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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (674)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (589)
  • Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems  (508)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (467)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 2010-2014  (975)
  • 1980-1984  (1,599)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
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Year
  • 1
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    Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Efforts and Observations at the Rocknest Eolian Sand Shadow in Curiosity's Gale Crater Field Site (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is focused on assessing the past or present habitability of Mars, through interrogation of environment and environmental records at the Curiosity rover field site in Gale crater. The MSL team has two methods available to collect, process and deliver samples to onboard analytical laboratories, the Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument (CheMin) and the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite. One approach obtains samples by drilling into a rock, the other uses a scoop to collect loose regolith fines. Scooping was planned to be first method performed on Mars because materials could be readily scooped multiple times and used to remove any remaining, minute terrestrial contaminants from the sample processing system, the Collection and Handling for In-Situ Martian Rock Analysis (CHIMRA). Because of this cleaning effort, the ideal first material to be scooped would consist of fine to very fine sand, like the interior of the Serpent Dune studied by the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit team in 2004 [1]. The MSL team selected a linear eolian deposit in the lee of a group of cobbles they named Rocknest (Fig. 1) as likely to be similar to Serpent Dune. Following the definitions in Chapter 13 of Bagnold [2], the deposit is termed a sand shadow. The scooping campaign occurred over approximately 6 weeks in October and November 2012. To support these activities, the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) acquired images for engineering support/assessment and scientific inquiry.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-27937 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 18, 2013 - Mar 22, 2013; The Woodlands, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular concentration of elements in normal and dystrophic skeletal muscles of the chicken (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 103 (1980), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study, the intracellular concentrations of six elements (mmole/kg dry weight) were directly measured in the muscle fibers of pectoralis major muscles of eight week old, genetically dystrophic and normal chickens by the X-ray microanalysis technique. The extent of muscle degeneration was evaluated by morphometric measurements of muscle fiber diameter and other histological changes. A significant increase in the concentration of intracellular sodium and chlorine was evident in dystrophic muscles. The concentration of intracellular sodium was 127.0 ± 35.0 in the muscle fibers of dystrophic chicks compared to 65.7 ± 16.5 in normal controls. The concentration of chlorine was 90.5 ± 27.5 and 54.1 ± 5.5 in the muscle fibers of dystrophic and normal chicks respectively. The intracellular concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, and sulfur remained unchanged in the dystrophic condition. Morphometric studies revealed that the dystrophic pectoralis muscles contain fewer but thicker fibers per unit area compared to normal pectoralis muscles. The importance of these findings are discussed in relation to the results of earlier investigations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041030204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of millimeter-wave radiation on monolayer cell cultures. II. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 2 (1981), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: millimeter-wave radiation ; BHK-21/C13 cells in monolayer culture ; scanning electron microscopy ; transmission electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Both thermal and athermal effects of millimeter-wave radiation on BHK-21/C13 cells were sought using scanning and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with an in vitro technique that allows direct exposure of monolayer cultures to high average power densities. Culture dishes were irradiated by placing them on the open end of an E- or U-band wave guide. This technique exposes different regions of the cell monolayer lying along the longer axis of the wave guide aperture to varying power densities ranging from zero at each edge to twice the average power density at the center.Cell ultrastructure was unaffected by microwave radiation for 1 hour (41.8 or 74.0 GHz, average power densitites = 320 or 450 mW/cm2, respectively) with or without cooling by rapid recirculation of the culture medium. Temperature in recirculated cultures was held at 37.2 °C, and that in noncooled cultures never exceeded 42 °C during irradiation at either power density. In contrast, cell morphology was affected by microwave exposure whenever irradiation conditions were altered so that the temperature of the monolayer reached or exceeded 44.5 °C. Ultrastructural alterations included breakage of cell processes, progressive detachment of cells from the substrate, increased clumping of heterochromatin in the nuclei, and the appearance of large empty vesicles in the cytoplasm. Such morphological changes resulted from either application of higher average power densities or irradiation at the power densities described above at a higher ambient temperature (〉38.5°C).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250020205
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  • 4
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    Curiosity's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI): Inital Observations and Activities (2013)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: MAHLI (Mars Hand Lens Imager) is a 2-megapixel focusable macro lens color camera on the turret on Curiosity's robotic arm. The investigation centers on stratigraphy, grain-scale texture, structure, mineralogy, and morphology of geologic materials at Curiosity's Gale robotic field site. MAHLI acquires focused images at working distances of 2.1 cm to infinity; for reference, at 2.1 cm the scale is 14 microns/pixel; at 6.9 cm it is 31 microns/pixel, like the Spirit and Opportunity Microscopic Imager (MI) cameras.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC 2013); Mar 18, 2013 - Mar 22, 2013; The Woodlands, TX; United States
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Interpretation of valence band photoemission spectra at organic-metal interfaces (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: Author(s): L. Giovanelli, F. C. Bocquet, P. Amsalem, H.-L. Lee, M. Abel, S. Clair, M. Koudia, T. Faury, L. Petaccia, D. Topwal, E. Salomon, T. Angot, A. A. Cafolla, N. Koch, L. Porte, A. Goldoni, and J.-M. Themlin Adsorption of organic molecules on well-oriented single-crystal coinage metal surfaces fundamentally affects the energy distribution curve of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. New features not present in the spectrum of the pristine metal can be assigned as “interface states” having so... [Phys. Rev. B 87, 035413] Published Fri Jan 11, 2013
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
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    A statistical evaluation of the advantages of Landsat Thematic Mapper data in comparison to Multispectral Scanner data (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: On July 16, 1982, the second decade of land remote sensing from space was inaugurated with the successful launch of Landsat-4. This satellite carries the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and a new sensor, the Thematic Mapper (TM). The TM represents the result of an effort in which all of the major improvements in remote-sensing capability were simultaneously integrated into one system. An experiment was developed and conducted to quantify the effect of each TM sensor parameter on classification accuracy. This paper discusses the experimental design and summarizes the results obtained using TM data acquired over the Washington, DC area on November 2, 1982. Attention is given to a study site/data description, the experimental design, photointerpretation and digitization, spectral simulation, radiometric simulation, and spatial simulation.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 294-302
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Preliminary evaluation of thematic mapper sensor characteristics relative to land cover/land use discrimination (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary experimental results of airborne thematic mapper (TM) data taken to quantify the effect of three major TM sensor parameters, spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolution, six months after launch of Landsat-4 are reported. The flight took place on Nov. 2, 1982 over Washington, D.C., and data gathered were compared with ground reference data from color airborne photography on a 1:40,000 scale. Analyses proceeded by deleting one band from each of four data sets, thus making the data equivalent to MSS data. Attention was directed to land cover/use classes in a quick-look format. A per-pixel maximum likelihood scheme was found to increase the recognition and dicrimination categorization capabilities. Finer spatial resolution, however, impeded classification due to increased within-class variability of the field-center pixels, which also incresed class overlap in the spectral data base. Improved data analyses techniques are therefore needed to exploit the available higher spatial resolution of the TM.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: AAS PAPER 83-159
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    APXS of First Rocks Encountered by Curiosity in Gale Crater: Geochemical Diversity and Volatile Element (K and ZN) Enrichment (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Alpha Particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) on the Curiosity rover in Gale Crater [1] is the 4th such instrument to have landed on Mars [2]. Along the rover's traverse down-section toward Glenelg (through sol 102), the APXS has examined four rocks and one soil [3]. Gale rocks are geochemically diverse and expand the range of Martian rock compositions to include high volatile and alkali contents (up to 3.0 wt% K2O) with high Fe and Mn (up to 29.2% FeO*).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-27938 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 18, 2013 - Mar 22, 2013; TheWoodlands, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Impact of thematic mapper sensor characteristics on classification accuracy (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A three factor (spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolution), two level (TM and MSS) analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach allowed evaluation of the effects of each factor individually and in all possible combinations. Digital classification accuracy was used as the figure of merit. Nine study sites in Washington, DC, each of approximately 256 x 256 TM pixels, were randomly selected from the full scene for analysis. These results strongly suggest that the quantization level improvements and the addition of new spectral bands in the visible and middle IR regions (both afforded by the TM sensor design) can result in improved capabilities to accurately delineate land cover categories using a per point Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier. On the other hand, results indicate that the increase in spatial resolution to 30 m does not significantly enhance classification accuracy. The spatial result points to an inherent limitation of a per point classifier and to the need to improve data analysis techniques to handle high spatial resolution data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: 1983 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS ''83); Aug 31, 1983 - Sep 02, 1983; San Francisco, CA
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that myosin light chain phosphorylation regulates contraction in the body wall muscles of the sea cucumber (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 112 (1982), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Ca2+ activation mechanism of the longitudinal body wall muscles of Parastichopus californicus (sea cucumber) was studied using skinned muscle fiber bundles. Reversible phosphorylation of the myosin light chains correlated with Ca2+-activated tension and relaxation. Pretreatment of the skinned fibers with ATPγS and high Ca2+ (10-5M) resulted in irreversible thiophosphorylation of the myosin light chains and activation of a Ca2+ insensitive tension. In contrast, pretreatment with low Ca2+ (10-8M) and ATPγS results in no thiophosphorylation of the myosin light chains or irreversible activation of tension. These results are consistent with a Ca2+-sensitive myosin light chain kinase/phosphatase system being responsible for the activation of the muscle. Other agents known to have an effect upon the Ca2+-activated tension in skinned vertebrate smooth muscle fibers (trifluoperazine, catalytic subunit of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and calmodulin) did not have an effect on myosin light chain phosphorylation or Ca2+-activated tension. These results suggest a different type of myosin light chain kinase than is found in vertebrate smooth muscle is responsible for the activation of parastichopus longitudinal body wall muscle.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041120302
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