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  • Springer  (31)
  • American Physical Society (APS)  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 2010-2014  (10)
  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1985-1989  (15)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wireless networks 3 (1997), S. 103-112 
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We consider multimedia wireless networks in environments where traffic characterizations and traffic rates are generally time‐varying. For such networks we propose a CDMA transmission policy, in conjunction with a moving boundaries concept induced by a traffic monitoring high‐level protocol. The proposed transmission/traffic management technique is analyzed and numerically evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mobile networks and applications 3 (1998), S. 307-316 
    ISSN: 1572-8153
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We consider digital wireless multimedia LANs and time‐varying traffic rates. To deal effectively with the dynamics of the time‐varying traffic rates, a Traffic Monitoring Algorithm (TMA) is deployed to dynamically allocate channel capacities to the heterogeneous traffics. The TMA is implemented as a higher level protocol that dictates the capacity boundaries within two distinct framed transmission techniques: a Framed Time Domain‐Based (FTDB) technique and a Framed CDMA (FCDMA) technique. The performance of the TMA in the presence of the FTDB technique is compared to its performance in the presence of the FCDMA technique for some traffic scenarios. The performance metrics used for the TMA‐FTDB and TMA‐FCDMA combinations are channel capacity utilization factors, traffic rejection rates, and traffic delays. It is found that the TMA‐FTDB is superior to the TMA‐FCDMA when the speed of the transmission links is relatively low and the lengths of the transmitted messages are relatively short. As the speed of the transmission links and the length of the transmitted messages increase, the TMA‐FCDMA eventually outperforms the TMA‐FTDB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Telecommunication systems 9 (1998), S. 173-206 
    ISSN: 1572-9451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We address the accommodation of multimedia traffic by ATM broadband networks. We isolate a single network channel and we search for capacity allocation/transmission multiplexing policies which satisfy all traffic QOSs with simultaneous high utilization of channel capacity resources, in the presence of variable traffic rates. Towards that direction, we superimpose a high-level traffic-monitoring protocol which determines capacity allocations for each traffic category, dynamically. The latter protocol has sequential and implementation-efficient characteristics, and induces moving boundaries within prespecified and fixed channel frames. The channel frames are selected to satisfy the jittering constraints of all the traffics, such as voice, video and high versus low speed data. The high level protocol, in conjunction with the channel frame structure and the specifics of the transmission policy, may satisfy all traffic QOSs and may simultaneously attain high channel utilization, for certain variability conditions of the traffic rates and at relatively low implementation cost. Performance analysis as well as numerical evaluations are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 6 (1997), S. 193-200 
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Economic modelling ; Finance ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The financial industry is becoming more and more dependent on advanced computer technologies in order to maintain competitiveness in a global economy. Neural networks represent an exciting technology with a wide scope for potential applications, ranging from routine credit assessment operations to driving of large scale portfolio management strategies. Some of these applications have already resulted in dramatic increases in productivity. This paper brings together, from diverse sources, a collection of current research issues on neural networks in the financial domain. It examines a range of neural network systems related to financial applications from different levels of maturity to fielded products. It discusses the success rate of the neural network systems, and their performance in resolving particular financial problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Algorithmica 1 (1986), S. 409-424 
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Linear programming ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; Duality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We describe an extension of Karmarkar's algorithm for linear programming that handles problems with unknown optimal value and generates primal and dual solutions with objective values converging to the common optimal primal and dual value. We also describe an implementation for the dense case and show how extreme point solutions can be obtained naturally, with little extra computation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 14 (1985), S. 167-177 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A multispecies-multitoxicant defined microcosm was studied by examination of its various components. Determination of population interactions showed thatChlorella vulgaris inhibitedAnkistrodesmus braunii by 32%. The presence ofChromobacterium violaceum resulted in a further inhibition ofA. braunii (17%) but its presence had no effect onC. vulgaris. Sensitivity of the two algae and the bacterium were determined for the toxicants atrazine1 and sodium pentachlorophenate, both singly and in combination. While both algae were sensitive to the toxicants, the combined effect of the toxicants on the individual populations was additive. In mixed cultures with one toxicant present, a synergistic interaction was detected between sodium pentachlorophenate andC. vulgaris with respect to A.braunii. Further, the combination ofA. braunii and atrazine withC. vulgaris resulted in an increased inhibition ofC. vulgaris. These observations indicate that biological-chemical interactions can occur as do population-population and chemical-chemical interactions. When mixed cultures of the algae were treated with both toxicants, chemical antagonism was observed. This antagonism was modified by the presence of the bacterium but it was not eliminated. It was concluded that the techniques allowed determination of the interactions in a complex microcosm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 85 (1986), S. 505-514 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examined the detection of cellular poly(A) sequences in mouse liver sections by in situ hybridization using a 3H-labelled poly(dT) probe. Parameters examined included possible losses of target poly(A) sequences from sectioned cells, access of probe to target sequences, section thickness, hybridization conditions, autoradioigraphic efficiency, specific activity of probes and specificity of reaction. An improved protocol was devised that resulted in good preservation of histological detail in sectioned tissue blocks, and a calculated hybridization efficiency of 50%–100%. With the use of probes of defined sequence, the protocol should allow detection of unique mRNA sequences within single cells with an estimated sensitivity of 6–12 unique mRNA molecules per sectioned cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 19 (1995), S. 445-456 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Cumulative impact assessment ; Methods ; Institutional context ; Resource management ; New Zealand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, provisions for environmental impact assessment in New Zealand were changed significantly with the enactment of the Resource Management Act. Among other provisions, this act requires consideration of cumulative impacts in environmental assessment activities undertaken by planners in newly created regional authorities and district and city councils. The institutional context in which the act is being implemented offers both opportunities and constraints to cumulative impact assessment. A lack of methods for CIA is a recognized problem. However, methods that have been developed for environmental impact assessments can be modified to incorporate second-, third-, and fourth-order impacts as well as to identify the direction and magnitude of additive and synergistic impacts. Layered matrices and combined networks are examples of such methods. While they do not allow for scientific prediction, they do provide the practitioner with the ability to consider the cumulative impacts of decisions. This is crucial in New Zealand, where statutory requirements are ahead of established methodologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1985), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les croissances hétérotrophes et photohétérotrophes des algues vertesChlorella vulgaris etAnkistrodesmus braunii ont été étudiées comparativement en mesurant la croissance et en établissant des bilans carbonés. A partir de deux estimations distinctes de l'efficacité globale, consistant dans les rapports CO2 produit sur substrat utilisé et carbone cellulaire sur carbone métabolisé, il a été conclu que les deux micro-organismes sont photo-hétérotrophes, mais queC. vulgaris est plus efficace queA. braunii. La distribution du carbone a été déterminée par les bilans carbonés. Après onze jours de croissance à la lumière, les quantités de substrat carboné retrouvées dans la biomasse cellulaire deC. vulgaris et deA. braunii sont respectivement de 97 et 76%. Les voies fermentatives paraissent être présentes chez les deux microorganismes, et cela surtout à l'obscurité et dans les vieilles cultures, comme l'indique la perte apparente de carbone sous forme de composés organiques volatils. Les résultats obtenus avec les deux micro-organismes étudiés démontrent que les algues vertes sont capables de convertir photo-hétérotrophiquement et hétérotrophiquement une proportion élevée de la matière organique en biomasse. De ce fait, les étangs à taux d'oxydation élevée devraient être considérés du point de vue de l'exploitation de leur potentiel hétérotrophe.
    Abstract: Resumen Se examinó y comparó el crecimiento heterótrofo y fotoheterótrofo midiendo crecimiento y presupuestos para el carbono de las siguientes algas verdes:Chlorella vulgaris y Ankistrodesmus braunii. La eficiencia general se estimó mediante dos parámetros: el cociente entre CO2 suministrado y CO2 fijado por el sustrato, y el cociente entre carbono celular y carbono del sustrato utilizado. Apartir de estas medidas se concluyó que ambos micro-organismos eran capaces de fotoheterotrofia aunqueC. vulgaris era más eficiente queA. braunii. Los presupuestos para la masa carbonada mostraron la distribución del carbono. Después de 11 días de crecimiento en presencia de luz el 97 y el 76% de la glucosa del sustrato se había transformado en biomasa celular enC. vulgaris y enA. braunii respectivamente. En ambos microorganismos parecieron funcionar vías fermentativas, especialmente en la oscuridad y en cultivos viejos, como se vio indicado por la aparente pérdida de carbono en formo de compuestos orgánicos volátiles. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la habilidad de las algas verdes para convertir tanto fotoheterótrofa como heterótroficamente una elevada proporción de sustratos orgánicos en biomasa. Las balsas con una elevada demanda de oxigeno deberian, pues, de ser consideradas bajo una perspectiva heterótrofa con vistas a la explotación de dicho potencial heterótrofo.
    Notes: Summary Heterotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth of the green algaeChlorella vulgaris andAnkistrodesmus braunii were examined and compared through growth measurements and mass carbon budgets. Using two different estimates of overall efficiency, based upon the ratios of CO2 evolved to substrate taken up and cellular carbon to substrate carbon utilized, it was concluded that both micro-organisms were capable of photoheterotrophy althoughC. vulgaris was more efficient thanA. braunii. Mass carbon budgets showed the distribution of carbon. After 11 days of growth in the light, 97 and 76% of the glucose substrate was accounted for as cell biomass forC. vulgaris andA. braunii respectively. Fermentation pathways appeared to function in both micro-organisms, particularly in the dark and in ageing cultures, as indicated by the apparent loss of carbon as volatile organics. The results obtained with the two micro-organisms studied demonstrate the ability of green algae to photoheterotrophically and heterotrophically convert a high proportion of an organic substrate into biomass. Thus, high-rate oxidation ponds should be considered from a heterotrophic perspective with a view to exploiting this heterotrophic potential.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase ; Gene ex ; pression (Agp1, Agp2) ; Hexaploid wheat-Starch synthesis ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A full-length cDNA clone representing the large (shrunken-2) subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; EC 2.7.7.27) has been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from developing grain of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Chinese Spring). The 2084-bp cDNA insert contains an open reading frame of 1566 nucleotides and primer-extension analysis indicated that the 5′ end is 10 nucleotides shorter than the mRNA. The deduced protein contains 522 amino acids (57.8 kDa) and includes a putative transit peptide of 62 amino acids (6.5 kDa). The similarity of the deduced protein to the small subunit of AGP and to other AGP genes from plants and microorganisms is discussed. Northern hybridisation shows that the Agp1 genes (encoding the small subunit in the wheat endosperm) and the Agp2 genes (encoding the large subunit in the wheat endosperm) are differentially expressed in the wheat grain. Transcripts from both gene sets accumulate to high levels in the endosperm during grain development with the majority of the expression in the endopsperm rather than the embryo and pericarp layers. Although enzyme activity is detected in developing grains prior to 10 d post anthesis, only the Agp1 genes are active at this time (the Agp2 genes are not expressed until 10 d post anthesis). The possibility that the enzyme expressed during early grain development is a homotetramer of small subunits is discussed. The Agp1 and Agp2 genes are arranged as triplicate sets of single-copy homoeoloci in wheat. The Agp2 genes are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D, about 80 cM from the centromere. The Agp1 genes have been mapped to a position just distal to the centromere on the long arms of chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D.
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