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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Color patterns of bird plumage affect animal behavior and speciation. Diverse patterns are present in different species and within the individual. Here, we study the cellular and molecular basis of feather pigment pattern formation. Melanocyte progenitors are distributed as a horizontal ring in the proximal follicle, sending melanocytes vertically up into the epithelial cylinder, which gradually emerges as feathers grow. Different pigment patterns form by modulating the presence, arrangement, or differentiation of melanocytes. A layer of peripheral pulp further regulates pigmentation via patterned agouti expression. Lifetime feather cyclic regeneration resets pigment patterns for physiological needs. Thus, the evolution of stem cell niche topology allows complex pigment patterning through combinatorial co-option of simple regulatory mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, S J -- Foley, J -- Jiang, T X -- Yeh, C Y -- Wu, P -- Foley, A -- Yen, C M -- Huang, Y C -- Cheng, H C -- Chen, C F -- Reeder, B -- Jee, S H -- Widelitz, R B -- Chuong, C M -- AR060306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR47364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1442-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230374. Epub 2013 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti Signaling Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Columbidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Feathers/*cytology/growth & development ; Female ; Galliformes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Melanocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pigmentation ; Regeneration ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-10-28
    Description: Parasitic diseases have a devastating, long-term impact on human health, welfare and food production worldwide. More than two billion people are infected with geohelminths, including the roundworms Ascaris (common roundworm), Necator and Ancylostoma (hookworms), and Trichuris (whipworm), mainly in developing or impoverished nations of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In humans, the diseases caused by these parasites result in about 135,000 deaths annually, with a global burden comparable with that of malaria or tuberculosis in disability-adjusted life years. Ascaris alone infects around 1.2 billion people and, in children, causes nutritional deficiency, impaired physical and cognitive development and, in severe cases, death. Ascaris also causes major production losses in pigs owing to reduced growth, failure to thrive and mortality. The Ascaris-swine model makes it possible to study the parasite, its relationship with the host, and ascariasis at the molecular level. To enable such molecular studies, we report the 273 megabase draft genome of Ascaris suum and compare it with other nematode genomes. This genome has low repeat content (4.4%) and encodes about 18,500 protein-coding genes. Notably, the A. suum secretome (about 750 molecules) is rich in peptidases linked to the penetration and degradation of host tissues, and an assemblage of molecules likely to modulate or evade host immune responses. This genome provides a comprehensive resource to the scientific community and underpins the development of new and urgently needed interventions (drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tests) against ascariasis and other nematodiases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jex, Aaron R -- Liu, Shiping -- Li, Bo -- Young, Neil D -- Hall, Ross S -- Li, Yingrui -- Yang, Linfeng -- Zeng, Na -- Xu, Xun -- Xiong, Zijun -- Chen, Fangyuan -- Wu, Xuan -- Zhang, Guojie -- Fang, Xiaodong -- Kang, Yi -- Anderson, Garry A -- Harris, Todd W -- Campbell, Bronwyn E -- Vlaminck, Johnny -- Wang, Tao -- Cantacessi, Cinzia -- Schwarz, Erich M -- Ranganathan, Shoba -- Geldhof, Peter -- Nejsum, Peter -- Sternberg, Paul W -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jun -- Wang, Jian -- Gasser, Robin B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 26;479(7374):529-33. doi: 10.1038/nature10553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. ajex@unimelb.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22031327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antinematodal Agents ; Ascariasis/drug therapy/parasitology ; Ascaris suum/drug effects/*genetics ; Drug Design ; Genes, Helminth/genetics ; Genome, Helminth/*genetics ; Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Targeted Therapy
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of newly identified plant hormones that control plant shoot branching. SL signalling requires the hormone-dependent interaction of DWARF 14 (D14), a probable candidate SL receptor, with DWARF 3 (D3), an F-box component of the Skp-Cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here we report the characterization of a dominant SL-insensitive rice (Oryza sativa) mutant dwarf 53 (d53) and the cloning of D53, which encodes a substrate of the SCF(D3) ubiquitination complex and functions as a repressor of SL signalling. Treatments with GR24, a synthetic SL analogue, cause D53 degradation via the proteasome in a manner that requires D14 and the SCF(D3) ubiquitin ligase, whereas the dominant form of D53 is resistant to SL-mediated degradation. Moreover, D53 can interact with transcriptional co-repressors known as TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEINS. Our results suggest a model of SL signalling that involves SL-dependent degradation of the D53 repressor mediated by the D14-D3 complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Liang -- Liu, Xue -- Xiong, Guosheng -- Liu, Huihui -- Chen, Fulu -- Wang, Lei -- Meng, Xiangbing -- Liu, Guifu -- Yu, Hong -- Yuan, Yundong -- Yi, Wei -- Zhao, Lihua -- Ma, Honglei -- He, Yuanzheng -- Wu, Zhongshan -- Melcher, Karsten -- Qian, Qian -- Xu, H Eric -- Wang, Yonghong -- Li, Jiayang -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 19;504(7480):401-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12870. Epub 2013 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]. ; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. ; Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China. ; 1] VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China [2] Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue Northeast, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Lactones/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Oryza/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteolysis ; *Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: The paucity of enzymes that efficiently deconstruct plant polysaccharides represents a major bottleneck for industrial-scale conversion of cellulosic biomass into biofuels. Cow rumen microbes specialize in degradation of cellulosic plant material, but most members of this complex community resist cultivation. To characterize biomass-degrading genes and genomes, we sequenced and analyzed 268 gigabases of metagenomic DNA from microbes adherent to plant fiber incubated in cow rumen. From these data, we identified 27,755 putative carbohydrate-active genes and expressed 90 candidate proteins, of which 57% were enzymatically active against cellulosic substrates. We also assembled 15 uncultured microbial genomes, which were validated by complementary methods including single-cell genome sequencing. These data sets provide a substantially expanded catalog of genes and genomes participating in the deconstruction of cellulosic biomass.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hess, Matthias -- Sczyrba, Alexander -- Egan, Rob -- Kim, Tae-Wan -- Chokhawala, Harshal -- Schroth, Gary -- Luo, Shujun -- Clark, Douglas S -- Chen, Feng -- Zhang, Tao -- Mackie, Roderick I -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Tringe, Susannah G -- Visel, Axel -- Woyke, Tanja -- Wang, Zhong -- Rubin, Edward M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):463-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1200387.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacteria/enzymology/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Biomass ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cattle/*microbiology ; Cellulase/genetics/metabolism ; Cellulases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Cellulose/*metabolism ; Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Metagenome ; Metagenomics/methods ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Poaceae/microbiology ; Rumen/metabolism/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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