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  • Articles  (63)
  • 2010-2014  (55)
  • 1970-1974  (4)
  • 1965-1969  (4)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (63)
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  • Articles  (63)
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  • 1
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    Quantifying dissolved organic carbon concentrations in upland catchments using phenolic proxy measurements (2013)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1694
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2707
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHREATOPHYTES: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 4 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1968.tb04860.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Condit, Carl W., "A History of Commercial and Public Buildings in the Chicago Area, 1875-1925" (Book Review) (1966)
    Liverpool : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Town planning review. 36:4 (1966:Jan.) 294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-0020
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Sociology
    Notes: BOOK REVIEWS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5341-1966-036-04-000007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some factors influencing the long term strength of concrete (1970)
    Springer
    Materials and structures 3 (1970), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Conventional creep and crushing tests are usually concerned with the effects of loadings which are applied during relatively short periods of a few minutes. However, gradual applications of the loading, especially during the initial stages, can produce increases in the ultimate strength of the concrete due to a form of solid body compaction which can the take place. The paper describes the increases in strength which have been obtained with mortars and concretes made with Thames Valley aggregates.
    Notes: Résumé Les essais traditionnels de fluage et d'écrasement sont ordinairement liés aux effects de charge de durée relativement courte (quelques minutes). Mais des charges graduellement appliquées, en particulier dans la première période de l'essai, peuvent déterminer un accroissement de la résistance du béton dû en quelque sorte à un compactage du matériau produit par la charge. Cet article rend compte des augmentations de résistance qu'on a ainsi obtenues pour des mortiers et des bétons confectionnés avec des agrégats de la vallée de la Tamise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476261
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    Detecting changing river temperatures in England and Wales (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-27
    Description: Changes in water temperature can have important consequences for aquatic ecosystems, with some species being sensitive even to small shifts in temperature during some or all of their lifecycle. While many studies report increasing regional and global air temperatures, evidence of changes in river water temperature has thus far been site-specific and often from sites heavily influenced by human activities that themselves could lead to warming. Here we present a tiered assessment of changing river water temperature, covering England and Wales with data from 2,773 locations. We use novel statistical approaches to detect trends in irregularly sampled spot measurements taken between 1990 and 2006. During this 17 year period, on average, mean water temperature increased by 0.03 °C per year (± 0.002 °C) and positive changes in water temperature were observed at 2,385 (86%) sites. Examination of catchments, where there has been limited human influence on hydrological response, shows that changes in river flow have had little influence on these water temperature trends. In the absence of other systematic influences on water temperature, it is inferred that anthropogenically-driven climate change is driving some of this trend in water temperature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 6, Pages 4907-4926: Automated Detection of Cloud and Cloud Shadow in Single-Date Landsat Imagery Using Neural Networks and Spatial Post-Processing (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-29
    Description: The use of Landsat data to answer ecological questions is greatly increased by the effective removal of cloud and cloud shadow from satellite images. We develop a novel algorithm to identify and classify clouds and cloud shadow, SPARCS: Spatial Procedures for Automated Removal of Cloud and Shadow. The method uses a neural network approach to determine cloud, cloud shadow, water, snow/ice and clear sky classification memberships of each pixel in a Landsat scene. It then applies a series of spatial procedures to resolve pixels with ambiguous membership by using information, such as the membership values of neighboring pixels and an estimate of cloud shadow locations from cloud and solar geometry. In a comparison with FMask, a high-quality cloud and cloud shadow classification algorithm currently available, SPARCS performs favorably, with substantially lower omission errors for cloud shadow (8.0% and 3.2%), only slightly higher omission errors for clouds (0.9% and 1.3%, respectively) and fewer errors of commission (2.6% and 0.3%). Additionally, SPARCS provides a measure of uncertainty in its classification that can be exploited by other algorithms that require clear sky pixels. To illustrate this, we present an application that constructs obstruction-free composites of images acquired on different dates in support of a method for vegetation change detection.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Simulating wetland impacts on stream flow in southern Africa using a monthly hydrological model (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-30
    Description: The processes that occur in wetlands and natural lakes are often overlooked and not fully incorporated in the conceptual development of many hydrological models of basin runoff. These processes can exert a considerable influence on downstream flow regimes and are critical in understanding the general patterns of runoff generation at the basin scale. This is certainly the case for many river basins of southern Africa which contain large wetlands and natural lakes and for which downstream flow regimes are altered through attenuation, storage and slow release processes that occur within the water bodies. Initial hydrological modelling studies conducted in some of these areas identified the need to explicitly account for wetland storage processes in the conceptual development of models. This study presents an attempt to incorporate wetland processes into an existing hydrological model, with the aim of reducing model structural uncertainties and improving model simulations where the impacts of wetlands or natural lakes on stream flow are evident. The approach is based on relatively flexible functions that account for the input-storage-output relationships between the river channel and the wetland. The simulation results suggest that incorporating lake and wetland storage processes into modelling can provide improved representation (the right results for the right reason) of the hydrological behaviour of some large river basins, as well as reducing some of the uncertainties in the quantification of the original model parameters used for generating the basin runoff. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Using targeted short-term field investigations to calibrate and evaluate the structure of a hydrological model (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-24
    Description: This study combines the application of a hydrological model with the use of field data derived from short period measurement campaigns at two sites, one a low topography forested area and the other a steep grassland catchment. The main objective was to determine if the structure of the widely-used Pitman model could be considered appropriate for simulating the field data. The model is typically applied at coarse spatial and temporal (1 month) scales, while the tests reported here use data from small catchments and are applied in a daily version of the model. The results demonstrate the importance of ensuring that field observations are measuring the same hydrological variables as the model simulations. At one study site there was a mismatch in the soil moisture data that was corrected by incorporating a 2-layer soil algorithm into the model. The model results from both field sites identified the sensitivity of the model to assumptions about evaporative demands and indicate that the model structure is very sensitive to the potential evaporation inputs. The overall conclusion is that the model structure is generally appropriate for simulating the hydrological responses at the two sites, but that there remain some unresolved uncertainties about specific model components and the use of certain types of input data. The study lends support for the future development of a more complete daily version of this widely-used model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-10
    Description: All computer models are simplified and imperfect simulators of complex natural systems. The discrepancy arising from simplification induces bias in model predictions, which may be amplified by the process of model calibration. This paper presents a new method to identify and quantify the predictive consequences of calibrating a simplified computer model. The method is based on linear theory and it scales efficiently to the large numbers of parameters and observations characteristic of groundwater and petroleum reservoir models. The method is applied to a range of predictions made with a synthetic integrated surface-water/groundwater model with thousands of parameters. Several different observation processing strategies and parameterization/regularization approaches are examined in detail, including use of the Karhunen-Loève parameter transformation. Predictive bias arising from model error is shown to be prediction specific and often invisible to the modeler. The amount of calibration-induced bias is influenced by several factors, including: how expert knowledge is applied in the design of parameterization schemes, the number of parameters adjusted during calibration, how observations and model-generated counterparts are processed and the level of fit with observations achieved through calibration. Failure to properly implement any of these factors in a prediction-specific manner may increase the potential for predictive bias in ways that are not visible to the calibration and uncertainty analysis process.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Basin-scale performance of a semidistributed rainfall-runoff model for hydrological predictions and water resources assessment of large rivers: The Congo River (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-10
    Description: Gaps in hydrological information of the Congo Basin increase uncertainties in understanding hydro-climatic processes in the basin, and consequently the risks associated with decision making for major water resources development plans. There is also uncertainty about the predictions of future climate and land use change. These challenges make it essential to explore possible approaches to close the information gaps. Some of the gaps can be filled using hydrological simulation models, which if they prove practical, can be established with available data, but generate sufficiently reliable information for management purposes. This paper discusses the results of applying a semi distributed rainfall runoff model which was established for the whole Congo Basin, using the available historical data, with an ultimate goal of understanding processes of runoff generation as well as assessing the impacts of future climate and land use changes on water resources availability, including options for water resources development in the basin. Issues of water resources assessment in the basin, approaches used to address them and some directions for future research are discussed. It is noted that the hydrological model applied in this study for the Congo Basin is able to capture the timing and magnitude of high and low flows satisfactorily, irrespective of the sub-basins are located in headwater areas, downstream areas or at the outlets of regions strongly affected by wetlands and lakes. There remain a number of opportunities to improve the methods used for water resources assessment within the basin.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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