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  • Springer  (1,058)
  • 2010-2014  (348)
  • 1995-1999  (525)
  • 1970-1974  (173)
  • 1955-1959  (12)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A field trial using Artificial Neural Networks to predict psychiatric in-patient Length-of-stay (1997)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 5 (1997), S. 184-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Neural networks ; Length-of-stay ; Psychiatry ; Resource utilization ; Back propagation ; Field study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Demands for health care reform will increase service utilization, much of which will fall on a system of expanded primary care providers, many of whom will not be specialists in psychiatry. These providers will need tools to augment their decision-making process. In this paper, we explore the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in three different field sites to predict inpatient psychiatric Length-Of-Stay (LOS). This study describes the development and implementation of a runtime system in three different psychiatric facilities. Data was collected at these respective sites using the runtime system, and then this data was used to retrain the networks to determine if site-specific data would improve accuracy of prediction of LOS. The results indicate that ANNs trained with state hospital data could accurately predict LOS in two different community hospital psychiatric units. When the respective ANNs were retrained with approximately 10% new data from these specific hospitals, rates of improvement ranged from 3% to 15%. Our findings demonstrate that an ANN can adapt to different treatment settings and, when retrained, significantly improve prediction of LOS. Prediction rates by the ANN after retraining are comparable to results of a clinical team.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413862
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  • 2
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    Design, Development, Implementation, and On-orbit Performance of the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment Mission (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-06
    Print ISSN: 0038-6308
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9672
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darwinian evolution by self-propagating species under fractional order kinetics (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract As in Darwinian evolution, population fitness increases among replicating molecules whose propagation rate coefficients form a normal (symmetric) distribution, even when replication kinetics are fractional order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458283
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of evolution that includes prebiotic self-organization and episodic species formation (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 65-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A theory has been proposed that encompasses pre-replication changes in RNA synthesis and non-gradual variant formation, in addition to competitive replication. Using a fundamental theorem of natural selection and maximum principle scaled to nucleotide condensation, evolutionin vitro was demonstrated to maximally damp both kinetic and thermodynamic forces driving this reaction, from its pre-replication stage. This led to the finding that evolution follows a path of least action. These principles form the framework for a general theory of evolution, whose scope extends beyond evolution modeled by synthesis of non-interacting RNA molecules. It applies, in particular, to standard processes, such as competitive crystallization. In calculations simulatingde novo formation of self-replicating RNA molecules in the Qβ replicase system, spontaneous changes in strand secondary structure promoted the transition from random copolymerization to template-directed polymerization. This finding indicates selection preceded genome self-propagation. Non-gradual species formation was attributed to the presence of heterogeneous thermodynamic forces. Growth unconstrained by competition follows mutation to a variant able to utilize a free energy source alien to its progenitors. Evolution in a heterogeneous system can, therefore, exhibit discontinuous rates of species formation and spawn new species populations. Natural selection among competing self-propagators thus gives way to a principle of wider scope stating that evolution optimally damps the physicochemical forces causing change within an evolving system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458282
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative sampling of indoor air biomass by signature lipid biomarker analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 80-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: airborne bacteria; phospholipid fatty acids; human health
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exposure to airborne biocontaminants may result in a multitude of health effects and is related to a pronounced increase in adult-onset asthma. Established culture-based procedures for quantifying microbial biomass from airborne environments have severe limitations. Assay of the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) components of airborne microorganisms provides a quantitative method to define biomass, community composition and nutritional/physiological activity of the microbial community. By collecting airborne particulate matter from a high volume via filtration, we collected sufficient biomass for quantitative PLFA analysis. Comparing high (filtration) and low (impaction) volume air sampling techniques at 26 locations within the Eastern United States, we determined that PLFA analysis provided a viable alternative to the established but flawed culture-based techniques for measuring airborne microbial biomass and community composition. Compared to the PLFA analysis, the culture techniques underestimated the actual viable airborne biomass present by between one to three orders of magnitude. A case study of a manufacturing plant at which there had been complaints regarding the indoor air quality is presented. Phospholipid fatty acid characterization of the biomass enabled contamination point source determination. In comparison with samples taken outdoors, increases in the relative proportion of trans PLFA, reflecting shifts in the physiological status of viable airborne Gram-negative bacteria, were detected in the indoor air samples at a majority of sampling sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900609
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemically-defined medium supporting growth and providing cells converting compactin to pravastatin (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 78-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Actinomadura; pravastatin; compactin; nutrition; vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Actinomadura sp strain 2966, which converts compactin to pravastatin, requires vitamins to support its growth. Addition of folic acid, thiamine and cyanocobalamine allowed growth in chemically-defined medium. Cells grown in a chemically-defined medium were as capable of converting compactin to pravastatin as cells grown in a complex medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scheduling activities among conflicting facilities to minimize conflict cost (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580238
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminolaevulinic Acid-induced Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus and Adenocarcinoma (1999)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 14 (1999), S. 278-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Aminolaevulinic acid; Barrett's oesophagus; Dysplasia; Photodynamic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract . Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal cancer. Ten patients with Barrett's oesophagus, three with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), four with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), one with carcinoma in situ and two with invasive carcinoma, were treated with PDT. All received 30 mg/kg aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) followed 4 h later by laser endoscopy. Half were treated with red light (630 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 1000 s) and half with green light (514 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 500 s). Columnar epithelial regression was seen in all patients with dysplasia (mean area decrease 44%; range 10–100%), with apparent elimination of dysplasia in all cases. In patients with in situ or invasive carcinoma, no response was seen. ALA-induced PDT, using either red or green light, produces effective ablation of dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus, hence may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal carcinoma, but has little effect on in situ or invasive adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050095
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerances and requirements of embryos and larvae of bivalve molluscs (1970)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 20 (1970), S. 553-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Techniques are discussed for obtaining bivalve embryos and larvae throughout the year by inducing gonad development in adults during winter and spring and retarding spawning until late fall and early winter. 2. Development of routine methods for rearing larvae is described and data are presented on the food, temperature, salinity, and pH requirements and on the effect of different combinations of these factors on survival and growth of larvae of several species of bivalves. 3. Some general conclusions are given on the effects of suspended materials, various pollutants, and toxicants on embryos and larvae. 4. Progress in the study of genetics of bivalves is reported.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Es werden Verfahren diskutiert, die es gestatten, Embryonen und Larven von Muscheln das ganze Jahr hindurch zu gewinnen. Diese basieren auf der Auslösung der Gonadenentwicklung geschlechtsreifer Muscheln im Winter und Frühjahr und der ausschließenden Verzögerung der Keimzellenentleerung bis zum Herbst und Frühwinter. Die Aufzucht von Larven, wie sie im Routineverfahren möglich ist, wird beschrieben. Nahrungs-, Temperatur-, Salinitäts- und pH-Ansprüche sowie die Wirkung verschiedener Faktorenkombinationen auf Überlebensrate und Wachstum der Larven einiger Arten werden dargestellt. Ferner wird über Toxizitätsstudien an Larven und über Fortschritte hinsichtlich des Studiums der Genetik der Bivalvia berichtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01609928
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coral reef fishes which forage in the water column (1973)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 24 (1973), S. 292-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Radiation of fishes representing many families in the tropical coral reef has repeatedly produced convergence in the specialization for “water-column foragers”. 2. This life mode is depicted by a recognizable set of morphological and behavioral characteristics. Exploitation of this niche has parallel examples in fresh water, and non-tropical habitats. 3. The distinguishing traits of this specialization, and the systematic, ecological and evolutionary features are described and discussed.
    Notes: Extrait Dans un biotope à récif de corail, des espèces étroitement liées peuvent servir d'exemple de différenciation sur le plan de l'évolution. La radiation évolutive de poissons représentant plusieurs familles du récif corallien tropical a conduit à plusieurs reprises à la formation de «fourragers dans la colonne d'eau». Ce mode de vie comporte une série de caractères morphologiques et éthologiques définis. On trouve des éxemples similaires dans l'eau douce et dans des habitats non tropicaux. Les traits distinctifs de cette spécialisation, la systématique, les caractéristiques écologiques et celles se rapportant à l'évolution sont décrits et discutés.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01609520
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