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  • Chemistry  (39)
  • Magnetism  (3)
  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (24)
  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thieno[3,4-f]-2,1-benzisothiazole.  -  Synthesis and Physical Properties of a Novel Fused 14π Heteroarene as well as its Thermal Cycloaddition Reactions with N,N-Double Bond SystemsThe synthesis of the novel condensed title compound 2, which contains three masked dipolar systems, as well as its cycloaddition reactions with 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones 3a, b and azo-dicarboxylic esters 5a, b with formation of 4 and 6, respectively, are described.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der neuen kondensierten Titelverbindung 2, die drei maskierte dipolare Systeme beinhaltet, sowie deren Cycloadditionen an 1,2,4-Triazolin-3,5-dione 3a, b und Azo-dicarbonester 5a, b unter Bildung von 4 bzw. 6 werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 341-346 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbenoids ; Carbolithiation ; Cyclization ; Cyclopropanation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dichotomy between concerted cyclopropanation and carbolithiation pathways on intramolecular carbenoid cyclopropanation reactions has been studied. These studies have been extended to the intramolecular carbenoid/aldehyde addition reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyrrolo[1,2-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives from Mesomeric Heteropentalenes and Azodicarboxylic EstersThe mesomeric heteropentalene betaines of type 4, 7, and 18 display an unusual reaction behavior against the azodicarboxylic esters 8a-c. Surprisingly, 4 reacts with 8a, b to produce 17a, b, whereas the reaction of 4 with 8c leads to 11 and the novel azomethine imine 15. Also the reaction of 18 with 8a-c gives in two cases 20 or 25 beside the azomethine imine 19. Furthermore, 7 reacts with 8a to form 26, whereas the reaction of 7 with 8c surprisingly yields 29. Spectroscopic data as well as the results of the X-ray analyses of 17a and 19 are consistent with the structures.
    Notes: Die mesomeren Heteropentalen-Betaine vom Typ 4, 7 und 18 reagieren mit den Azodicarbonestern 8a-c ungewöhnlich. So liefert 4 mit 8a, b überraschend 17a, b, während die Umsetzung von 4 mit 8c zu 11 und dem neuen Azomethin-imin 15 führt. Auch die Reaktionen von 18 mit 8a-c ergeben neben dem Azomethinimin 19 noch in zwei Fällen 20 oder 25. Weiterhin reagiert 7 mit 8a zu 26, wogegen die Umsetzung von 7 mit 8c überraschend zu 29 führt. Spektroskopische Daten sowie die Ergebnisse der an 17a und 19 durchgeführten Röntgenstrukturanalyse belegen die Konstitutionen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 20 (1997), S. 297-303 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electrochemical gas absorption or biotechnical purification processes using structured packing as electrode or as biological support, respectively, may operate in bubble columns in presence of suspended solids. In both systems the knowledge of mass transfer rates from the liquid to the packing is important for the design of equipment. In the present investigation, the fluid dynamic behavior of a simple bubble column and a bubble column containing small size particles, both in presence of structured packing, was studied. Furthermore, mass transfer coefficients between the liquid and the structured packing were obtained by the electrochemical method. The influence of physical properties of the liquid phase, gas flow rate, kind and concentration of the suspended particles on both gas holdup and mass transfer was investigated. Correlations of the experimental data of mass transfer using dimensionless groups were derived and compared to previous correlations. Similarity with a heat transfer expression already used in two-phase systems was found.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1509-1513 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: ab initio calculations ; binding studies ; crystal packing ; drug design ; hydrogen bonds ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the design of novel protein ligands one of the major challenges is the replacement of functional groups to modify and improve the binding characteristics. Often nitrogen- and oxygen-containing groups are exchanged, or both atoms occur in a competitive situation. We have investigated the hydrogen-bonding abilities of oxygen atoms covalently bound to two non-hydrogen atoms of which at least one is formally assigned to an sp2-type hybridization. In particular, examples in which such oxygen atoms compete with nitrogen atoms in the same molecular segment have been studied. Based on interaction energies obtained from ab initio calculations for complexes of these molecules with water, the oxygen atoms can be classified as rather weak hydrogen-bond acceptors; nitrogen atoms present in the same fragment exhibit much stronger interaction energies. The ab initio results are confirmed by the relative frequencies with which oxygen and nitrogen atoms are found to be involved in hydrogen bonding in the crystal structures of organic molecules containing the fragments of interest.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1477-1482 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: asymmetric syntheses ; epothilones ; macrolides ; natural products ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Members of a new class of macrolide - the so-called epothilones (1) - showing a taxol-like biological activity have recently been isolated. A convergent approach to 1 is presented, and the asymmetric syntheses of the three key intermediates 3, 4, and 8 are reported.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 69 (1998), S. 727-752 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: π electron systems ; quantum statistics ; electronic counting rules ; quantum Monte Carlo simulations ; model Hamiltonians ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic properties of π systems are studied under special consideration of the quantum statistical constraints experienced by a fermionic ensemble. In a many-electron basis of atomic occupation numbers these constraints decompose into a formal on-site constraint and a formal intersite constraint. The on-site constraint can be equated with the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) while the intersite constraint can be equated with the Pauli antisymmetry principle (PAP). Under special molecular topologies the intersite constraints of fermion ensembles are suppressed. In this case the conventional fermionic statistics coincides with a mixed quantum statistics with fermionic on-site and bosonic intersite properties. Such a mixed statistics is realized in the π subspace of polyenes, (4n+2) Hückel annulenes (n=0, 1, 2,…) and the odd spin space of (2n+1) annulenes (n=1, 2, 3,…) if the π electron hoppings are restricted to nearest-neighbor centers. We discuss the topological conditions to conserve this statistical peculiarity at least approximately in two-dimensional (2D) π topologies. The quantities “aromaticity” and “antiaromaticity,” widely used in the chemical literature, are traced back to quantum statistical, topological, and molecular size considerations. The competition between the quantum constraints PEP and PAP, on the one hand, and the strength of the two-electron interaction in a given π Hamiltonian, on the other, is analyzed on the basis of Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP), Hubbard (Hu), and simple Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) calculations. The influence of the PAP is reduced with increasing correlation strength while the influence of the PEP does not depend on this coupling parameter. The numerical results have been derived by Green's function quantum Monte Carlo (GF QMC) simulations.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 69: 727-752, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 244 (1997), S. 93-120 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyolefins like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and their copolymers inclusive elastomers (EPM, EPDM) are materials with wide ranges of properties and excellent environmental compatibility. Therefore use and production of these products increase steadily. By the development of new catalysts and advanced technologies tailor-made products with new combinations of properties are available which open superior applications. To these products belong materials with Schúlz,Flory- or bimodal molecular mass distributions, new types of linear low density products with homogeneous comonomer distribution, multiphase polypropylene blends and long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene materials. With metallocenes new types of polyolefins can be synthesized like syndiotactic polypropylene and other polyolefins.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 250 (1997), S. 15-30 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An investigation was performed with the aim of ascertaining how a digested sewage sludge could be converted into mechanically stable flocs through the addition of a flocculating agent, while achieving the best possible dewatering efficiency with the lowest possible dosage of flocculation agent. In order to obtain conclusive results which can be transferred to large-scale plants, the effectiveness of the flocculating agents and the various flocculation procedures were tested in a patented, mobile, computer-assisted flocculation and dewatering apparatus.The sewage sludge was conditioned with flocculating agents which had previously been thoroughly characterized in terms of their chemical structure, charge density and molar mass. The cationic flocculating agents had charge densities ranging from 25-55 mol-% and molar masses from 1.5 · 106-12.9 · 106 g mol-, whereas the anionic flocculating agent had a charge density of 36 mol-% and a molar mass of 7.6 · lo6 g mol-. In contrast to other suspensions already investigated, for sewage sludge it was found that no improvement can be achieved in the already very high dewatering level when cationic monoflocculation is used (laboratory trial: 95% filtrate yield by mass after 4 s). Nor was it possible to reduce the optimum dosage by using the dual procedure. In addition, it was possible to show that the chemical structure, i.e. the nature of the polyelectrolyte, and the molar mass of the cationic polyelectrolytes investigated exert a by far larger influence on the dewatering efficiency than the charge density in a range between 25 and 55 mol-%. Furthermore, it has also been observed that the conditioning efficiency of the polyelectrolytes increases as the molar mass rises and the chemical structure influences the dewatering result primarily through the position of the charge-bearing group.
    Notes: Es wurde untersucht, wie ein ausgefaulter Klärschlamm durch eine optimale Flockungshilfsmittelzugabe zu mechanisch stabilen Flocken umgesetzt werden kann, so daß bei möglichst geringem Eintrag eine bestmögliche Entwässerung erzielt wird. Um dazu aussagekräftige, auf großtechnische Anlagen übertragbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten, wurde die Effektivität der Flockungshilfsmittel und der unterschiedlichen Flockungsverfahren in einer patentierten, mobilen, rechnergestützten Flockungs- und Entwässerungsapparatur getestet.Der Klärschlamm wurde im Mono- und Dualverfahren mit bezüglich ihrer chemischen Struktur, Molmasse und Ladungsdichte (LD) eingehend charakterisierten kationischen (LD: 25-55 mol-%; Mw: 1,5 · 106- 12,9 · 106 g mol-1) und einem anionischen (LD: 36 mol-%; Mw: 7,6 · 106 g mol-1) Flockungshilfsmittel konditioniert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen bereits untersuchten Trüben konnte beim Klärschlamm weder eine Verbesserung der ohnehin sehr guten Entwässerbarkeit mittels kationischer Monoflockung (Laborversuch: 95 Gew.-% Filtratausbeute nach 4 s), noch eine Verringerung der optimalen Einsatzmengen durch die Anwendung des Dualverfahrens erzielt werden. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, daß die chemische Struktur und die Molmasse der untersuchten kationischen Polyelektrolyte einen weit größeren Einfluß auf die Entwässerungseffektivität besitzen als die Ladungsdichte in einem Bereich zwischen 25 und 55 mol-%. Ferner erwies sich, daß die Konditionierungseffektivität der Polyelektrolyte mit steigender Molmasse zunimmt und die chemische Struktur hauptsächlich durch die Position der ladungstragenden Gruppe einen Einfluß auf das Entwässerungsergebnis zeigt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1041-1050 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has been found that appreciable carbon black flocculation can occur in filled rubber stocks during storage or vulcanization in the absence of shear. The kinetics of this flocculation process were studied by means of low strain dynamic mechanical property and electrical conducitvity measurements. The results showed the rate of flocculation to be governed by the type and concentration of carbon black, polymer macrostructure, mixing history, and annealing temperature. A mechanism responsible for the formation of this carbon black network structre was proposed and the resulting changes in the physical properties of vulcanizates prepared from these rubber compounds were elucidated. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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