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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ocean dynamics (2012)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI A6-12-0045
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: - PART I FUNDAMENTAL LAWS. - 1 Preliminaries. - 2 Conservation laws for moving fluids. - PART II COMMON APPROXIMATIONS. - 3 Approximations derived from mode filtering. - 4 Approximations relating to density changes and geometric conditions. - 5 Geostrophic and quasi-geostrophic motions. - PART III OCEAN WAVES. - 6 Sound waves. - 7 Gravity waves. - 8 Long waves. - 9 Lagrangian theory of ocean waves. - 10 Forced waves. - PART IV OCEANIC TURBULENCE AND EDDIES. - 11 Small-scale turbulence. - 12 Geostrophic turbulence. - PART V ASPECTS OF OCEAN CIRCULATION THEORY. - 13 Forcing of the Ocean. - 14 The wind-driven circulation. - 15 The meridional overturning of the oceans. - 16 The circulation of the Southern Ocean. - PART VI APPENDIX. - A Mathematical basics. - B Models of the ocean circulation.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ocean Dynamics is a concise introduction to the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the common approximations for geophysical fluid dynamics and presents a comprehensive approach to large-scale ocean circulation theory. Each of the five parts of the book - fundamental laws, common approximations, ocean waves, oceanic turbulence and eddies, and selected aspects of ocean circulation theory - starts with elementary considerations, blending then classical topics with more advanced developments of fluid mechanics and theoretical oceanography for the respective field.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxiii, 704 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    ISBN: 9783642234491
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
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    Model-based estimate of the heat budget in the East China Sea (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-25
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 3
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    A Dynamically Consistent Closure for Zonally Averaged Ocean Models (2011)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-01
    Description: Simple idealized layered models and primitive equation models show that the meridional gradient of the zonally averaged pressure has no direct relation with the meridional flow. This demonstrates a contradiction in an often-used parameterization in zonally averaged models. The failure of this parameterization reflects the inconsistency between the model of Stommel and Arons and the box model of Stommel, as previously pointed out by Straub. A new closure is proposed. The ocean is divided in two dynamically different regimes: a narrow western boundary layer and an interior ocean; zonally averaged quantities over these regions are considered. In the averaged equations three unknowns appear: the interior zonal pressure difference Δpi, the zonal pressure difference Δpb of the boundary layer, and the zonal velocity uδ at the interface between the two regions. Here Δpi is parameterized using a frictionless vorticity balance, Δpb by the difference of the mean pressure in the interior and western boundary, and uδ by the mean zonal velocity of the western boundary layer. Zonally resolved models, a layer model, and a primitive equation model validate the new parameterization by comparing with the respective zonally averaged counterparts. It turns out that the zonally averaged models reproduce well the buoyancy distribution and the meridional flow in the zonally resolved model versions with respect to the mean and time changes.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 4
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    On the Driving Mechanism of the Annual Cycle of the Florida Current Transport (2012)
    American Meteorological Society
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-01
    Description: The mechanisms involved in setting the annual cycle of the Florida Current transport are revisited using an adjoint model approach. Adjoint sensitivities of the Florida Current transport to wind stress reproduce a realistic seasonal cycle with an amplitude of ~1.2 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). The annual cycle is predominantly determined by wind stress forcing and related coastal upwelling (downwelling) north of the Florida Strait along the shelf off the North American coast. Fast barotropic waves propagate these anomalies southward and reach the Florida Strait within a month, causing an amplitude of ~1 Sv. Long baroclinic planetary Rossby waves originating from the interior are responsible for an amplitude of ~0.8 Sv but have a different phase. The sensitivities corresponding to the first baroclinic mode propagate westward and are highly influenced by topography. Considerable sensitivities are only found west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with maximum values at the western shelf edge. The second baroclinic mode also has an impact on the Florida Current variability, but only when a mean flow is present. A second-mode wave train propagates southwestward from the ocean bottom on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between ~36° and 46°N and at Flemish Cap, where the mean flow interacts with topography, to the surface. Other processes such as baroclinic waves along the shelf and local forcing within the Florida Strait are of minor importance.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 5
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    Anisotropic Rotational and Isotropic Residual Isopycnal Mesoscale Eddy Fluxes (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-01
    Description: In the generalized temporal residual mean (TRM-G) framework, the diapycnal rotational eddy fluxes are defined such that the residual divergent diapycnal eddy flux is related to irreversible changes of buoyancy, that is, diapycnal mixing (or temporal changes of variance and higher order moments) only. Here, it is discussed that for the isopycnal eddy fluxes a similar physically meaningful property exists: rotational isopycnal eddy fluxes can be defined in TRM-G such that the residual divergent part of the flux is related to removal of mean available potential energy and transfer to eddy energy only, that is, to the classical picture of eddy activity. In two idealized eddying models, both featuring strong mesoscale eddy-driven zonal jets, large isopycnal eddy fluxes are circulating at the flanks of the jets. The residual isopycnal eddy fluxes, however, are predominantly meridional and thus downgradient, indicating vanishing anisotropic mixing of isopycnal thickness, consistent with the classical picture of eddy-driven overturning by baroclinic instability in jets. Using isotropic thickness mixing—standard in ocean models—appears therefore as sufficient in this model diagnosis.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 6
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    Multidecadal CO2uptake variability of the North Atlantic (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-22
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 7
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    Toward Energetically Consistent Ocean Models (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-26
    Description: Possibilities to construct a realistic quasi-global ocean model in Boussinesq approximation with a closed energy cycle are explored in this study. In such a model, the energy related to the mean variables would interact with all parameterized forms of energy without any spurious energy sources or sinks. This means that the energy available for interior mixing in the ocean would be only controlled by external energy input from the atmosphere and the tidal system and by internal exchanges. In the current implementation of such a consistent model, however, numerical biases and sources due to the nonlinear equation of state violate energy conservation, resulting in an overall residual up to several percent. In three (approximately) consistent model versions with different scenarios of mesoscale eddy dissipation, the parameterized internal wave field provides between 2 and 3 TW for interior mixing from the total external energy input of about 4 TW, such that a transfer between 0.3 and 0.4 TW into mean potential energy contributes to drive the large-scale circulation in the model. In contrast, the wind work on the mean circulation contributes by about 1.8 TW to the large-scale circulation in all model versions. It is shown that the consistent model versions are more energetic than standard and inconsistent model versions and in better agreement with hydrographic observations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 8
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    Evaluating Different Parameterizations for Mixed Layer Eddy Fluxes induced by Baroclinic Instability (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-01
    Description: In this study, the authors discuss two different parameterizations for the effect of mixed layer eddies, one based on ageostrophic linear stability analysis (ALS) and the other one based on a scaling of the potential energy release by eddies (PER). Both parameterizations contradict each other in two aspects. First, they predict different functional relationships between the magnitude of the eddy fluxes and the Richardson number (Ri) related to the background state. Second, they also predict different vertical structure functions for the horizontal eddy fluxes. Numerical simulations for two different configurations and for a large range of different background conditions are used to evaluate the parameterizations. It turns out that PER is better suited to capture the Ri dependency of the magnitude of the eddy fluxes. On the other hand, the vertical structure of the meridional eddy fluxes predicted by ALS is more accurate than that of PER, while the vertical structure of the vertical eddy fluxes is well predicted by both parameterizations. Therefore, this study suggests the use of the magnitude of PER and the vertical structure functions of ALS for an improved parameterization of mixed layer eddy fluxes.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Stability Analysis of the Labrador Current (2014)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Mooring observations and model simulations point to an instability of the Labrador Current (LC) during winter, with enhanced eddy kinetic energy (EKE) at periods between 2 and 5 days and much less EKE during other seasons. Linear stability analysis using vertical shear and stratification from the model reveals three dominant modes of instability in the LC: 1) a balanced interior mode with along-flow wavelengths of about 30–45 km, phase velocities of 0.3 m s−1, maximal growth rates of 1 day−1, and surface-intensified but deep-reaching amplitudes; 2) a balanced shallow mode with along-flow wavelengths of about 0.3–1.5 km, phase velocities of 0.55 m s−1, about 3 times larger growth rates, but amplitudes confined to the mixed layer (ML); and 3) an unbalanced symmetric mode with the largest growth rates, vanishing phase speeds, and along-flow structure, and very small cross-flow wavelengths, also confined to the ML. Both balanced modes are akin to baroclinic instability but operate at moderate-to-small Richardson numbers Ri with much larger growth rates as for the quasigeostrophic limit of Ri ≫ 1. The interior mode is found to be responsible for the instability of the LC during winter. Weak stratification and enhanced vertical shear due to local buoyancy loss and the advection of convective water masses from the interior result in small Ri within the LC and up to 3 times larger growth rates of the interior mode in March compared to summer and fall conditions. Both the shallow and the symmetric modes are not resolved by the model, but it is suggested that they might also play an important role for the instability in the LC and for lateral mixing.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 10
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    A Global Model for the Diapycnal Diffusivity Induced by Internal Gravity Waves (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-01
    Description: An energetically consistent model for the diapycnal diffusivity induced by breaking of internal gravity waves is proposed and tested in local and global settings. The model [Internal Wave Dissipation, Energy and Mixing (IDEMIX)] is based on the spectral radiation balance of the wave field, reduced by integration over the wavenumber space, which yields a set of balances for energy density variables in physical space. A further simplification results in a single partial differential equation for the total energy density of the wave field. The flux of energy to high vertical wavenumbers is parameterized by a functional derived from the wave–wave scattering integral of resonant wave triad interactions, which also forms the basis for estimates of dissipation rates and related diffusivities of ADCP and hydrography fine-structure data. In the current version of IDEMIX, the wave energy is forced by wind-driven near-inertial motions and baroclinic tides, radiating waves from the respective boundary layers at the surface and the bottom into the ocean interior. The model predicts plausible magnitudes and three-dimensional structures of internal wave energy, dissipation rates, and diapycnal diffusivities in rough agreement to observational estimates. IDEMIX is ready for use as a mixing module in ocean circulation models and can be extended with more spectral components.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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