of the storm pulse, and decline rapidly, well before the recession of the storm hydrograph. This suggests E. coli are associated with resuspension of sediment during the onset of turbulent flow, and indicates viable bacteria reside within the spring and stream sediments. E. coli inoculated chambers were placed in spring and stream environments within the mantled karst of northwest Arkansas to assess long term (〉 75 days) E. coli viability. During the 75-day study, a 4-log die-off of E. coli was observed for chambers placed in the Illinois River, and a 5-log die-off for chambers placed in Copperhead Spring. Extrapolation of the regression line for each environment indicates E. coli concentration would reach 1 most probable number (MPN)/100 g sediment at Copperhead Spring in about 105 days, and about 135 days in the Illinois River, based on a starting inoculation of 2.5 × 107 MPN E. coli/100 g of sediment. These in situ observations indicate it is possible for E. coli to survive in these environments for at least four months with no fresh external inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03800.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of facility size on manufacturing structure and performance (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 105 (2005), S. 1022-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Purpose - There has been considerable discussion over the last several years concerning the size of manufacturing facilities and their productivity. Anecdotal evidence suggests that smaller facilities are more productive than larger facilities since they tend to be more focused on a smaller set of products. The assumption is that as facilities become larger, they lose their focus by expanding their product mix and as a result, productivity suffers. Very little empirical evidence exists to support this idea. Design/methodology/approach - In an attempt to bring some empirical clarity to this question, a study was conducted involving over 300 US manufacturing facilities of various sizes, as measured by number of employees. The performance level of each facility was estimated through the use of 29 performance indicators. A statistical analysis was conducted addressing the relationship between facility size and performance. Findings - While some differences in operating characteristics between the two groups were found, only a few significant differences in performance were found. Results of this data analysis do not support the general suggestion that small facilities are more productive than larger facilities. Research limitations/implications - Since respondents spanned all manufacturing industries, there may be some differences in certain industries that are not reflected due to the cross-industry nature of this study. Also, the responses to the items were all perceptual based on a seven-point Likert scale. There were no objective measures included because of the incomparability between industries, particularly for performance measures. Originality/value - Results of this study can provide valuable insight into the relationship between facility size and productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635570510624428
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODIFICATION OF NEILL'S EQUATION FOR STORM-TIDE DESIGN FLOW ANALYSIS (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Design of bridges spanning tidal estuaries or bays requires an estimate of peak tidal flow. One common approach to estimating these flows (Neill's method) uses a first-order approximation of uniform water surface rise in the water body. For larger water bodies, the assumptions of this method are decreasingly valid. This study develops a simple modification that accounts for the spatial variability in the response of tidal waterways to storm surge flows. The peak tidal flow predicted by Neill's equation is compared to the peak flow determined by numerical simulation of estuaries with simple geometries, ranging from 1 to 25 km in length, using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one-dimensional unsteady flow model, UNET. Results indicate that, under certain conditions, it may be appropriate to apply a correction factor to the peak discharge and peak velocity predicted by Neill's method. An algorithm, developed by nonlinear regression, is presented for computing correction factors based on estuary length, shape, mean depth, and storm-tide characteristics. The results should permit the design of more reliable, cost-effective structures by providing more realistic estimates of the potential for bridge scour in tidal waterways, especially when a full solution of the unsteady flow equations is impractical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01551.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-time queueing theory: A tutorial presentation with an admission control application (2000)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 35 (2000), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Keywords: queueing theory ; real-time ; admission control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Real-time scheduling, or scheduling with respect to a deadline, is critical in many application areas such as telecommunications, control systems, and manufacturing. This paper presents a novel approach to real-time scheduling based on a queueing theory model. Using real-time queueing theory (RTQT), one can analytically determine the distribution of the lead-time profile (i.e., the time until the deadline is reached) of customers waiting for service. Emphasis is placed on the development of the equations used to determine the lead-time profile distribution. The development of the GI/G/1 case is presented and confirmed using simulation. Simulation results confirm prior research for the M/M/1 and GI/M/1 case. As a practical application, RTQT is used to implement a packet admission control algorithm for a telecommunications network. Using this algorithm, packet lateness was reduced by up to 31%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019177624198
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manufacturing strategic facility types (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Industrial management & data systems 104 (2004), S. 490-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-5577
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: A major decision area for manufacturing firms is the strategy that assigns specific products, processes, customers, and markets to individual facilities within multi-facility firms. No empirical studies have been reported that identify differentiating factors in manufacturing structures or overall facility strategies. Based on responses from 305 plants, this research empirically determines the major dimensions differentiating manufacturing facility structures. Most of these support previous theories of decisions being made on differences in products, processes, materials, and customers/markets. Strategic groupings are determined and defined as "standardizers", "customizers", and automators". Differences in each of these groupings are investigated for competitive priorities and performance indicators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635570410543799
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feature Selection vs Theory Reformulation: A Study of Genetic Refinement of Knowledge-based Neural Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Machine learning 38 (2000), S. 89-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: theory refinement ; theory reformulation ; feature selection ; knowledge-based neural networks ; genetic algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Expert classification systems have proven themselves effective decision makers for many types of problems. However, the accuracy of such systems is often highly dependent upon the accuracy of a human expert's domain theory. When human experts learn or create a set of rules, they are subject to a number of hindrances. Most significantly experts are, to a greater or lesser extent, restricted by the tradition of scholarship which has preceded them and by an inability to examine large amounts of data in a rigorous fashion without the effects of boredom or frustration. As a result, human theories are often erroneous or incomplete. To escape this dependency, machine learning systems have been developed to automatically refine and correct an expert's domain theory. When theory revision systems are applied to expert theories, they often concentrate on the reformulation of the knowledge provided rather than on the reformulation or selection of input features. The general assumption seems to be that the expert has already selected the set of features that will be most useful for the given task. That set may, however, be suboptimal. This paper studies theory refinement and the relative benefits of applying feature selection versus more extensive theory reformulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007634023329
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-time multiple vehicle detection and tracking from a moving vehicle (2000)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 12 (2000), S. 69-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Key words: Real-time computer vision – Vehicle detection and tracking – Object recognition under ego-motion – Intelligent vehicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. A real-time vision system has been developed that analyzes color videos taken from a forward-looking video camera in a car driving on a highway. The system uses a combination of color, edge, and motion information to recognize and track the road boundaries, lane markings and other vehicles on the road. Cars are recognized by matching templates that are cropped from the input data online and by detecting highway scene features and evaluating how they relate to each other. Cars are also detected by temporal differencing and by tracking motion parameters that are typical for cars. The system recognizes and tracks road boundaries and lane markings using a recursive least-squares filter. Experimental results demonstrate robust, real-time car detection and tracking over thousands of image frames. The data includes video taken under difficult visibility conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001380050126
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