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  • 2010-2014  (156)
  • 1995-1999  (31)
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  • 1
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    Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping : a new tool for the study of laminated sediment records (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9 (2008): Q02016, doi:10.1029/2007GC001800.
    Description: The utility of elemental mapping by scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in the study of annual laminated sedimentary records was investigated on eight annually laminated sediment types. The examples were chosen to illustrate the potential of this approach in environments dominated by terrigenous, biological and chemical deposition. Individual laminae were identifiable in elemental maps of all sediment types and were enhanced through the use of data reduction techniques (e.g., principal components transformation). Laminae were least apparent in clastic dominated systems with no seasonal changes in sediment sources. In biologically dominated systems, element maps provided insights into the composition of the varve subcomponents, related to alternating terrigenous and biologically dominated seasonal periods of deposition. Chemically precipitated structures were more prevalent than expected from visual investigations alone and may provide an underutilized paleoenvironmental signature of changing limnological conditions. Elemental mapping offers a valuable tool for the study of laminated records that complements existing techniques (e.g., SEM, digital image analysis).
    Description: Funding was provided through NSF Earth System History grants and an NSF Instrumentation grant awarded to J.T.O.
    Keywords: Micro-XRF scanner ; Major elements ; Varve ; Lamination
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    GaMin’11 – an International Inter-laboratory Comparison for Geochemical CO2 - Saline Fluid - Mineral Interaction Experiments (2014)
    In:  Energy Procedia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Due to the strong interest in geochemical CO2-fluid-rock interaction in the context of geological storage of CO2 a growing number of research groups have used a variety of different experimental ways to identify important geochemical dissolution or precipitation reactions and – if possible – quantify the rates and extent of mineral or rock alteration. In this inter-laboratory comparison the gas-fluid-mineral reactions of three samples of rock-forming minerals have been investigated by 11 experimental labs. The reported results point to robust identification of the major processes in the experiments by most groups. The dissolution rates derived from the changes in composition of the aqueous phase are consistent overall, but the variation could be reduced by using similar corrections for changing parameters in the reaction cells over time. The comparison of experimental setups and procedures as well as of data corrections identified potential improvements for future gas-fluid-rock studies.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Personal View of Pharmacology (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 36 (1996), S. 1-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.000245
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrakis(acetonitrile-N)copper(I) Hexafluorophosphate(V) Acetonitrile Solvate (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 623-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194012527
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse agonists exposed (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 374 (1995), S. 214-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ON page 272 of this issue1, Bond and his colleagues claim to have come up with data "providing evidence supporting the existence of inverse agonists and validating the two-state model of G-protein-coupled receptor activation". The concept of inverse agonists and the related explanatory framework ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/374214a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative X-ray structures of the major binding protein for the immunosuppressant FK506 (tacrolimus) in unliganded form and in complex with FK506 and rapamycin (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 511-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: FK506 (tacrolimus) is a natural product now approved in the US and Japan for organ transplantation. FK506, in complex with its 12 kDa cytosolic receptor (FKBP12), is a potent agonist of immunosuppression through the inhibition of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin. Rapamycin (sirolimus), which is itself an immunosuppressant by a different mechanism, completes with FK506 for binding to FKBP12 and thereby acts as an antagonist of calcineurin inhibition. We have solved the X-ray structure of unliganded FKBP12 and of FKBP12 in complex with FK506 and with rapamycin; these structures show localized differences in conformation and mobility in those regions of the protein that are known, by site-directed mutagenesis, to be involved in calcineurin inhibition. A comparison of 16 additional X-ray structures of FKBP12 in complex with FKBP12-binding ligands, where those structures were determined from different crystal forms with distinct packing arrangements, lends significance to the observed structural variability and suggests that it represents an intrinsic functional characteristic of the protein. Similar differences have been observed for FKBP12 before, but were considered artifacts of crystal-packing interactions. We suggest that immunosuppressive ligands express their differential effects in part by modulating the conformation of FKBP12, in agreement with mutagenesis experiments on the protein, and not simply through differences in the ligand structures themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444994014514
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robot metrology using two kinds of measurement equipment (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 8 (1997), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Metrology ; robotics ; Taguchi methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of using two measurement devices: the WATSMART system and the WILDCAT theodolite system for robot metrology. The former device is less expensive, and runs automatically. The theodolite system has a better resolution but is more expensive, and runs manually. The objective was to determine the agreement in their measurement accuracy, variation, and the resulting best performance condition for the robot (i.e. optimal factor–level combination) between the two kinds of measurement equipment. The idea was that even if the accuracy and variation of the equipment differed, if the practical aspects (i.e. measurement performance and the purpose of measurement) were acceptable, the less expensive equipment would provide cost and automation benefits. The experiment was conducted on a PRO-ARM RS-2200, five axis, open loop, joint-coordinate type, educational robot. A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was selected for the experimentation. Seven controllable factors (load, speed, distance moved, orientation of the robot arm, direction of travel, height of travel, and the starting point), along with three interactions, were studied. The accuracy of the robot and the best factor–level combination (FLC) were computed for each set of observations. The mean, standard deviation and maximum values for the two pieces of equipment were also computed. Based on this, the agreement between the two equipment was deduced. Although some similarity existed, the results were not good enough to convince the authors that the two measurement systems were equally effective. Recommendations are made for the appropriate situations for using each of the measurement devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018508805175
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NICMOS/HST Post-Perihelion Images of Comet Hale-Bopp in Outburst (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Near-infrared images of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) were obtained from NICMOS/HST on UT August 27–28, 1997, when the comet emerged from the 50 degree solar elongation limit at 2.99 AU from Earth. Diffraction-limited images were obtained with camera 2 filters centered at 1.87, 1.90, 2.04 and 2.22 μm with ∼0.2″ resolution (0.076″/pixel; 165 km/pixel). Over the 1.7-hour baseline of observation, a recent (〈7 hours) outburst is seen in the form of an expanding spiral arm with a projected expansion velocity of ∼80 m/s. Other asymmetric features include a jet emanating from the nucleus and several static linear features. Comparisons of the flux distribution in the 2.04 and 2.22 μm filters indicate that the region near the nucleus exhibits a slight, ∼3%, water ice absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006209302147
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature analysis of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman spectra using a neural network approach (1997)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 5 (1997), S. 248-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Neural networks ; CARS ; Spectroscopy ; Combustors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A neural network trained with clustered data has been applied to the extraction of temperature from vibrational Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) spectra of nitrogen. CARS is a non-intrusive thermometry technique applied in practical combustors in industry. The advantages of clustering of training data over training with unprocessed calculated spectra is described. The method is applied to CARS data from an isothermal furnace and a liquid kerosene fuelled aeroengine combustor sector rig. Resulting temperatures have been compared with values extracted from the data using conventional least squares fitting and, where possible, mean temperatures measured by pyrometer and blackbody cavity probe. The main advantage of the neural network method is speed, with the potential for online temperature extraction at the spectral acquisition rate of 10 Hz using standard PC hardware.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01424230
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular responses to chemical and morphologic aspects of biomaterial surfaces. II. The biosynthetic and migratory response of bone cell populations (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 1101-1110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The biosynthetic and migratory response of bone cells to changes in both surface composition and morphology of polystyrene (PS) substrates was examined. A system was devised wherein micromachined silicon wafers were used as templates to solvent-cast PS replicas [using 0, 1, or 2 wt % styrene (S) monomer additions] with either 0.5- or 5.0- μm-deep surface grooves. Smooth replicas (0% S) served as the control surfaces. The chemical and morphologic characteristics of the nine unique model biomaterial surfaces (MBSs) produced using this system were documented and were found to be distinct. For the biosynthetic studies, bone cells isolated from neonatal rat calvaria were plated onto the MBSs and labeled at postconfluence with [14C]proline for 24 h. Total DNA per surface, total newly synthesized collagenous (CP), and noncollagenous protein (NCP) (cell associated and secreted) were determined. Cell-associated CP was found to increase significantly for the bone cells cultured on the substrates with 0.5-μm grooves and 2% S (P 〈 .05). Cell-associated NCP was found to be elevated for all 2% S substrates and for the 0.5-μm grooves substrates with 1% S. For the migration studies, bone cells were plated first onto 5-mm nitrocellulose disks that were attached to standard Petri dishes using a plasma clot. At confluence, the disks were removed aseptically and placed on the replicas. The cellular area occupied as a result of the outward migration of the bone cells was measured after 4 days of culture using an image analysis system. An average velocity for the leading edge of bone cell populations on each of the nine MBSs was calculated: Cells on surfaces with either 1% S or 5.0-μm grooves displayed significantly higher velocities than did the control cultures. A significant interaction effect between chemistry and morphology was observed. The biosynthetic and migratory responses of in vitro cultures of bone cells were not predictable from the observations of the cellular responses to the individual features, but appeared to depend on cellular responses to more than one substrate factor. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290910
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