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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: After an initial stone episode persons are at increased risk for future stone formation. A systematic approach is required to monitor the efficacy of treatment and preventive measures, and to assess the risk of developing new stones. This is important for persons working in critical jobs or austere environments, such as astronauts. A literature review of the current standards of care for renal stone monitoring and imaging was done. Military and civil aviation standards were also reviewed, as well as the medical precedents from the space program. Additionally, a new, more effective, renal stone ultrasound protocol has been developed. Using this work, a monitoring algorithm was proposed that takes into consideration the unique mission and operational environment of spaceflight. The approach to imaging persons with history of renal stones varies widely in the literature. Imaging is often done yearly or biannually, which may be too long for mission critical personnel. In the proposed algorithm astronauts with a history of renal stone, who may be under consideration for assignment, are imaged by a detailed, physiciandriven, ultrasound protocol. Unassigned personnel are monitored by yearly ultrasound and urine studies. Any positive ultrasound study is then followed by low-dose renal computed tomography scan. Other criteria are also established. The proposed algorithm provides a balanced approach between efficacy and reduced radiation exposure for the monitoring of astronauts with a renal stone history. This may eventually allow a transition from a risk-averse, to a risk-modifying approach that can enable continued service of individuals with history of renal stone that have adequately controlled risk factors.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-29923 , Aerospace Medical Association Annual Scientific Meeting; May 11, 2014 - May 15, 2014; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: There are no specific guidelines for the management of renal stones in astronauts. Given the increased risk for bone loss, hypercalcuria, and stone formation due to microgravity, a clinical practice guideline is needed. Methods An extensive review of the literature and current aeromedical standards for the management of renal stones was done. The NASA Flight Medicine Clinic's electronic medical record and Longitudinal Survey of Astronaut Health were also reviewed. This information was used to create an algorithm for the management of renal stones in astronauts. Results Guidelines are proposed based on accepted standards of care, with consideration to the environment of spaceflight. In a usual medical setting, asymptomatic, small stones less than 7 mm are often observed over time. Given the constraints of schedule, and the risks to crew health and mission, this approach is too liberal. An upper limit of 3 mm stone diameter was adopted before requiring intervention, because this is the largest size that has a significant chance of spontaneous passage on its own. Other specific guidelines were also created. Discussion The spaceflight environment requires more aggressive treatment than would otherwise be found with the usual practice of medicine. A small stone can become a major problem because it may ultimately require medical evacuation from orbit. Thus renal stones are a significant mission threat and should be managed in a systematic way to mitigate risks to crew health and mission success.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-29905 , Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association; May 11, 2014 - May 15, 2014; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Porites colonensis es un coral del mar Caribe cuyas colonias son foliosas, onduladas, en forma de plato y los pólipos de coloración parda o rojiza, con centro blanco o verde fosforescente; sus coralitos presentan pali y su plan septal es bisimétrico, con tres septos fusionados en la zona ventral, un septo dorsal solitario y dos pares de septos laterales a cada lado del eje dorso-ventral. Esta especie es similar a variedades planas de Porites astreoides y Porites branneri, con quienes puede ser confundido. Para Colombia existen tres ejemplares previamente identificados como P. colonensis, colectados en el Golfo de Urabá (ecorregión Darién), Islas del Rosario (ecorregión Archipiélagos Coralinos) y otro sin localidad especificada, además de una observación publicada para el Golfo de Urabá sin ejemplares colectados. Un encuentro reciente de otros ejemplares en el Parque Natural Nacional Tayrona (PNNT, ecorregión Tayrona) y la ausencia de un estudio taxonómico riguroso para todos los ejemplares colectados en Colombia, mostraron la necesidad de revisar la presencia y distribución de P. colonensis en el Caribe colombiano. Con base en la literatura taxonómica reciente de P. colonensis y sus especies similares, se realizó una revisión taxonómica de todos los ejemplares colectados en Colombia e identificados previamente como P. colonensis y se describió la variabilidad morfológica de los ejemplares que sí correspondieron a la especie. Se encontró que sólo los especímenes del PNNT coincidieron con la descripción del holotipo de P. colonensis, mientras los otros correspondieron a variedades planas de P. astreoides. Así, la presencia de P. colonensis es confirmada por primera vez en Colombia, pero su presencia en otras localidades diferentes a la ecorregión Tayrona no pudo demostrarse. Este registro es el único confirmado para toda la plataforma continental sudamericana. Adicionalmente, los especímenes colombianos de P. colonensis presentaron una gran variabilidad en las características esqueléticas de sus coralitos, sobrepasando los rangos morfológicos descritos anteriormente para la especie.
    Description: Porites colonensis is a coral from the Caribbean Sea; colonies are foliaceous, undulated, and plate-like. Polyps are dark brown or red with small bright white or green centers; pali are present in corallites and the septal plan is bisymmetrical, conformed by three fused ventral septa, a dorsal solitary septum, and two pairs of lateral septa at each side of the dorso-ventral axis. P. colonensis is similar and can be confused with the smooth varieties of Porites astreoides and Porites branneri. There are three specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis: one from Golfo de Urabá (Darién ecoregion), other from Islas del Rosario (Coralline Archipelagos ecoregion), and another from an unspecified locality, in addition to one published observation from the Golfo de Urabá without collected specimens. A recent finding of other specimens in the Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP, Tayrona ecoregion) and the absence of a rigorous taxonomic revision for all specimens collected from Colombia showed that it was necessary to review the presence and distribution of P. colonensis in the Colombian Caribbean. A taxonomic review was done for all specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis. Then, the morphologic variability of specimens that were confirmed as P. colonensis was described. Only the specimens from TNNP agreed with the holotype description of P. colonensis, while others agreed with flat varieties of P. astreoides. Thus, the presence of P. colonensis is confirmed for the first time for Colombia, but its presence in other Colombian localities outside Tayrona ecoregion could not be demonstrated. This is the only confirmed record of this species for the South American continental shelf. Furthermore, the skeletal characteristics of Colombian P. colonensis corallites showed large variability, exceeding the ranges previously described for the species.
    Description: Published
    Description: Porites colonensis, Biogeographical range, Morphological variability
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Coral ; Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se evaluaron 20 formaciones coralinas del área de Santa Marta en términos de: 1) composición y abundancia de los componentes del sustrato y 2) prevalencia de enfermedades coralinas y blanqueamiento. Para obtener la información se utilizaron bandas de 10 x 1 m y 10 x 2 m respectivamente. Se registró un total de 33 especies de corales duros. Las algas y los corales fueron los componentes de mayor cobertura, sin embargo sus promedios variaron ampliamente en el área de estudio (coral= 4.0 ± 0.9 %-62.0 ± 7.2 %; algas = 30.6 ± 11.0 %-78.3 ± 3.0 %). Las especies de coral con coberturas promedio más altas fueron Colpophyllia natans, Diploria strigosa, Acropora palmata y Montastraea cavernosa (7.5 ± 2.7 %, 6.7 ± 2.1 %, 4.0 ± 2.8 % y 3.8 ± 1.0 %, respectivamente). La prevalencia de enfermedades y blanqueamiento fue menor al 4 %. Las formaciones con coberturas de coral más altas se encontraron asociadas al Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (Gayraca, Aguja, Chengue y Neguanje), mientras que las menores coberturas coralinas se hallaron cercanas a los centros urbanos (Santa Marta y El Rodadero). Aunque existen formaciones coralinas en buen estado en el área de Santa Marta, la tendencia generalizada es que las algas sean el componente predominante del sustrato arrecifal.
    Description: Twenty coral formations were evaluated in the area of Santa Marta in terms of: 1) composition and abundance of the principal substrate categories and 2) prevalence of coral diseases and bleaching. To obtain the information, bands of 10 x 1 m and 10 x 2 m were used, respectively. A total of 33 species of hard corals were registered. Algae and corals were the components with major cover, nonetheless, averages varied widely in the study area (coral= 4.0 ± 0.9 %-62.0 ± 7.2 %; algae = 30.6 ± 11.0 %-78.3 ± 3.0 %). The coral species with the highest averages cover were Colpophyllia natans, Diploria strigosa, Acropora palmata, and Montastraea cavernosa (7.5 ± 2.7 %, 6.7 ± 2.1 %, 4.0 ± 2.8 %, and 3.8 ± 1.0 %, respectively). Prevalence of coral diseases and bleaching were lower than 4 %. The reefs with the highest coral covers were associated to the Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (Gayraca, Aguja, Chengue and Neguanje), whereas the lowest values were found near the urban centers (Santa Marta and El Rodadero). Even though there are some coral reefs showing relatively good conditions in the area of Santa Marta, the widespread trend is that algae are the predominant component of reef substratum.
    Description: Published
    Description: Coral formations, Status, Spatial distribution
    Keywords: Coral
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los octocorales están siendo incluidos en una variedad de estudios a nivel mundial, buscando el análisis de su taxonomía, ecología, biogeografía, genética, geoquímica, entre otros. El estudio que se describe a continuación incluye las muestras recolectadas durante las exploraciones llevadas a cabo por el Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR entre 1998 y 2002 desde aguas someras (20 m) hasta profundidades de 500 m. Se examinaron un total de 280 lotes de museo. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en 32 estaciones distribuidas a lo largo del talud y la plataforma continental del Caribe colombiano. Se reconocieron un total de 44 especies; 21 de ellas identificadas a nivel de especie y 23 a nivel de género; se encuentran distribuidas en 22 géneros y nueve familias (Plexauridae, Gorgoniidae, Ellisellidae, Primnoidae, Anthothelidae, Clavulariidae, Keroeididae, Acanthogorgiidae, Chrysogorgiidae). Ocho especies y dos géneros son primeros registros para Colombia.
    Description: Octocorals are being included in a great variety of worldwide studies with the aim of analyzing taxonomy, ecology, biogeography, genetics and geochemistry, among other aspects. The study described here includes samples collected during the ‘Macrofauna’ explorations carried out by the Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR between 1998 and 2002 from shallow (20 m) to deep (500 m) waters. A total of 280 museum containers were examined. Samples were collected at 32 stations distributed along the continental shelf and upper slope of Colombian Caribbean. A total of 44 species have been recognized, 21 of them identified to species level and 23 to genus level; the species are included in 22 genera and nine families (Plexauridae, Gorgoniidae, Ellisellidae, Primnoidae, Anthothelidae, Clavulariidae, Keroeididae, Acanthogorgiidae, Chrysogorgiidae). Eight species and two genera are first records for Colombia.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Gorgonacea; Alcyonaria
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Coral
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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