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  • 2010-2014  (29)
  • 1995-1999  (28)
  • 1980-1984  (19)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-05-11
    Description: Following endocytosis, the fates of receptors, channels, and other transmembrane proteins are decided via specific endosomal sorting pathways, including recycling to the cell surface for continued activity. Two distinct phox-homology (PX)-domain-containing proteins, sorting nexin (SNX) 17 and SNX27, are critical regulators of recycling from endosomes to the cell surface. In this study we demonstrate that SNX17, SNX27, and SNX31 all possess a novel 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM)-like domain. SNX17 has been shown to bind to Asn-Pro-Xaa-Tyr (NPxY) sequences in the cytoplasmic tails of cargo such as LDL receptors and the amyloid precursor protein, and we find that both SNX17 and SNX27 display similar affinities for NPxY sorting motifs, suggesting conserved functions in endosomal recycling. Furthermore, we show for the first time that all three proteins are able to bind the Ras GTPase through their FERM-like domains. These interactions place the PX-FERM-like proteins at a hub of endosomal sorting and signaling processes. Studies of the SNX17 PX domain coupled with cellular localization experiments reveal the mechanistic basis for endosomal localization of the PX-FERM-like proteins, and structures of SNX17 and SNX27 determined by small angle X-ray scattering show that they adopt non-self-assembling, modular structures in solution. In summary, this work defines a novel family of proteins that participate in a network of interactions that will impact on both endosomal protein trafficking and compartment specific Ras signaling cascades.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-09-26
    Description: A central tenet of the current cosmological paradigm is that galaxies grow over time through the accretion of smaller systems. Here, we present new kinematic measurements near the centre of one of the densest pronounced substructures, the South-West Cloud, in the outer halo of our nearest giant neighbour, the Andromeda galaxy. These observations reveal that the kinematic properties of this region of the South-West Cloud are consistent with those of PA-8, a globular cluster previously shown to be co-spatial with the stellar substructure. In this sense, the situation is reminiscent of the handful of globular clusters that sit near the heart of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, a system that is currently being accreted into the Milky Way, confirming that accretion deposits not only stars but also globular clusters into the haloes of large galaxies.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-12-20
    Description: Green tea has many reported health benefits, including genoprotective and antioxidant effects, but green tea has pro-oxidant activity in vitro . A tea-induced pro-oxidant shift that triggers cytoprotective adaptations has been postulated, but human data are lacking. We investigated effects on oxidation-induced DNA damage and redox-linked cytoprotective factors, including 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) in lymphocytes in a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over supplementation trial. hOGG1 catalyses the first step in base excision repair; increased HMOX-1 is a sign of cytoprotective response to pro-oxidant change. The influence of microsatellite polymorphisms in the HMOX-1 promoter region was also explored. Higher numbers of GT repeats [GT( n )] in this region reportedly diminish response to pro-oxidant change. Green tea [2 x 150ml of 1% w/v tea/day (or water as control)] was taken for 12 weeks by 43 Type 2 diabetes subjects {20 with short [S/S; GT( n ) 〈 25] and 23 with long [L/L; GT( n ) ≥ 25]}. Fasting venous blood was collected before and after each treatment. The formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase-assisted comet assay was used to measure DNA damage in lymphocytes. For measuring hOGG1 activity, we used photo-damaged HeLa cells incubated with lymphocyte extracts from test subjects, in combination with the comet assay. Lymphocyte HMOX-1 and hOGG1 protein concentrations and expression (mRNA) of redox-sensitive genes, including HMOX-1 and hOGG1 , were also investigated. Results showed significantly ( P 〈 0.01) lower (~15%) DNA damage, higher (~50%) hOGG1 activity and higher (~40%) HMOX-1 protein concentration after tea. No changes in mRNA expression were seen. Baseline HMOX-1 protein and hOGG1 activity were higher ( P 〈 0.05) in the S/S group, but tea-associated responses were similar in both GT( n ) groups. Green tea is clearly associated with lowered DNA damage, increased hOGG1 activity and higher HMOX-1 protein levels. Further study is needed to confirm a cause and effect relationship and to establish if these effects are mediated by post-translational changes in proteins or by increased gene expression.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8357
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3804
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Stressful events are known to have a long-term impact on future behavioral stress responses. Previous studies suggested that both glucocorticoid hormones and glutamate acting via glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, respectively, are of critical importance for the consolidation of these long-lasting behavioral responses at the dentate gyrus, the gateway of the hippocampal formation. We found that an acute psychologically stressful event resulted in ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK1/2), which within 15 min led to the activation of the nuclear kinases MSK1 and Elk-1 in granule neurons of the dentate gyrus. Next, MSK1 and Elk-1 activation evoked serine-10 phosphorylation and lysine-14 acetylation in histone H3, resulting in the induction of the neuroplasticity-associated immediate-early genes c-Fos and Egr-1 in these neurons. The pERK1/2-mediated activation of MSK1 and Elk-1 required a rapid protein–protein interaction between pERK1/2 and activated GRs. This is a unique nongenomic mechanism of glucocorticoid hormone action in dentate gyrus granule neurons on long-lasting behavioral responses to stress involving direct cross-talk of GRs with ERK1/2–MSK1–Elk-1 signaling to the nucleus.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: Cerebral deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is an early and critical feature of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta generation depends on proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two unknown proteases: beta-secretase and gamma-secretase. These proteases are prime therapeutic targets. A transmembrane aspartic protease with all the known characteristics of beta-secretase was cloned and characterized. Overexpression of this protease, termed BACE (for beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme) increased the amount of beta-secretase cleavage products, and these were cleaved exactly and only at known beta-secretase positions. Antisense inhibition of endogenous BACE messenger RNA decreased the amount of beta-secretase cleavage products, and purified BACE protein cleaved APP-derived substrates with the same sequence specificity as beta-secretase. Finally, the expression pattern and subcellular localization of BACE were consistent with that expected for beta-secretase. Future development of BACE inhibitors may prove beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassar, R -- Bennett, B D -- Babu-Khan, S -- Kahn, S -- Mendiaz, E A -- Denis, P -- Teplow, D B -- Ross, S -- Amarante, P -- Loeloff, R -- Luo, Y -- Fisher, S -- Fuller, J -- Edenson, S -- Lile, J -- Jarosinski, M A -- Biere, A L -- Curran, E -- Burgess, T -- Louis, J C -- Collins, F -- Treanor, J -- Rogers, G -- Citron, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):735-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, M/S 29-2-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/*enzymology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*biosynthesis ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Brain/enzymology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endopeptidases ; Endosomes/enzymology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Peptides/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):877. doi: 10.1038/468877a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drug Industry ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Time Factors ; Translational Medical Research/economics/*organization & administration/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):674-5. doi: 10.1038/464674a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. francis.collins@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetics, Medical/*trends ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/economics/history/*trends ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Precision Medicine/*trends ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/history/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 7;467(7316):635. doi: 10.1038/467635a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20930798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Aptitude ; Awards and Prizes ; *Career Mobility ; Creativity ; Financing, Organized/economics ; *Freedom ; Humans ; Laboratories/economics/manpower ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pilot Projects ; *Research/education/manpower ; *Research Personnel/education ; Research Support as Topic/economics/organization & administration ; Time Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1090-1. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5982.1090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Drug Discovery ; Financing, Government ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.)/organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; Translational Medical Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothenberg, K -- Fuller, B -- Rothstein, M -- Duster, T -- Ellis Kahn, M J -- Cunningham, R -- Fine, B -- Hudson, K -- King, M C -- Murphy, P -- Swergold, G -- Collins, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1755-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Law and Health Care Program, University of Maryland School of Law, 500 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Confidentiality ; Disclosure ; Employment/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Federal Government ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Testing ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Insurance Selection Bias ; Insurance, Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Prejudice ; *Public Policy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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