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  • Articles  (29)
  • Wiley  (25)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (4)
  • 2010-2014  (29)
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  • Articles  (29)
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  • 1
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    Should the Three Gorges Dam be blamed for the extremely low water levels in the middle-lower Yangtze River? (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-03
    Description: Extremely low water level events have frequently occurred in the middle-lower Yangtze River (MLYR) in recent years (2006–2011). Most of these drought events coincided with the initial operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). The TGD was therefore the focus of controversy about the causes of the hydrological droughts of the rivers and lakes of the region. We quantified the effects of the TGD's operation on water levels from 2006 to 2011 using a newly developed hydrodynamic model. The operation of the TGD significantly exacerbated the severe hydrological droughts that occurred in late September to November due to water impoundment, but it increased water levels from April to early June in the MLYR due to the drawdown of TGD water levels. Evidence suggests that the recent extremely low water levels were mainly due to the remarkable decline in inflows to the MLYR resulting from precipitation changes and possible human activities. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the effects of the TGD on downstream rivers and lakes will be intensified in the foreseeable future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Caused Major Ionospheric Disturbances at 450 km Altitude Over Alaska (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and atmospheric density perturbations were derived from measurements made from instruments onboard the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) spacecraft. At the time of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake on March 11, 2011, the twin spacecraft were orbiting at an altitude of ~450 km over Alaska. Significant TEC fluctuations (up to 0.6 TEC units), atmospheric density perturbations (~3.6 · 10 −14  kg/m 3 ), and sudden changes in GRACE acceleration (~4 · 10 −8  m/s 2 ) were observed ~8 minutes after the arrival of seismic and infrasound waves on the ground in Alaska, ~20 minutes after the Tohoku-Oki main shock at 05:46:23 UTC. The results of three-dimensional ionospheric-thermospheric modeling and infrasound ray-tracing simulations are consistent with the arrival time and physical characteristics of the disturbances at GRACE. This is the first time that ionospheric disturbances associated with an earthquake are clearly attributable to perturbations at such high altitudes.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Pore Network Model and Simulation of Transport Process for Grain Drying (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-29
    Description: A nonequilibrium model was developed and simulated by adopting a dual-scale pore network approach. The distributions of temperature, moisture, and pressure in drying air, as well as the temperature and moisture content profiles in grain kernels were obtained from the pore scale model and the kernel scale model, respectively. A small test bin was built to conduct in-bin drying experiments and to validate the model. The results from the experiments and the simulations indicate that the dual-scale pore network approach could explain the drying process of the deep-bed grain drying process well. The influences of grain bulk porosity and cereal particle size distribution were also investigated by numerical simulations. A non-equilibrium model was developed and simulated by adopting the dual-scale pore network approach. The distributions of temperature, moisture, and pressure in drying air, as well as the temperature and moisture content profiles in grain kernel were obtained from the pore scale model and the kernel scale model, respectively. A small test bin was built to conduct in-bin drying experiments and to validate the model.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 4
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    Time-dependent MHD modeling of the global solar corona for year 2007: Driven by daily-updated magnetic field synoptic data (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: In this paper, we develop a time-dependent MHD model driven by the daily-updated synoptic magnetograms (MHD-DUSM) to study the dynamic evolution of the global corona with the help of the 3D Solar-Interplanetary (SIP) adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) space-time conservation element and solution element (CESE) MHD model (SIP-AMR-CESE MHD Model). To accommodate the observations, the tangential component of the electric field at the lower boundary is specified to allow the flux evolution to match the observed changes of magnetic field. Meanwhile, the time-dependent solar surface boundary conditions derived from the method of characteristics and the mass flux limit are incorporated to couple the observation and the 3D MHD model. The simulated evolution of the global coronal structure during 2007 is compared with solar observations and solar wind measurements from both Ulysses and spacecrafts near the Earth. The MHD-DUSM model is also validated by comparisons with the standard potential field source surface (PFSS) model, the newly improved Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) empirical formula, and the MHD simulation with a monthly synoptic magnetogram (MHD-MSM). Comparisons show that the MHD-DUSM results have good overall agreement with coronal and interplanetary structures, including the sizes and distributions of coronal holes, the positions and shapes of the streamer belts, and the transitions of the solar wind speeds and magnetic field polarities. The MHD-DUSM results also display many features different from those of the PFSS, the WSA, and the MHD-MSM models.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Effects of soil spatial resolution on quantifying CH4 and N2O emissions from rice fields in the Tai Lake region of China by DNDC model (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-13
    Description: Fourteen grid data sets of different cell resolutions were generated, from 0.5 × 0.5 km to 64 × 64 km, to estimate CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy soils in the Tai Lake region of China using the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model. The grids were derived from a polygon-based data set (1:50,000 digital soil map/database), which was the most detailed soil database for the region. Comparison of simulated CH4 and N2O concentrations from input of the 14 grid data sets with the original polygon data demonstrated (1) no distinct variability (relative errors 8 km were applied as input. A grid data set with a cell size of 8 km was found to be optimal based on accuracy and computational efficiency of DNDC simulations. The results can be used as a guideline for optimizing field sampling strategies for locations where there is a lack of or insufficient soil data, whereby soil data can be collected through sampling in cell centers of designed grid frames.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    High spatial and temporal resolution charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the HL-2A tokamak (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: A 32/64-channel charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic system is developed on the HL-2A tokamak (R = 1.65 m, a = 0.4 m), monitoring plasma ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity simultaneously. A high throughput spectrometer (F/2.8) and a pitch-controlled fiber bundle enable the temporal resolution of the system up to 400 Hz. The observation geometry and an optimized optic system enable the highest radial resolution up to ∼1 cm at the plasma edge. The CXRS system monitors the carbon line emission (C VI, n = 8–7, 529.06 nm) whose Doppler broadening and Doppler shift provide ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity during the neutral beam injection. The composite CX spectral data are analyzed by the atomic data and analysis structure charge exchange spectroscopy fitting (ADAS CXSFIT) code. First experimental results are shown for the case of HL-2A plasmas with sawtooth oscillations, electron cyclotron resonance heating, and edge transport barrier during the high-confinement mode (H-mode).
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    High spatial and temporal resolution charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the HL-2A tokamak (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: A 32/64-channel charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic system is developed on the HL-2A tokamak (R = 1.65 m, a = 0.4 m), monitoring plasma ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity simultaneously. A high throughput spectrometer (F/2.8) and a pitch-controlled fiber bundle enable the temporal resolution of the system up to 400 Hz. The observation geometry and an optimized optic system enable the highest radial resolution up to ∼1 cm at the plasma edge. The CXRS system monitors the carbon line emission (C VI, n = 8–7, 529.06 nm) whose Doppler broadening and Doppler shift provide ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity during the neutral beam injection. The composite CX spectral data are analyzed by the atomic data and analysis structure charge exchange spectroscopy fitting (ADAS CXSFIT) code. First experimental results are shown for the case of HL-2A plasmas with sawtooth oscillations, electron cyclotron resonance heating, and edge transport barrier during the high-confinement mode (H-mode).
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    The significant effect of the thickness of Ni film on the performance of the Ni/Au Ohmic contact to p-GaN (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-01
    Description: The significant effect of the thickness of Ni film on the performance of the Ohmic contact of Ni/Au to p-GaN is studied. The Ni/Au metal films with thickness of 15/50 nm on p-GaN led to better electrical characteristics, showing a lower specific contact resistivity after annealing in the presence of oxygen. Both the formation of a NiO layer and the evolution of metal structure on the sample surface and at the interface with p-GaN were checked by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that a too thin Ni film cannot form enough NiO to decrease the barrier height and get Ohmic contact to p-GaN, while a too thick Ni film will transform into too thick NiO cover on the sample surface and thus will also deteriorate the electrical conductivity of sample.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Strain-assisted current-induced magnetization reversal in magnetic tunnel junctions: A micromagnetic study with phase-field microelasticity (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-26
    Description: Effect of substrate misfit strain on current-induced in-plane magnetization reversal in CoFeB-MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions is investigated by combining micromagnetic simulations with phase-field microelasticity theory. It is found that the critical current density for in-plane magnetization reversal decreases dramatically with an increasing substrate strain, since the effective elastic field can drag the magnetization to one of the four in-plane diagonal directions. A potential strain-assisted multilevel bit spin transfer magnetization switching device using substrate misfit strain is also proposed.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Dynamics of long-period ULF waves in the plasma sheet: Coordinated space and ground observations (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-10
    Description: Spacecraft and ground-based observations are used to study characteristics of ultralow frequency waves in the plasma sheet from the postmidnight to morning local time sectors in the terrestrial magnetosphere. Field line resonance (FLR) type oscillations with discrete and latitude-dependent frequencies in the ranges of 1.7–2.0 and 3.0–3.2 mHz are observed in situ by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms C (THEMIS C), THEMIS D, THEMIS E, and GOES 12 spacecraft. The ground resonant oscillations in the two mentioned frequency bands are also observed at corresponding spacecraft footprints. Spectral peaks at these frequencies are observed by nearly all ground stations from premidnight to noon, with the larger-amplitude oscillations occurring in a narrow range of latitudes (3°–6°). The largest wave activity occurred in the magnetic local time of ∼05:00. The ground observations indicate westward propagation for the 1.8 mHz wave activity with an azimuthal wave number of about −2.6. The Poynting vectors from the THEMIS spacecraft show weak net energy flow (antifield aligned) toward the ionosphere of the southern hemisphere. They also show notable net energy flow toward the west. A possible interpretation is that the observed FLRs are driven by cavity and waveguide modes in the nightside outer magnetosphere after a period of long-lasting northward interplanetary magnetic field.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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