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  • 2010-2014  (46)
  • 1965-1969  (8)
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  • 1
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    Searching for gravitational wave memory bursts with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: Anisotropic bursts of gravitational radiation produced by events such as supermassive black hole mergers leave permanent imprints on space. Such gravitational wave ‘memory’ (GWM) signals are, in principle, detectable through pulsar timing as sudden changes in the apparent pulse frequency of a pulsar. If an array of pulsars is monitored as a GWM signal passes over the Earth, the pulsars would simultaneously appear to change pulse frequency by an amount that varies with their sky position in a quadrupolar fashion. Here, we describe a search algorithm for such events and apply the algorithm to approximately six years of data from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. We find no GWM events and set an upper bound on the rate for events which could have been detected. We show, using simple models of black hole coalescence rates, that this non-detection is not unexpected.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    CpG islands influence chromatin structure via the CpG-binding protein Cfp1 (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: CpG islands (CGIs) are prominent in the mammalian genome owing to their GC-rich base composition and high density of CpG dinucleotides. Most human gene promoters are embedded within CGIs that lack DNA methylation and coincide with sites of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), irrespective of transcriptional activity. In spite of these intriguing correlations, the functional significance of non-methylated CGI sequences with respect to chromatin structure and transcription is unknown. By performing a search for proteins that are common to all CGIs, here we show high enrichment for Cfp1, which selectively binds to non-methylated CpGs in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of a mono-allelically methylated CGI confirmed that Cfp1 specifically associates with non-methylated CpG sites in vivo. High throughput sequencing of Cfp1-bound chromatin identified a notable concordance with non-methylated CGIs and sites of H3K4me3 in the mouse brain. Levels of H3K4me3 at CGIs were markedly reduced in Cfp1-depleted cells, consistent with the finding that Cfp1 associates with the H3K4 methyltransferase Setd1 (refs 7, 8). To test whether non-methylated CpG-dense sequences are sufficient to establish domains of H3K4me3, we analysed artificial CpG clusters that were integrated into the mouse genome. Despite the absence of promoters, the insertions recruited Cfp1 and created new peaks of H3K4me3. The data indicate that a primary function of non-methylated CGIs is to genetically influence the local chromatin modification state by interaction with Cfp1 and perhaps other CpG-binding proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730110/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730110/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomson, John P -- Skene, Peter J -- Selfridge, Jim -- Clouaire, Thomas -- Guy, Jacky -- Webb, Shaun -- Kerr, Alastair R W -- Deaton, Aimee -- Andrews, Rob -- James, Keith D -- Turner, Daniel J -- Illingworth, Robert -- Bird, Adrian -- 079643/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 091580/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0800026/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1082-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08924.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Michael Swann Building, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Brain/cytology ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; CpG Islands/*genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Genome/genetics ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Methylation ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Gulf oil spill. Will Deepwater Horizon set a new standard for catastrophe? (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard -- Kintisch, Eli -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):674-5. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5979.674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Fisheries ; *Petroleum ; United States ; *Water Pollution ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Autism traits in SERT Ala56 knock-in mice [Neuroscience] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-04
    Description: Fifty years ago, increased whole-blood serotonin levels, or hyperserotonemia, first linked disrupted 5-HT homeostasis to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The 5-HT transporter (SERT) gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with whole blood 5-HT levels and ASD susceptibility. Previously, we identified multiple gain-of-function SERT coding variants in children with ASD. Here we establish that transgenic mice expressing the most common of these variants, SERT Ala56, exhibit elevated, p38 MAPK-dependent transporter phosphorylation, enhanced 5-HT clearance rates and hyperserotonemia. These effects are accompanied by altered basal firing of raphe 5-HT neurons, as well as 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptor hypersensitivity. Strikingly, SERT Ala56 mice display alterations in social function, communication, and repetitive behavior. Our efforts provide strong support for the hypothesis that altered 5-HT homeostasis can impact risk for ASD traits and provide a model with construct and face validity that can support further analysis of ASD mechanisms and potentially novel treatments.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoluminescence and Ultra-violet Phosphorescence of the Nucleic Acid Bases (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 208 (1965), S. 1198-1199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] (1) Thermoluminescence. The samples were prepared as cylindrical pellets of diameter 1-25 cm and depth 1 mm, formed under pressures of about 4 tons/in2. Following irradiation in silicate glass tubes, in the presence of oxygen, glow curves were recorded using a technique identical to that described ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2081198a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of the labellar taste receptors of DDT-resistant and non-resistant houseflies (Musca domestica) to DDT (1967)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 10 (1967), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von DDT-Behandlung auf die elektrische Reaktion der Neuronen von chemorezeptorischen Labellenhaaren bei Reizung mit Kochsalz wurde bei Stubenfliegen (Musca domestica L.) eines DDT-resistenten (HR) und eines nichtresistenten Stammes (ES) untersucht. Das Eintauchen einzelner Rezeptorhaare in wässrige DDT-Suspensionen vor der Reizung und Registrierung der Neuronenaktivität durch einen Kochsalz-Elektrolyten bewirkte den Ersatz der normalen Einzelimpulse durch Gruppen von 2 oder mehr Impulsen bei beiden Stämmen. Bei dem resistenten Stamm steigerte sich die Reaktion — gemessen am mittleren Grade der Impuls-Vervielfachung — während der ersten 10–15 Minuten; danach zeigte signifikante Abnahme der Vervielfachung die Erholung der Neurone von den DDT-Wirkungen an. Bei nichtresistenten Fliegen zeigten die Neurone keine signifikante Erholung. Bevor die Erholung deutlich wurde, waren die Chemorezeptorhaare resistenter Fliegen — gemessen an der Konzentration der angewendeten Suspension — 3,9 bis 8,5mal weniger empfindlich gegen DDT als diejenigen der nichtresistenten Fliegen. Das Verhältnis steigerte sich infolge der Erholung in den nächsten 15 Minuten auf mehr als das 15fache. In einer Paralleluntersuchung der DDT-Vergiftung ganzer Fliegen der beiden Stämme wurden einzeln begiftete Fliegen nach dem Grade der Vergiftung geordnet, den sie zu verschiedenen Zeiten nach der Behandlung aufwiesen. Alle nichtresistenten Fliegen, bei denen deutliche Vergiftungserscheinungen auftraten, wurden zunehmend mehr beeinflußt und starben. Es überlebten nur diejenigen, bei denen klare Anzeichen einer Vergiftung zu keinem Zeitpunkt auftraten. Die resistenten Fliegen waren zu einer völligen Erholung von fortgeschrittenen Stadien der Vergiftung fähig. Bei Dosen, die einen gewissen Grad der Erholung gestatteten, stieg in Gruppen resistenter Fliegen der mittlere Grad der Vergiftung nur während der ersten Stunde an, dann fiel er wieder, sobald sich einige Fliegen erholten. Die Relationen — für die beiden Stämme — gleich giftiger Dosen zeigten, bevor die Erholung in Erscheinung trat, daß die resistenten Fliegen 2- bis 6mal weniger empfindlich gegen DDT-Begiftung waren als die nichtresistenten. Erholung der resistenten Fliegen vergrößerte die Relation auf das mehr als 15fache. So ergaben die Untersuchungen an Chemorezeptorhaaren und an ganzen Fliegen sehr ähnliche Werte für die relative Empfindlichkeit der Stämme gegenüber DDT-Begiftung und für das große Ausmaß, in welchem die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Fliegen des HR-Stammes von der Fähigkeit zur Erholung von DDT-Vergiftungen abhängt. Es kann gefolgert werden, daß die Resistenz der Fliegen des HR-Stammes gegenüber DDT vollständig ausgedrückt werden kann auf dem Niveau der chemorezeptorischen Haare auf ihren Labellen. Es wird vermutet, daß Dehydrochlorierung des DDT, welche vermutlich den Mechanismus der Erholung gestattet, auch mit geringerer Sensibilität dieses Stammes gegenüber DDT-Vergiftung in Verbindung gebracht werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract Two characteristics of DDT-resistance in houseflies (Musca domestica L.), namely, a significantly higher threshold to DDT and the ability to recover from DDT-poisoning, were found to be detectable quantitatively at the level of the neurones of the labellar chemoreceptor hairs. Treatment of the chemoreceptor hairs with DDT resulted in replacement of the normal single impulses by groups of 2 or more. Hairs of resistant (HR) flies showed some recovery from this effect after 10–15 minutes, but those of non-resistant (ES) flies did not. Whole flies topically dosed with DDT solutions were rated for the degree of intoxication shown at various times after treatment. In the resistant strain, flies that survived began to recover from intoxication at about 1 hour, but no recovery was observed in the non-resistant strain. The ratios of equi-effective concentrations or dosages for the two strains were found to be very similar in the chemoreceptor hair and whole fly tests. Up to the onset of recovery they were between 3.9 and 8.5 for the hairs and between 2.0 and 6.0 for the whole flies. After recovery commenced, the ratios increased to more than 15 for both the hairs and the whole flies. It was concluded that the resistance of strain HR flies is fully expressed at the level of the chemoreceptor hairs on their labella, and is mainly due to the ability to recover from DDT-poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430057
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  • 7
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    Biodiversity can support a greener revolution in Africa (2010)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    A ribosome-specialized translation initiation pathway is required for cap-dependent translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-19
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    U.S. IOOS coastal and ocean modeling testbed: Evaluation of tide, wave, and hurricane surge response sensitivities to mesh resolution and friction in the Gulf of Mexico (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-20
    Description: This paper investigates model response sensitivities to mesh resolution, topographical details, bottom friction formulations, the interaction of wind-waves and circulation, and nonlinear advection on tidal and hurricane surge and wave processes at the basin, shelf, wetland, and coastal channel scales within the Gulf of Mexico. Tides in the Gulf of Mexico are modestly energetic processes whereas hurricane surge and waves are highly energetic. The unstructured-mesh, coupled wind-wave and circulation modeling system, SWAN+ADCIRC, is implemented to generate modeled tidal harmonic constituents and hurricane waves and surge for a Hurricane Ike (2008) hindcast. In the open ocean, mesh resolution requirements are less stringent in achieving accurate tidal signals or matching hurricane surge and wave responses; however, coarser resolution or the absence of intertidal zones decreases accuracy along protected nearshore and inland coastal areas due to improper conveyance and/or lateral attenuation. Bottom friction formulations are shown to have little impact on tidal signal accuracy, but hurricane surge is much more sensitive, especially in shelf waters, where development of a strong shore-parallel current is essential to the development of Ike's geostrophic setup. The spatial and temporal contributions of wave radiation stress gradients and nonlinear advection were charted for Ike. Nonlinear advection improves model performance by capturing an additional 10-20 cm of geostrophic setup and increasing resonant cross shelf waves by 30-40 cm . Wave radiation stress gradients improves performance at coastal stations by adding an extra 20-40 cm to water levels.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Ribosome-mediated translation of viral mRNAs [Microbiology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-04
    Description: Initiation is the primary target of translational control for all organisms. Regulation of eukaryotic translation is traditionally thought to occur through initiation factors and RNA structures. Here, we characterize a transcript-specific translation initiation mechanism that is mediated by the ribosome. By studying vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we identify the large...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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