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  • Copernicus  (64)
  • American Physical Society  (17)
  • Oxford University Press  (5)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • 2010-2014  (76)
  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Streuung der Schwingfestigkeit (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 316-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dynamic strength variationThe Weibull probability function or the arcsin √P distribution suffices for description purposes provided that considerations are confined to failure or survival probabilities between 20 and 80%. Beyond these limits more sophisticated analysis of the test results - as too in the case of the design engineer when estimating the statistically induced component of the safety margin - must make use of more realistic distribution functions.
    Notes: Zu ihrer Beschreibung genügt die Weibullsche Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion oder auch die arcsin P-Verteilung nur, solange man sich auf Ausfall- oder Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeiten zwischen 20 und 80% beschränkt. Jenseits dieser Grenzen muß sich die anspruchsvollere Analyse der Versuchsergebnisse - wie auch der Konstrukteur bei der Abschätzung der statistisch bedingten Komponente der Sicherheitsspanne - wirklichkeitsnäherer Verteilungsfunktionen bedienen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090909
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MASSENSPEKTREN HETEROAROMATISCHER NITRILE (1975)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 10 (1975), S. 97-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact and field ionisation spectra of nineteen di- and tetracyanopyrazines are presented. The use of high resolution mass measurement and metastable analysis allows the proposal of some general fragmentation mechanisms. The 5,6-disubstituted (alkyl or arene) 2,3-dicyanopyrazines examined show, apart from a less important loss of the nitrile and dicyano groups, fragmentation of the heterocyclic system directed by the nitrogen atoms. In contrast, anellation in the 5,6-position, leads only to loss of the nitrile and dicyano groups being observed. These general fragmentation mechanisms are also observed for the tetracyanopyrazines examined. A comparison of di- and tetracyanobenzene with five ring heterocycles containing four cyano groups shows that fragmentation of nitrile groups is greatly dependent upon the aromaticity of the cyclic system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210100204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung, Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Selenan- und Tellurandisulfandiphosphonat (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 429 (1977), S. 270-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, isolation, and characterization of Monoseleane and Disulphane-DiphosphonateThe barium salts of monoselenane and monotellurane disulphanediphosphonate are isolated in pure state for the first time. They are characterized by analytical data and i.r. spectra.
    Notes: Monoselenan- und Monotellurandisulfandiphosphonat werden erstmals in reiner Form als Bariumsalze isoliert. Die Charakterisierung erfolgt auf Grund der Analysendaten und der IR-Spektren.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19774290133
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  • 4
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    Spin-12XXZChain SystemCs2CoCl4in a Transverse Magnetic Field (2013)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-29
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 5
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    Flow Phenomena in SuperfluidHe3-A (1976)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-06-14
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 6
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    Effects of a Magnetic Field on Nuclear Spin Ordering in SolidHe3 (1975)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1975-03-03
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 7
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    Evolution Along the Mutation Gradient in the Dynamic Mitochondrial Genome of Salamanders (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-20
    Description: Mitochondria are intracellular organelles where oxidative phosphorylation is carried out to complete ATP synthesis. Mitochondria have their own genome; in metazoans, this is a small, circular molecule encoding 13 electron transport proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. In invertebrates, mitochondrial gene rearrangement is common, and it is correlated with increased substitution rates. In vertebrates, mitochondrial gene rearrangement is rare, and its relationship to substitution rate remains unexplored. Mitochondrial genes can also show spatial variation in substitution rates around the genome due to the mechanism of mtDNA replication, which produces a mutation gradient. To date, however, the strength of the mutation gradient and whether movement along the gradient in rearranged (or otherwise modified) genomes impacts genic substitution rates remain unexplored in the majority of vertebrates. Salamanders include both normal mitochondrial genomes and independently derived rearrangements and expansions, providing a rare opportunity to test the effects of large-scale changes to genome architecture on vertebrate mitochondrial gene sequence evolution. We show that: 1) rearranged/expanded genomes have higher substitution rates; 2) most genes in rearranged/expanded genomes maintain their position along the mutation gradient, substitution rates of the genes that do move are unaffected by their new position, and the gradient in salamanders is weak; and 3) genomic rearrangements/expansions occur independent of levels of selective constraint on genes. Together, our results demonstrate that large-scale changes to genome architecture impact mitochondrial gene evolution in predictable ways; however, despite these impacts, the same functional constraints act on mitochondrial protein-coding genes in both modified and normal genomes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Hellbender Genome Sequences Shed Light on Genomic Expansion at the Base of Crown Salamanders (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-19
    Description: Among animals, genome sizes range from 20 Mb to 130 Gb, with 380-fold variation across vertebrates. Most of the largest vertebrate genomes are found in salamanders, an amphibian clade of 660 species. Thus, salamanders are an important system for studying causes and consequences of genomic gigantism. Previously, we showed that plethodontid salamander genomes accumulate higher levels of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons than do other vertebrates, although the evolutionary origins of such sequences remained unexplored. We also showed that some salamanders in the family Plethodontidae have relatively slow rates of DNA loss through small insertions and deletions. Here, we present new data from Cryptobranchus alleganiensis , the hellbender. Cryptobranchus and Plethodontidae span the basal phylogenetic split within salamanders; thus, analyses incorporating these taxa can shed light on the genome of the ancestral crown salamander lineage, which underwent expansion. We show that high levels of LTR retrotransposons likely characterize all crown salamanders, suggesting that disproportionate expansion of this transposable element (TE) class contributed to genomic expansion. Phylogenetic and age distribution analyses of salamander LTR retrotransposons indicate that salamanders’ high TE levels reflect persistence and diversification of ancestral TEs rather than horizontal transfer events. Finally, we show that relatively slow DNA loss rates through small indels likely characterize all crown salamanders, suggesting that a decreased DNA loss rate contributed to genomic expansion at the clade’s base. Our identification of shared genomic features across phylogenetically distant salamanders is a first step toward identifying the evolutionary processes underlying accumulation and persistence of high levels of repetitive sequence in salamander genomes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Slow DNA Loss in the Gigantic Genomes of Salamanders (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-29
    Description: Evolutionary changes in genome size result from the combined effects of mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. Insertion and deletion mutations (indels) directly impact genome size by adding or removing sequences. Most species lose more DNA through small indels (i.e., ~1–30 bp) than they gain, which can result in genome reduction over time. Because this rate of DNA loss varies across species, small indel dynamics have been suggested to contribute to genome size evolution. Species with extremely large genomes provide interesting test cases for exploring the link between small indels and genome size; however, most large genomes remain relatively unexplored. Here, we examine rates of DNA loss in the tetrapods with the largest genomes—the salamanders. We used low-coverage genomic shotgun sequence data from four salamander species to examine patterns of insertion, deletion, and substitution in neutrally evolving non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon sequences. For comparison, we estimated genome-wide DNA loss rates in non-LTR retrotransposon sequences from five other vertebrate genomes: Anolis carolinensis , Danio rerio , Gallus gallus , Homo sapiens , and Xenopus tropicalis . Our results show that salamanders have significantly lower rates of DNA loss than do other vertebrates. More specifically, salamanders experience lower numbers of deletions relative to insertions, and both deletions and insertions are skewed toward smaller sizes. On the basis of these patterns, we conclude that slow DNA loss contributes to genomic gigantism in salamanders. We also identify candidate molecular mechanisms underlying these differences and suggest that natural variation in indel dynamics provides a unique opportunity to study the basis of genome stability.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Explicit perturbative solution of multichannel wave equations (1979)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-15
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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