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  • 1
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    Magnetopause response to variations in the solar wind: Conjunction observations between Cluster, TC-1, and SuperDARN (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: How the solar wind affects the location of the magnetopause has been widely studied and excellent models of the magnetopause based on in situ observations in the solar wind and at the magnetopause have been established, while the careful insight into the responses of the magnetopause to the variations in the solar wind can still provide us some new information about the processes in space plasmas. The short distance from Cluster to TC-1 on 9 March 2004, between 06:10 and 08:10 UT, gives us a good opportunity to precisely monitor the responses of the magnetopause to the variations in the solar wind. On the basis of the combined observations between Cluster, TC-1, and SuperDARN we analyze the magnetopause crossings associated with magnetopause motion or magnetic reconnection when the solar wind conditions have a series of variations. New results about the time delays for the propagation from the solar wind monitor to the magnetopause of the interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF) and of the solar wind dynamic pressure, respectively, and the intrinsic time for reconnection onset at the magnetopause are obtained. The most important feature of the event is that the dynamic pressure and the IMF in the solar wind do not arrive at the magnetopause at the same time, which will direct us to find out how the variation in the solar wind dynamic pressure is transported from the bow shock to the magnetopause. Another significant feature is that this event presents a shorter intrinsic time, ∼2 min, for reconnection onset at the dayside magnetopause than that given by the previous work of Le et al. (1993) and Russell et al. (1997).
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Spatial gradients from irregular, multiple-point spacecraft configurations (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-14
    Description: We present a generalized multipoint analysis of physical quantities, such as magnetic field and plasma flow, based on spatial gradient properties, where the multipoint data may be taken by irregular (distorted) configurations of any number of spacecraft. The methodology is modified from a previous, fully 3-D gradient analysis technique, designed to apply strictly to 4-point measurements and to be stable for regular spacecraft configurations. Here, we adapt the method to be tolerant against distorted configurations and to return a partial result when fewer spacecraft measurements are available. We apply the method to a variety of important physical quantities, such as the electric current density and the vorticity of plasma flows based on Cluster and THEMIS multiple-point measurements. The method may also have valuable applications on the coming Swarm mission.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    TC-1 observations of a flux rope: Generation by multiple X line reconnection (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: On 29 December 2004 the Double Star TC-1 satellite most probably stays close to a reconnection line for about 20 min. The direction of the X line can be evaluated according to the component merging model. During the time of observations, TC-1 also detects a flux transfer event (FTE). It is found that the FTE axis is parallel to such an X line. This observation is more in favor of the single X line and the multiple X lines FTE models, rather than the original Russell and Elphic model. Moreover, particular features of the ion distribution functions and the plasma behavior near the FTE seem to be more consistent with a multiple X line generation mechanism. The period under study is characterized by a large and negative Earth's dipole tilt, and the reconnection line close to TC-1 is found to follow the magnetic equator, passing northward of the subsolar/stagnation point. These facts lead to speculate that the FTE is generated when a secondary X line, probably passing through the subsolar/stagnation point and with approximately the same orientation of the X line near TC-1, is activated southward of TC-1.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
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    Transient Pc3 wave activity generated by a hot flow anomaly: Cluster, Rosetta, and ground-based observations (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Pc3 pulsations are observed in the magnetosphere with wave periods of 10–45 s. Two distinct populations have been observed; one exhibits a frequency dependence on the solar wind magnetic field strength, whereas the other does not. The first population is explained in terms of a model where the bow shock reflects ions which generate upstream foreshock ULF waves. These waves are convected through the shock to the dayside magnetopause and thus to the magnetosphere. The source of the second population is not well understood. In this paper we examine the generation of a transient patch of Pc3 wave activity due to a hot flow anomaly (HFA) using a unique spacecraft conjunction that occurred during the first Earth flyby of the Rosetta spacecraft. Cluster, upstream of the bow shock and close to the Sun-Earth line observed an HFA. At this time Rosetta was nearing closest approach and together with ground magnetometer stations, observed a transient interval of Pc3 wave activity. Analysis also shows that the Pc3 waves occurred in the absence of a ULF wavefield just upstream of the bow shock. This result shows that HFAs can be a source of Pc3 wave activity, and may explain in part the origin of the second population of Pc3 waves. It also demonstrates in new detail the manner in which kinetic physics at the bow shock, driven by structure in the solar wind, can influence magnetospheric dynamics.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
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    The magnetic configuration of the high-latitude cusp and dayside magnetopause under strong magnetic shears (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-27
    Description: This paper investigates the structure of the magnetic field near the magnetopause (MP) by analyzing the multiple-point magnetic measurements from the Cluster mission. In this paper, the spatial distribution of the curvature radius of the MP surface at the noon-midnight meridian and for situations with moderate dynamical pressure of solar wind is implied from direct measurements of magnetic field curvature for the first time. The investigation focused on conditions of strong magnetic shear and in which a clear boundary layer is present at the MP. It has been confirmed that the magnetic field lines surrounding the cusp bend sunward at the precusp region and tailward at the postcusp region, implying the existence of a cusp field indentation. The minimum curvature radius of the near-MP field at both precusp and postcusp regions is about 2 RE. As the latitude decreases, the curvature radius at the MP increases gradually, so that, as the subsolar point is approached, the curvature radius of the MP is nearly equal to the geocentric distance. These results compare well with existing MP models but reveal the limitations inherent in such statistical estimates of local MP curvature, particularly surrounding the cusp regions. The analysis of the magnetic measurements has also verified the existence of the magnetic bottles at both precusp and postcusp regions, which may play a role for the trapping of the charged particles of magnetosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Multiple responses of magnetotail to the enhancement and fluctuation of solar wind dynamic pressure and the southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-21
    Description: During the interval from 06:15 to 07:30 UT on 24 August 2005, the Chinese Tan-Ce 1 (TC1) satellite observed the multiple responses of the near-Earth magnetotail to the combined changes in solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The magnetotail was highly compressed by a strong interplanetary shock because of the dynamic pressure enhancement (∼15 nPa), and the large shrinkage of magnetotail made a northern lobe and plasma mantle move inward to the position of the inbound TC1 that was initially in the plasma sheet. Meanwhile, the dynamic pressure fluctuations (∼0.5–3 nPa) behind the shock drove the quasi-periodic oscillations of the magnetopause, lobe-mantle boundary, and geomagnetic field at the same frequencies: one dominant frequency was around 3 mHz and the other was around 5 mHz. The quasi-periodic oscillations of the lobe-mantle boundary caused the alternate entries of TC1 into the northern lobe and the plasma mantle. In contrast to a single squeezed or deformed magnetotail by a solar wind discontinuity moving tailward, the compressed and oscillating magnetotail can better indicate the dynamic evolution of magnetotail when solar wind dynamic pressure increases and fluctuates remarkably, and the near-Earth magnetotail is quite sensitive even to some small changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure when it is highly compressed. Furthermore, it is found that a considerable amount of oxygen ions (O+) appeared in the lobe after the southward turning of IMF.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
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    Space magnetometer based on an anisotropic magnetoresistive hybrid sensor (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-25
    Description: We report on the design and development of a low resource, dual sensor vector magnetometer for space science applications on very small spacecraft. It is based on a hybrid device combining an orthogonal triad of commercial anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors with a totem pole H-Bridge drive on a ceramic substrate. The drive enables AMR operation in the more sensitive flipped mode and this is achieved without the need for current spike transmission down a sensor harness. The magnetometer has sensitivity of better than 3 nT in a 0–10 Hz band and a total mass of 104 g. Three instruments have been launched as part of the TRIO-CINEMA space weather mission, inter-calibration against the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model makes it possible to extract physical signals such as field-aligned current deflections of 20–60 nT within an approximately 45 000 nT ambient field.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Direct calculation of the Ring Current distribution and magnetic structure seen by Cluster during Geomagnetic Storms (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-16
    Description: Magnetic disturbances caused by the Earth's ring current, particularly during storm time activity, have a dominant effect on the geomagnetic field. Strong currents and large kinetic and magnetic energies can change considerably local field geometry, and depress the ground geomagnetic field. The multi-spacecraft magnetic measurements of Cluster allow extensive in situ coverage of the ring current, We select 48 storm time Cluster crossing events to investigate the variation of the local current density distribution and magnetic configuration of the ring current. We find direct evidence for the existence of an inner, eastward flowing current in addition to the dominant westward current, in the ring plane. The radius of curvature of the magnetic field lines (MFLs) is found to be increasingly reduced at all local times during increasing storm activity, changing the resulting ring current magnetic geometry considerably, where the MFL configuration and the azimuthal current density distribution, are asymmetric with the local time. During similar storm activity the radius of curvature of the local MFLs, R C , is smallest on the nightside to duskside, medium on the dawnside, and largest on the dayside. This change in geometry may have significant influence on the spatial distribution of the particles with various energies in the plasmasphere, ring current and radiation belts.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    The Force-free Configuration of Flux Ropes in Geomagnetotail: Cluster Observations (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-06
    Description: Unambiguous knowledge of magnetic field structure and the electric current distribution is critical for understanding the origin, evolution and related dynamic properties of magnetic flux ropes (MFRs). In this paper, a survey of 13 MFRs in the Earth's magnetotail are conducted by Cluster multi-point analysis, so that their force-free feature, i.e., the kind of magnetic field structure satisfying J  ×  B  =  0 , can be probed directly. It is showed that the selected flux ropes with the bipolar signature of the South–north magnetic field component generally lie near the equatorial plane, as expected, and that the magnetic field gradient is rather weak near the axis center, where the curvature radius is large. The current density (up to several tens of nA/m 2 ) reach their maximum values as the center is approached. It is found that the stronger the current density, the smaller the angles between the magnetic field and current in MFRs. The direct observations show that only quasi force-free structure is observed and it tends to appear in the low plasma beta regime (in agreement with the theoretic results). The quasi force-free region is generally found to be embedded in the central portion of the MFRs, where the current is approximately field-aligned and proportional to the strength of core field. It is shown that, ~60% of surveyed MFRs can be globally approximated as force-free. The force-free factor α is found to be non-constantly varied through the quasi force-free MFR, suggesting that the force-free structure is non-linear.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Spatial gradients from irregular, multiple-point spacecraft configurations (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-03
    Description: [1]  We present a generalized multipoint analysis of physical quantities, such as magnetic field and plasma flow, based on spatial gradient properties, where the multipoint data may be taken by irregular (distorted) configurations of any number of spacecraft. The methodology is modified from a previous, fully 3-D gradient analysis technique, designed to apply strictly to 4-point measurements and to be stable for regular spacecraft configurations. Here, we adapt the method to be tolerant against distorted configurations and to return a partial result when fewer spacecraft measurements are available. We apply the method to a variety of important physical quantities, such as the electric current density and the vorticity of plasma flows based on Cluster and THEMIS multiple-point measurements. The method may also have valuable applications on the coming Swarm mission.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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