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  • Modelling  (4)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques  (3)
  • Elsevier  (7)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2010-2014  (7)
  • 1945-1949
Collection
Keywords
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  • Elsevier  (7)
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Society’s needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories. Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate. Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including: How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes that occur at differing scales related? The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites, drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-33
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seafloor and water columnobservatories ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Regional magnetic and gravity anomaly correlations of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The complex magnetic and gravity anomaly fields of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea provide a record of the complicated properties and evolution of the underlying crust. Geologic interpretation of these anomalies is hindered by the effects of anomaly superposition and source ambiguity inherent to potential field analysis. A common approach to minimizing interpretational ambiguities is to consider analyses of anomaly correlations. Spectral correlation filters are used to separate positively and negatively correlated anomaly features based on the correlation coefficient given by the cosine of the phase difference between common wavenumber components. This procedure is applied to reduced-to-pole magnetic and first vertical derivative gravity anomalies for mapping correlative crustal magnetization and density contrasts. Adding and subtracting the standardized outputs of the filters yield summed (SLFI) and differenced (DLFI) local favorability indices that, respectively highlight positive and negative feature correlations in the anomaly data sets. Correlative maxima mainly reflect volcanic structures, and secondarily intrusive bodies and pre- Tortonian carbonates of the Maghrebian chain and the basement rocks of the Sardinia eastern margin. Correlative minima mostly mark sediment-filled peri-Tyrrhenian structural basins related to the Pliocene extensional tectonics, and intra-slope marine depressions related to post-Pliocene and still-active compressional tectonics off Northern Sicily. Prominent inverse anomaly correlations mainly reflect crustal features around the southern margin of the Tyrrhenian Sea that include higher density, lower magnetization pelagic-to-terrigenous and flysch-type nappes of the Sicilian-Maghrebian chain, as well as lower density, higher magnetization sediments filling depressions of the chain, and syn-rift sediments of Southeastern Sardinia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 27-41
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: 5.7. Consulenze in favore di istituzioni nazionali e attività nell'ambito di trattati internazionali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Magnetism ; Gravity ; Modelling ; Back-arc basin ; Volcanism ; Tectonics ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Hydrodynamics of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands: Tracer tests with rhodamine WT and numerical modelling (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Typical unsteady unsaturated conditions can profoundly affect the hydrodynamics of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands. In this study we analyzed the hydrodynamics of a 33 m2 vertical flow pilot plant, treating municipal secondary effluents. Three different saturation conditions were analyzed under several constant flux regimes: complete saturation, partial saturation with the free water table 20 cm over the bottom of the bed, and complete drainage. Tracer tests were performed in steady state conditions by dosing rhodamine WT as square input signals. Breakthrough curves were analyzed by means of both a classical residence time distribution analysis and an originally developed numerical plug-flow model with longitudinal dispersion adapted to the unsaturated conditions. We found that the degree of global mixing in the vertical flow constructed wetland increased as the water content increased; this effect was controlled by the hydraulic residence time of the system. Conversely, the degree of local mixing was inversely affected by water content; the dispersivity was 4.5, 10, and 14 cm for fully saturated, partially saturated and draining conditions, respectively. We explain the dependency of dispersivity on water content in physical terms; however, further studies are needed to mathematically include this relationship in numerical models that describe the behaviour of vertical flow constructed wetlands.
    Description: Published
    Description: 265-273
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Constructed wetlands ; Vertical flow ; Hydrodynamics ; Tracer tests ; Rhodamine WT ; Modelling ; Unsaturated flow ; Dispersivity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    FITOVERT: A dynamic numerical model of subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: This paper introduces a mathematical model (FITOVERT) specifically developed to simulate the behaviour of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF-CWs). One of the main goals of the development of FITOVERT was to keep the complexity of the model to an acceptable level, so as to provide a practical tool for design and operation optimization. The dynamic formulation of the model allows to simulate the typical non stationary feeding-emptying operation of VSSF-CWs. FITOVERT is able to describe the water flow through porous media in unsaturated conditions, combined with evapotranspiration; its biochemical module describes the degradation of both organic matter and nitrogen; the transport in the liquid phase is implemented for both dissolved and particulate components; the oxygen transport in the gaseous phase of the soil and its exchange with the liquid phase are also considered. As a main advantage, compared to the few currently available dedicated numerical models, FITOVERT is able to handle the porosity reduction due to bacteria growth and accumulation of particulate components, so that the clogging process is also simulated as an effect of the pore size reduction on the hydraulic conductivity of the simulated system. The performance of the model was firstly analyzed by comparison with hydrodynamic tests recorded in an experimental VSSF-CW pilot plant: tracer test were carried out in three different saturation conditions (fully saturated, partially saturated, and completely drained). FITOVERT proved to accurately simulate the hydraulic behaviour of VSSF-CWs in both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The needs for model improvements and further calibration are finally discussed.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Constructed wetlands ; Hydrodynamics ; Modelling ; Reactive transport ; Vertical subsurface flow ; Unsaturated flow ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    SMM, a new seafloor monitoring module for real-time data transmission: an application to shallow hydrothermal vents (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The hydrothermal activity represents an evidence of high-energy submarine processes related to active or recent volcanism. Shallow hydrothermal vents represent a unique study opportunity due to the easy access to the vented fluids. The hydrothermal fluids released off the coast of Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy) have been intensively investigated since mid 80’s. The sudden unrest of submarine volcanic activity occurred on November 2002 with a submarine low-energy explosion, dramatically changed the geochemical features and the degassing rate of the submarine hydrothermal vents and pushed the scientists to develop new methods to monitor the venting activity. A better inside of the whole submarine hydrothermal system has been achieved by the development of new investigations methods and geochemical models. The new information closely linking the geothermal and the volcanic activity of the Island require that a continuous monitoring of the submarine hydrothermal activity is carried out. A new sea-floor observatory has been developed for multidisciplinary monitoring activity and to perform real-time data transmission from the sea bottom. Among the other sensors, an acoustic probe, installed for a long-term recording of the sound of the bubbling gases in a frequency range of 0.5-3 kHz, gave useful information of a tight link between the submarine volcanic activity of Panarea Island and the crater explosions of the nearby active volcanic island of Stromboli
    Description: Published
    Description: 93-98
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seafloor observatory ; hydrothermal vents ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    NEMO-SN1 observatory developments in view of the European Research Infrastructures EMSO and KM3NeT (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: NEMO-SN1 (Western Ionian Sea off Eastern Sicily), the first real-time multiparameter observatory operating in Europe since 2005, is one of the nodes of the upcoming European ESFRI large-scale research infrastructure EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory), a network of seafloor observatories placed at marine sites on the European Continental Margin. NEMO-SN1 constitutes also an important test-site for the study of prototypes of Kilometre Cube Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT), another European ESFRI large-scale research infrastructure. Italian resources have been devoted to the development of NEMO–SN1 facilities and logistics, as with the PEGASO project, while the EC project ESONET-NoE is funding a demonstration mission and a technological test. EMSO and KM3NeT are presently in the Preparatory Phase as projects funded under the EC-FP7.
    Description: Published
    Description: s53-s56
    Description: 4.6. Oceanografia operativa per la valutazione dei rischi in aree marine
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Multidisciplinary seafloor observatories ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    FITOVERT: A dynamic numerical model of subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper introduces a mathematical model (FITOVERT) specifically developed to simulate the behaviour of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF-CWs). One of the main goals of the development of FITOVERT was to keep the complexity of the model to an acceptable level, so as to provide a practical tool for design and operation optimization. The dynamic formulation of the model allows to simulate the typical non stationary feeding-emptying operation of VSSF-CWs. FITOVERT is able to describe the water flow through porous media in unsaturated conditions, combined with evapotranspiration; its biochemical module describes the degradation of both organic matter and nitrogen; the transport in the liquid phase is implemented for both dissolved and particulate components; the oxygen transport in the gaseous phase of the soil and its exchange with the liquid phase are also considered. As a main advantage, compared to the few currently available dedicated numerical models, FITOVERT is able to handle the porosity reduction due to bacteria growth and accumulation of particulate components, so that the clogging process is also simulated as an effect of the pore size reduction on the hydraulic conductivity of the simulated system. The performance of the model was firstly analyzed by comparison with hydrodynamic tests recorded in an experimental VSSF-CW pilot plant: tracer test were carried out in three different saturation conditions (fully saturated, partially saturated, and completely drained). FITOVERT proved to accurately simulate the hydraulic behaviour of VSSF-CWs in both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The needs for model improvements and further calibration are finally discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 633-640
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Constructed wetlands ; Hydrodynamics ; Modelling ; Reactive transport ; Vertical subsurface flow ; Unsaturated flow ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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