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  • Astrocytes/metabolism  (1)
  • Models, Genetic  (1)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (2)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Geological Society London
  • 2010-2014  (2)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (2)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Geological Society London
Years
  • 2010-2014  (2)
Year
  • 1
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    New class of gene-termini-associated human RNAs suggests a novel RNA copying mechanism (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Small (〈200 nucleotide) RNA (sRNA) profiling of human cells using various technologies demonstrates unexpected complexity of sRNAs with hundreds of thousands of sRNA species present. Genetic and in vitro studies show that these RNAs are not merely degradation products of longer transcripts but could indeed have a function. Furthermore, profiling of RNAs, including the sRNAs, can reveal not only novel transcripts, but also make clear predictions about the existence and properties of novel biochemical pathways operating in a cell. For example, sRNA profiling in human cells indicated the existence of an unknown capping mechanism operating on cleaved RNA, a biochemical component of which was later identified. Here we show that human cells contain a novel type of sRNA that has non-genomically encoded 5' poly(U) tails. The presence of these RNAs at the termini of genes, specifically at the very 3' ends of known mRNAs, strongly argues for the presence of a yet uncharacterized endogenous biochemical pathway in cells that can copy RNA. We show that this pathway can operate on multiple genes, with specific enrichment towards transcript-encoding components of the translational machinery. Finally, we show that genes are also flanked by sense, 3' polyadenylated sRNAs that are likely to be capped.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058539/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058539/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kapranov, Philipp -- Ozsolak, Fatih -- Kim, Sang Woo -- Foissac, Sylvain -- Lipson, Doron -- Hart, Chris -- Roels, Steve -- Borel, Christelle -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- Monaghan, A Paula -- John, Bino -- Milos, Patrice M -- GM079756/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH60774/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079756-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005230/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):642-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09190.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Helicos BioSciences Corporation, 1 Kendall Sq. Ste B7301 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-1671, USA. philippk08@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Genes/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleotides/genetics ; Poly A/genetics/metabolism ; Poly U/genetics/metabolism ; RNA/biosynthesis/*classification/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Antisense/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    A role for glia in the progression of Rett's syndrome (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-01
    Description: Rett's syndrome (RTT) is an X-chromosome-linked autism spectrum disorder caused by loss of function of the transcription factor methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Although MeCP2 is expressed in most tissues, loss of MeCP2 expression results primarily in neurological symptoms. Earlier studies suggested the idea that RTT is due exclusively to loss of MeCP2 function in neurons. Although defective neurons clearly underlie the aberrant behaviours, we and others showed recently that the loss of MECP2 from glia negatively influences neurons in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Here we show that in globally MeCP2-deficient mice, re-expression of Mecp2 preferentially in astrocytes significantly improved locomotion and anxiety levels, restored respiratory abnormalities to a normal pattern, and greatly prolonged lifespan compared to globally null mice. Furthermore, restoration of MeCP2 in the mutant astrocytes exerted a non-cell-autonomous positive effect on mutant neurons in vivo, restoring normal dendritic morphology and increasing levels of the excitatory glutamate transporter VGLUT1. Our study shows that glia, like neurons, are integral components of the neuropathology of RTT, and supports the targeting of glia as a strategy for improving the associated symptoms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3268776/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3268776/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lioy, Daniel T -- Garg, Saurabh K -- Monaghan, Caitlin E -- Raber, Jacob -- Foust, Kevin D -- Kaspar, Brian K -- Hirrlinger, Petra G -- Kirchhoff, Frank -- Bissonnette, John M -- Ballas, Nurit -- Mandel, Gail -- P30 NS061800/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD056503/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD056503-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 29;475(7357):497-500. doi: 10.1038/nature10214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/metabolism ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity ; Neuroglia/*metabolism/pathology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rett Syndrome/*genetics/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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