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Digitale Medien

A Decompositional Approach for Computing Least Fixed-Points of Datalog Programs with Z-Counters (1997)

Fribourg, Laurent ; Olsén, Hans

Springer

Constraints 2 (1997), S. 305-335

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ISSN: 1572-9354

Schlagwort(e): decomposition ; linear arithmetic ; least fixed-point ; Petri nets ; reachability set

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: Abstract We present a method for characterizing the least fixed-points of a certain class of Datalog programs in Presburger arithmetic. The method consists in applying a set of rules that transform general computation paths into “canonical” ones. We use the method for treating the problem of reachability in the field of Petri nets, thus relating some unconnected results and extending them in several directions.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009747629591

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Digitale Medien

The Bible as a Parallel Corpus: Annotating the ‘Book of 2000 Tongues’ (1999)

Resnik, Philip ; Olsen, Mari Broman ; Diab, Mona

Springer

Computers and the humanities 33 (1999), S. 129-153

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ISSN: 1572-8412

Schlagwort(e): Bible ; computational linguistics ; parallel corpora ; Corpus Encoding Standard ; translation lexicons

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Informatik , Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign

Notizen: Abstract We report on a project to annotate biblical texts in order to create an aligned multilingual Bible corpus for linguistic research, particularly computational linguistics, including automatically creating and evaluating translation lexicons and semantically tagged texts. The output of this project will enable researchers to take advantage of parallel translations across a wider number of languages than previously available, providing, with relatively little effort, a corpus that contains careful translations and reliable alignment at the near-sentence level. We discuss the nature of the text, our annotation process, preliminary and planned uses for the corpus, and relevant aspects of the Corpus Encoding Standard (CES) with respect to this corpus. We also present a quantitative comparison with dictionary and corpus resources for modern-day English, confirming the relevance of this corpus for research on present day language.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001798929185

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Digitale Medien

Multilingual generation: The role of telicity in lexical choice and syntactic realization (1996)

Dorr, Bonnie J. ; Olsen, Mari Broman

Springer

Machine translation 11 (1996), S. 37-74

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ISSN: 1573-0573

Schlagwort(e): syntax-semantics interface ; syntactic alternations ; semantic classes ; (a)telicity ; multilingual generation ; interlingua ; lexical conceptual structure

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen , Informatik

Notizen: Abstract Multilingual generation in machine translation (MT) requires a knowledge organization that facilitates the task of lexical choice, i.e. selection of lexical units to be used in the generation of a target-language sentence. This paper investigates the extent to which lexicalization patterns involving the lexical aspect feature [+telic] may be used for translating events and states among languages. Telicity has been correlated syntactically with both transitivity and unaccusativity, and semantically with Talmy's ‘path’ of a motion event, the representation of which characterizes languages parametrically. Taking as our starting point the syntactic/semantic classification in Levin's English Verb Classes and Alternations, we examine the relation between telicity and the syntactic contexts, or alternations, outlined in this work, identifying systematic relations between the lexical aspect features and the semantic components that potentiate these alternations. Representing lexical aspect — particularly telicity — is therefore crucial for the tasks of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Having enriched the data in Levin (by correlating the syntactic alternations (Part I) and semantic verb classes (Part II) and marking them for telicity) we assign to verbs lexical semantic templates (LSTs). We then demonstrate that it is possible from these templates to build a large-scale repository for lexical conceptual structures which encode meaning components that correspond to different values of the telicity feature. The LST framework preserves both semantic content and semantic structure (following Grimshaw during the processes of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Application of this model identifies precisely where the Knowledge Representation component may profitably augment our rules of composition, to identify cases where the interlingua underlying the source language sentence must be either reduced or modified in order to produce an appropriate target language sentence.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349353

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Digitale Medien

Modeling the leech heartbeat elemental oscillator I. Interactions of intrinsic and synaptic currents (1995)

Nadim, Farzan ; Olsen, Øystein H. ; Schutter, Erik ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of computational neuroscience 2 (1995), S. 215-235

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ISSN: 1573-6873

Schlagwort(e): central pattern generator ; half-center oscillator

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Informatik , Medizin , Physik

Notizen: Abstract We have developed a biophysical model of a pair of reciprocally inhibitory interneurons comprising an elemental heartbeat oscillator of the leech. We incorporate various intrinsic and synaptic ionic currents based on voltage-clamp data. Synaptic transmission between the interneurons consists of both a graded and a spike-mediated component. By using maximal conductances as parameters, we have constructed a canonical model whose activity appears close to the real neurons. Oscillations in the model arise from interactions between synaptic and intrinsic currents. The inhibitory synaptic currents hyperpolarize the cell, resulting in activation of a hyperpolarization-activated inward currentI h and the removal of inactivation from regenerative inward currents. These inward currents depolarize the cell to produce spiking and inhibit the opposite cell. Spike-mediated IPSPs in the inhibited neuron cause inactivation of low-threshold Ca++ currents that are responsible for generating the graded synaptic inhibition in the opposite cell. Thus, although the model cells can potentially generate large graded IPSPs, synaptic inhibition during canonical oscillations is dominated by the spike-mediated component.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00961435

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Digitale Medien

Modeling the leech heartbeat elemental oscillator II. Exploring the parameter space (1995)

Olsen, Øystein H. ; Nadim, Farzan ; Calabrese, Ronald L.

Springer

Journal of computational neuroscience 2 (1995), S. 237-257

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ISSN: 1573-6873

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Informatik , Medizin , Physik

Notizen: Abstract In the previous paper, we described a model of the elemental heartbeat oscillator in the leech. Here, the parameters of our model are explored around the baseline canonical model. The maximal conductances of the currents and the reversal potential of the leak current are varied to reveal the effects of individual currents and the interaction between synaptic and intrinsic currents in the model. The model produces two distinct modes of oscillation as the parameters are varied, S-mode and G-mode. These two modes are defined, their origin is identified, and the parameter space is mapped into S-mode and G-mode oscillation and no oscillation. Finally, we will make predictions for how the period can be modulated in heart interneurons.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00961436

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