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  • Wiley  (6)
  • Oxford University Press  (5)
  • Springer  (3)
  • Springer Nature  (3)
  • 2010-2014  (17)
  • 1
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    Optical properties of in-vitro biomineralised silica (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-30
    Description: Silicon is the second most common element on the Earth's crust and its oxide (SiO2) the most abundant mineral. Silica and silicates are widely used in medicine and industry as well as in micro- and nano-optics and electronics. However, the fabrication of glass fibres and components requires high temperature and non-physiological conditions, in contrast to biosilica structures in animals and plants. Here, we show for the first time the use of recombinant silicatein-α, the most abundant subunit of sponge proteins catalyzing biosilicification reactions, to direct the formation of optical waveguides in-vitro through soft microlithography. The artificial biosilica fibres mimic the natural sponge spicules, exhibiting refractive index values suitable for confinement of light within waveguides, with optical losses in the range of 5–10 cm−1, suitable for application in lab-on-chips systems. This method extends biosilicification to the controlled fabrication of optical components by physiological processing conditions, hardly addressed by conventional technologies. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00607
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Ophiobolin Sesterterpenoids and Pyrrolidine Alkaloids from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Aspergillus ustus (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-12
    Description: Chemical examination of the fungus Aspergillus ustus isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Suberites domuncula yielded the five new ophiobolin-type sesterterpenoids 1 – 5 and the two new pyrrolidine alkaloids 6 and 7 , together with the known compound aurantiamine and cerebroside D. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic-data analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and UV) and comparison with literature data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against murine lymphoma cell line L5178Y.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Identifying the pollen of an extinct spruce species in the Late Quaternary sediments of the Tunica Hills region, south-eastern United States (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: ABSTRACT Late Quaternary fluvial deposits in the Tunica Hills region of Louisiana and Mississippi are rich in spruce macrofossils of the extinct species Picea critchfieldii , the one recognized plant extinction of the Late Quaternary. However, the morphology of P. critchfieldii pollen is unknown, presenting a barrier to the interpretation of pollen spectra from the last glacial of North America. To address this issue, we undertook a morphometric study of Picea pollen from Tunica Hills. Morphometric data, together with qualitative observations of pollen morphology using Apotome fluorescence microscopy, indicate that Picea pollen from Tunica Hills is morphologically distinct from the pollen of P. glauca , P. mariana and P. rubens . Measurements of grain length, corpus width and corpus height indicate that Picea pollen from Tunica Hills is larger than the pollen of P. mariana and P. rubens , and is slightly larger than P. glauca pollen. We argue that the morphologically distinctive Tunica Hills Picea pollen was probably produced by the extinct spruce species P. critchfieldii . These morphological differences could be used to identify P. critchfieldii in existing and newly collected pollen records, which would refine its paleoecologic and biogeographic history and clarify the nature and timing of its extinction in the Late Quaternary.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8179
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1417
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Metal Salts of 4,5-Dinitro-1,3-imidazole as Colorants in Pyrotechnic Compositions (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 4,5-Dinitroimidazole ( 1 ) (4,5-DNI) was synthesized by nitration of commercially available 4-nitro-imidazole. Several alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts of 4,5-dinitro-1,3-imidazole were synthesized by reaction of DNI with stoichiometric amounts of the corresponding metal hydroxides and carbonates. The synthesized salts, LiDNI · 3H 2 O ( 2 ), NaDNI · H 2 O ( 3 ), KDNI · H 2 O ( 4 ), Ca(DNI) 2 · 5H 2 O ( 5 ), Sr(DNI) 2 · 3H 2 O ( 6 ), and Ba(DNI) 2 · 4H 2 O ( 7 ) were characterized comprehensively by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and vibrational (IR/Raman) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A detailed description of their potential use as flame colorants in pyrotechnical compositions is also given. Their color properties regarding the dominant wavelength, spectral purity, luminous intensity and luminous efficiency were measured. Last but not least the investigated salts were found to be insensitive in terms of friction and impact tested with BAM methods.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Single-molecule analysis of transcription factor binding at transcription sites in live cells (2014)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-20
    Description: Article Despite numerous previous studies, the nature of the interaction of transcription factors (TF) with their endogenous response elements (REs) has remained unclear. Here the authors characterize the binding of p53 and glucocorticoid receptor to their endogenous REs and find that transcriptionally productive interactions are transient and involve only a small fraction of cellular TF molecules. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms5456 Authors: Tatsuya Morisaki, Waltraud G. Müller, Nicole Golob, Davide Mazza, James G. McNally
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR): year 10 update (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-29
    Description: The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR, http:/www.rosaceae.org ), the long-standing central repository and data mining resource for Rosaceae research, has been enhanced with new genomic, genetic and breeding data, and improved functionality. Whole genome sequences of apple, peach and strawberry are available to browse or download with a range of annotations, including gene model predictions, aligned transcripts, repetitive elements, polymorphisms, mapped genetic markers, mapped NCBI Rosaceae genes, gene homologs and association of InterPro protein domains, GO terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway terms. Annotated sequences can be queried using search interfaces and visualized using GBrowse. New expressed sequence tag unigene sets are available for major genera, and Pathway data are available through FragariaCyc, AppleCyc and PeachCyc databases. Synteny among the three sequenced genomes can be viewed using GBrowse_Syn. New markers, genetic maps and extensively curated qualitative/Mendelian and quantitative trait loci are available. Phenotype and genotype data from breeding projects and genetic diversity projects are also included. Improved search pages are available for marker, trait locus, genetic diversity and publication data. New search tools for breeders enable selection comparison and assistance with breeding decision making.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Variability of stratospheric mean age of air and of the local effects of residual circulation and eddy mixing (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: We analyze the variability of mean age of air (AoA) and of the local effects of the stratospheric residual circulation and eddy mixing on AoA within the framework of the isentropic zonal mean continuity equation. AoA for the period 1988–2013 has been simulated with the Lagrangian chemistry transport model CLaMS driven by ERA-Interim winds and diabatic heating rates. Model simulated AoA in the lower stratosphere shows good agreement with both in-situ observations and satellite observations from MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding), even regarding interannual variability and changes during the last decade. The interannual variability throughout the lower stratosphere is largely affected by the QBO-induced circulation and mixing anomalies, with year-to-year AoA changes of about 0.5 years. The decadal 2002–2012 change shows decreasing AoA in the lowest stratosphere, below about 450 K. Above, AoA increases in the NH and decreases in the SH. Mixing appears to be crucial for understanding AoA variability, with local AoA changes resulting from a close balance between residual circulation and mixing effects. Locally, mixing increases AoA at low latitudes (40S-40N) and decreases AoA at higher latitudes. Strongest mixing occurs below about 500 K, consistent with the separation between shallow and deep circulation branches. The effect of mixing integrated along the air parcel path, however, significantly increases AoA globally, except in the polar lower stratosphere. Changes of local effects of residual circulation and mixing during the last decade are supportive of a strengthening shallow circulation branch in the lowest stratosphere and a southward shifting circulation pattern above.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Metal-induced DNA translocation leads to DNA polymerase conformational activation (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Binding of the catalytic divalent ion to the ternary DNA polymerase β/gapped DNA/dNTP complex is thought to represent the final step in the assembly of the catalytic complex and is consequently a critical determinant of replicative fidelity. We have analyzed the effects of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ on the conformational activation process based on NMR measurements of [methyl- 13 C]methionine DNA polymerase β. Unexpectedly, both divalent metals were able to produce a template base-dependent conformational activation of the polymerase/1-nt gapped DNA complex in the absence of a complementary incoming nucleotide, albeit with different temperature thresholds. This conformational activation is abolished by substituting Glu295 with lysine, thereby interrupting key hydrogen bonds necessary to stabilize the closed conformation. These and other results indicate that metal-binding can promote: translocation of the primer terminus base pair into the active site; expulsion of an unpaired pyrimidine, but not purine, base from the template-binding pocket; and motions of polymerase subdomains that close the active site. We also have performed pyrophosphorolysis studies that are consistent with predictions based on these results. These findings provide new insight into the relationships between conformational activation, enzyme activity and polymerase fidelity.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Measurements of the mass absorption cross section of atmospheric soot particles using Raman spectroscopy (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-16
    Description: [1]  Soot particles are a major absorber of shortwave radiation in the atmosphere. The mass absorption cross section is an essential quantity to describe this light absorption process. This work presents new experimental data on the mass absorption cross section of soot particles in the troposphere over Central Europe. Mass absorption cross sections were derived as the ratio between the light absorption coefficient determined by multi angle absorption photometry (MAAP), and the soot mass concentration determined by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman method is sensitive to graphitic structures present in the particle samples, and was calibrated in the laboratory using Printex ® 90 model particles. M ass absorption cross sections were determined for a number of seven observation sites, ranging between 3.9 and 7.4 m 2 g − 1 depending on measurement site and observational period. The highest values were found in a continentally aged air mass in winter, where soot particles were assumed to be mainly internally mixed . Our values are in the lower range of previously reported values, possibly due to instrumental differences to the former photometer and mass measurements. Overall, a value of 5.3 m 2 g − 1 from orthogonal regression over all samples is considered to be representative for the soot mass absorption cross section in the troposphere over Central Europe.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Genomic, RNAseq, and Molecular Modeling Evidence Suggests That the Major Allergen Domain in Insects Evolved from a Homodimeric Origin (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-12
    Description: The major allergen domain (MA) is widely distributed in insects. The crystal structure of a single Bla g 1 MA revealed a novel protein fold in which the fundamental structure was a duplex of two subsequences (monomers), which had diverged over time. This suggested that the evolutionary origin of the MA structure may have been a homodimer of this smaller subsequence. Using publicly available genomic data, the distribution of the basic unit of this class of proteins was determined to better understand its evolutionary history. The duplication and divergence is examined at three distinct levels of resolution: 1) within the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera, 2) within one genus Drosophila , and 3) within one species Aedes aegypti . Within the family Culicidae, we have found two separate occurrences of monomers as independent genes. The organization of the gene family in A. aegypti shows a common evolutionary origin for its monomer and several closely related MAs. Molecular modeling of the A. aegypti monomer with the unique Bla g 1 fold confirms the distant evolutionary relationship and supports the feasibility of homodimer formation from a single monomer. RNAseq data for A. aegypti confirms that the monomer is expressed in the mosquito similar to other A. aegypti MAs after a blood meal. Together, these data support the contention that the detected monomer shares similar functional characteristics to related MAs in other insects. An extensive search for this domain outside of Insecta confirms that the MAs are restricted to insects.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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