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  • Springer  (147)
  • Wiley  (91)
  • 2010-2014  (144)
  • 1995-1999  (94)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-02-22
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graphs and combinatorics 12 (1996), S. 345-360 
    ISSN: 1435-5914
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We give conditions on the minimum numberk of colors, sufficient for the existence of given types of properly edge-colored subgraphs in ak-edge-colored complete graph. The types of subgraphs we study include families of internally pairwise vertex-disjoint paths with common endpoints, hamiltonian paths and hamiltonian cycles, cycles with a given lower bound of their length, spanning trees, stars, and cliques. Throughout the paper, related conjectures are proposed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Design automation for embedded systems 3 (1998), S. 239-253 
    ISSN: 1572-8080
    Keywords: Discrete-event systems ; mutable system configuration ; mobile cellular networks ; network design process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we introduce a discrete-event-based simulation technology suitable to model cellular mobile radio systems with respect to their dynamic behavior. The latter results in the need for simulation tools which support mutable system configurations. The problems encountered when modeling mutable system configurations using conventional discrete-event simulators are discussed. In order to show a possible solution to this problem we introduce configuration events and configuration objects into the theory of discrete-event simulations. We demonstrate how configuration objects can be implemented in a discrete-event simulator using a dynamic map-function, hereby extending a definition of higher order functions. We apply the configuration objects in a Multiple Layer Model for modeling an entire mobile cellular radio network in a discrete-event simulator as an application for the extended theory. In this model we use the configuration objects to change the network's configuration during runtime. We show that this solution—combined with an object-oriented software design and, possibly, a visual programming language—is a powerful tool for the simulation of the dynamic aspects of mobile cellular radio networks. The software technology presented will be applied by the German cellular network operator Mannesmann Mobilfunk to model dynamic features applicable to the radio resource management of mobile radio networks and to access their performance by simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 917-924 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Pitzer model ; isopiestic ; modified B.E.T. equation ; ternary system ; MgCl2 ; LiCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ternary system LiCl−MgCl2−H2O has been investigated at eight different solution compositions and at 155 5°C. Isopiestic measurements have been made for total equilibrium molalities ranging up to 16.6 mol-kg−1, using MgCl2(aq) as the reference electrolyte. A description of the osmotic coefficients by the ion interaction model of Pitzer gave an overall standard error of 0.006 for the whole data set. The binary Pitzer parameters for MgCl2(aq) were taken from Valyashko and co-workers, whereas the parameters for LiCl(aq) have been determined by the authors in a previous work. It was necessary to use both mixing parameters θMgLi and ψMgLiCl for the fit. The regression gave values of 0.075626 for θMgLi and −7.1392×10−3 for θMgLiCl. The modified B.E.T. equation according to Stokes and Robinson was applied succesfully for water activities lower than 0.4. Using only a linear relationship between the LiCl salt mole fraction and the B.E.T. parameters r and ΔE it was possible to describe the water activities to within 0.36%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 25 (1996), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Osmotic coefficients ; isopiestic ; Pitzer model ; modified B.E.T. equation ; ternary system ; MgCl2, KCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract At a temperature of 155.5°C, isopiestic measurements have been made for the ternary system KCl−MgCl2−H2O at 12 different solute mole fractions. Total equilibrium molalities ranged up to 9.71 mol-kg−1. MgCl2(aq) was chosen as the reference electrolyte. A description of the osmotic coefficients by the ion interaction model of Pitzer gave an overall standard error of 0.0177. The binary Pitzer parameters have been taken from Holmes, Mesmer, and Valyashko et al. for KCl(aq) and MgCl2(aq), respectively. It was necessary to use both mixing parametersΘ MgK andΨ MgKCl for the fit, but an additional introduction of an ionic strength dependence for these parameters yielded no further improvement. Due to the solubility limits the modified B.E.T. equation according to Stokes and Robinson could be applied only to a small subset of all data points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potential analysis 5 (1996), S. 109-138 
    ISSN: 1572-929X
    Keywords: Primary 47D07 ; Secondary 31C25 ; Dirichlet form ; measure perturbation ; substochastic semigroup ; capacity ; smooth measures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Perturbations of a Dirichlet form $$\mathfrak{h}$$ by measures μ are studied. The perturbed form $$\mathfrak{h}$$ −μ−+μ+ is defined for μ− in a suitable Kato class and μ+ absolutely continuous with respect to capacity. L p-properties of the corresponding semigroups are derived by approximating μ− by functions. For treating μ+, a criterion for domination of positive semigroups is proved. If the unperturbed semigroup has L p -L q -smoothing properties the same is shown to hold for the perturbed semigroup. If the unperturbed semigroup is holomorphic on L 1 the same is shown to be true for the perturbed semigroup, for a large class of measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: low temperature molten salts ; cellulose solvents ; X‐ray scattering ; molecular weight distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The dissolution behaviour of cellulose in low temperature molten salts was investigated. Depending on the chosen anions in the melt, cellulose shows different reaction behaviour in different Li+‐containing melts. Dissolution of the polymer was observed in molten LiClO4ċ3H2O and molten LiIċ2H2O. In the hydrated melts of LiCH3COOċ2H2O and LiNO3ċ3H2O a fine distribution of cellulose was stated. Cellulose can be regenerated by cooling the melt and removing the salt by dissolution in water. The structure of the recrystallized product is determined by the used low temperature molten salt.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Bassanite; Crystal structure; Sodium pentasalt; Calcium sulfate hemihydrate; Thermal analysis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Ein metastabiles natriumhaltiges Calciumsulfathemihydrat ((6−x) CaSO4ċxNa2SO4ċ3H2O, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) tritt als intermediäre Phase in den Systemen Na2SO4-CaSO4-H2O, NaCl-Na2SO4-CaSO4-H2O und NaCl-CaSO4-H2O auf. Die Phase mit dem höchsten Natriumionengehalt entspricht dem sogenannten Natriumpentasalz (Na2SO4ċ5CaSO4ċ3H2O). Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse, welche an einem Einkristall mit Pentasalz-Zusammensetzung durchgeführt wurde, ergab eine Überstruktur des reinen Hemihydrats (CaSO4ċ0.5H2O), wobei ein Ca2+-Ion statistisch durch zwei Na+-Ionen ersetzt ist. Die Ca2+-Substitution erfolgt nur in einer der drei CaSO4-Ketten, welche eine nahezu dreizählige Achse entlang der c-Achse bilden. Ein Ca2+-Ion wird durch ein Na+-Ion ersetzt, das zweite Na+-Ion ist in unmittelbarer Nähe zum ersten in den Wasserkanälen eingelagert. Das Hydrat kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe C121 (Nr.5) mit den Gitterparametern a=24.178(11), b=13.805(2), c=12.7074(12) Å, β=90.089(12)°. Die Dehydratationstemperatur variiert mit dem Na+-Gehalt. Je größer dieser ist, um so stärker wird der Austritt der H2O-Moleküle blockiert und zu höheren Temperaturen verschoben. Ein weiterer Unterschied im thermischen Verhalten wurde bei gleichem Na+-Gehalt für unterschiedliche Kristallitgrößen gefunden. Bei kleinen Kristallgrößen (Nadellänge 〈 20 μm) beginnt die Entwässerung früher im Vergleich zu größeren Kristallen (Nadellänge 〉 50 μm). Ein exothermer Effekt im Anschluß an die Dehydratation wird nur für kleine Kristalle beobachtet und deutet auf eine abweichende Entwässerungskinetik in Abhänigkeit von der Kristallitgröße hin.
    Notes: Summary.  A metastable sodium-containing hemihydrate ((6-x)CaSO4ċxNa2SO4ċ3H2O, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) limited by the pentasalt composition Na2SO4ċ5CaSO4ċ3H2O occurs as an intermediate solid phase in the systems Na2SO4-CaSO4-H2O, NaCl-Na2SO4-CaSO4-H2O, and NaCl-CaSO4-H2O. X-Ray structure determination of a crystal with pentasalt composition results in a super-structure of the pure hemihydrate (CaSO4ċ0.5H2O), in which one Ca2+ion is statistically replaced by two Na+ ions. One Na+ cation is situated in a Ca2+ position in only one of the three chains of CaSO4 forming an axis of nearly three fold symmetry along the c-axis. The second Na+ is located in the water channel neighbouring to the first Na+. The hydrate crystallized in a monoclinic space group C121 (No. 5) with a=24.1781(11), b=13.805(2), c=12.7074(12) Å, β=90.089(12)°. The dehydration temperature of the hydrates depends on their Na+ ion content. A high Na+ content (in water channels) blocks the water escape strongly, and the dehydration temperature increases. Thermal behaviour is also effected by the crystal sizes. The thermograms of small crystals as opposed to large ones show a exothermic effect adjoining the endothermic dehydration. This may be indicative for a change in the dehydration mechanism upon crystal size.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 129 (1998), S. 1213-1223 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Gold; Platinum; Heterometallics; 2-(Dimethylaminomethyl)ferrocenyl (FcN); 2 ; 2′-Bis-(dimethylaminomethyl)ferrocenediyl (FcN′); 1 ; 1′-Ferrocenediyl (Fc′); Electrochemistry..
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Die Synthesen, Eigenschaften und chemischen Verschiebungen von Heterometallorganika des einwertigen Golds mit den Formeln FcNAuċP(C6H4Cl-4)3 (1), FcN′[AuċPPh3]2 (2) und Fc′[AuċPPh3]2 (3) werden mitgeteilt. Cyclovoltammetrische Messungen an 1 bzw. 3 im Vergleich mit jenen an den Organoplatinderivaten (FcN)2Pt (4) bzw. FcNPtClċPPh3 (5) bestäigen reversible Einelektronenübergänge..
    Notes: Summary.  The syntheses, properties, and chemical shifts of the heterometal gold(I) complexes FcNAuċP(C6H4Cl-4)3 (1), FcN′[AuċPPh3]2 (2), and Fc′[AuċPPh3]2 (3) are reported. The electrochemical behaviour of complexes 1 and 3 is compared with that of the related platinum derivatives (FcN)2Pt (4) and FcNPtClċPPh3 (5). Cyclovoltammetric measurements confirm reversible one-electron transfers..
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 67 (1996), S. 308-311 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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