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  • Flood sediment dispersal  (1)
  • Immunization  (1)
  • American Geophysical Union  (1)
  • Springer  (1)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 2010-2014  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (1)
  • 1955-1959
Collection
Publisher
  • American Geophysical Union  (1)
  • Springer  (1)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 2010-2014  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (1)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Capillaria hepatica ; X-ray attenuation ; Immunization ; Capillaria hepatica ; Röntgenstrahlenaltenuierung ; Immunisierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Erstinfektionen mit embryonierten Eiern, von röntgenattenuierten Stadien, von nicht embryonierten Eiern und löslichen Eiextrakten auf Belastungsinfektionen mitCapillaria hepatica wurde untersucht. Die Reproduktivität einer Wurmpopulation aus einer subletalen Belastungsinfektion wurde inMastomys natalensis durch eine 11 Tage vorher gesetzte Erstinfektion mit 50, 150, 400 oder 800 embryonierten Eiern/Tier signifikant reduziert. Ein signifikanter Einfluß von röntgenattenuierten, infektiösen Eiern bzw. von intraperitoneal injizierten, nicht embryonierten Eiern (bei steigenden Dosen über 10 Tage wurde die Eiproduktion normaler Infektionen simuliert) beschränkte sich auf schwache (50 Eier/Tier) Belasnungsinfektionen. Die Kombination attenuierten Infektionsmaterials mit nicht embryonierten Eiern i.p. führte zu keiner gesteigerten Wirkung. In Albinomäusen ließ sich durch vorherige, wiederholte subkutane Injektion von löslichen Eiextrakten die Eiproduktion einer mittleren Belastungsinfektion bis zum 60. Tag p.i. hochsignifikant reduzieren. Die durch Infektionsdosen von 230 embryonierten Eiern/g Körpergewicht beiM. natalensis zwischen dem 20. und 35. Tag p.i. 100% erreichende Mortalität ließ sich durch vorherige Applikation von 50, 150, 400 und 800 Eiern/Tier bei nach 36 und 52 Tagen gesetzten Belastungsinfektionen auf 0–30% reduzieren. Bei Verwendung attenuierten Infektionsmaterials war für einen 70–80% igen Schutz eine wiederholte Vakzinierung notwendig. Die intraperitoneale Injektion von nicht embryonierten Eiern führte bei 40% der Tiere zu einem Schutz. Der Eintritt des Todes verzögerte sich i.d.R. bei vorbehandelten Tieren.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of primary infections with embryonated infective eggs or with X-irradiated infective eggs, and of non-embryonated eggs, and egg homogenate extracts on challenge infections withCapillaria hepatica was investigated. The worm reproductivity was significantly suppressed in a sublethal challenge infection given 11 days after a primary infection ofMastomys natalensis with 50, 150, 400, and 800 eggs per animal. The administration of 600 X-irradiated (2.2 Krd) embryonated eggs 36 days before challenge as well as an intraperitoneal injection of non-embryonated eggs 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 days before challenge (simulating the egg production of a normal infection) also reduced significantly the egg production of a weak (50 eggs/animal) infection. No effect was observed on a moderate challenge (300 eggs/animal). The effect was not markedly enhanced by the repeated administration of X-irradiated eggs or by the combination of X-irradiated infective eggs and non-embryonated eggs. Immunization of mice with soluble egg extracts resulted in significant reduction of egg production determined 60 days after challenge. Two hundred and thirty eggs ofC. hepatica/g bodyweight proved to be a lethal infection dose forM. natalensis. The animals died between 20 and 35 days after infection. After single infections with 50, 150, 400, or 800 eggs per animal the mortality ofMastomys challenged 36 or 52 days later was reduced to 0–30%. Using X-irradiated embryonated eggs for immunization only repeated administration led to protection in 70 to 80% of the animals. About 40% of the animals could be protected by the intraperitoneal injection of non-embryonated eggs. If death occurred it was delayed. The combination of X-irradiated stages and eggs did not enhance the protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005): C09025, doi:10.1029/2004JC002727.
    Description: A large flood of the Eel River, northern California, created a thick sediment deposit between water depths of 50 and 70 m in January 1997. The freshwater plume, however, confined sediment delivery to water depths shallower than 30 m. Mechanisms proposed to explain the apparent cross-shelf transport include dispersal by oceanographic currents, resuspension by energetic waves, and gravitationally forced transport of a thin layer of fluidized mud. Field observations indicate that these processes were all active but cannot determine their relative significance or whether these mechanisms alone explain the location, size, and timing of deposition. Approximately 30% of the sediment delivered by the Eel River is accounted for in the midshelf mud bed and inner shelf, but the fate of the remaining 70% is uncertain. A three-dimensional, hydrodynamic model was used to examine potential mechanisms of sediment transport on the Eel River shelf. The model includes suspended sediment transport and was modified to account for a thin, near-bed layer of fluidized mud. It was used to simulate flood dispersal on the Eel River shelf, to compare the relative importance of transport within the near-bed fluid mud layer to suspended sediment transport, and to evaluate sediment budgets for floods. Settling properties of fine-grained sediment, both within the flood plume and the fluid mud layer, critically impact depositional patterns. To a lesser degree, wind-driven ocean currents influence the volume of sediment that escapes the shelf, and wave magnitude affects the cross-shelf location of flood deposits. Though dilute suspension accounts for a large fraction of total flux, cross-shelf transport by gravitational forcing appears necessary to produce a midshelf mud deposit similar in volume, location, and timing to those seen offshore of the Eel River.
    Description: The Office of Naval Research’s Coastal Geoscience Program supported this through program N0014-01-1-008.
    Keywords: Flood sediment dispersal ; Northern California shelf ; Sediment transport
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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