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  • Springer  (23)
  • Cell Press  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential utilization of nutrients during development by the xylophagous leafhopper,Homalodisca coagulata (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 279-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: amino acids ; ammonia ; assimilation ; carbon utilization ; Homalodisca coagulata ; ingestion ; nitrogen utilization ; polyphagy ; xylem ; xylophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Utilization of nutrients at different stages of development was examined for the xylophage,Homalodisca coagulata (Say). Survivorship and consumption rates of second-instar, fourth-instar and adult leafhoppers were measured daily on the hostsLagerstroemia indica L. andEuonymus japonica Thumb. Rates of consumption, assimilation efficiencies and daily assimilation of nitrogen, carbon, and individual organic compounds were calculated based on chemical analyses of xylem fluid and insect excreta. Gross growth efficiencies of diet utilization were also estimated by comparing biomass of young adults to estimates of nutrient utilization of the two host species. Different instars survived and utilized nutrients at varying rates on the two hosts. Second-instar leafhoppers survived at higher rates and utilized nitrogen more efficiently onE. japonica than onL. indica. However, assimilated nitrogen was much less as a result of lower consumption rates. In contrast, adults onL. indica had increased longevity, utilized carbon more efficiently, and assimilated higher quantities of both carbon and nitrogen than those onE. japonica. Efficiencies of nutrient utilization were high forH. coagulata compared to folivores or phloem feeders, particularly in the conversion of ingested nutrients to assimilated compounds. Variations in diet utilization during development are discussed in terms of polyphagy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382264
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Converting Amino Acid Alignment Scores into Measures of Evolutionary Time: A Simulation Study of Various Relationships (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 361 -370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Alignment scores — Distance measures — Substitution tables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Amino acid substitution tables are essential for the proper alignment of protein sequences, and alignment scores based on them can be transformed into distance measures by various means. In the simplest case, the negative log of the score is used. This Poisson relationship assumes that all sites are equally likely to change, however. A more accurate relationship would correct for different rates of change at each residue position. Recently, Grishin (J. Mol. Evol. 41:675–679, 1995) published a set of simple equations that correct for various circumstances, including different rates of change at different sites. We have used these equations in conjunction with similarity scores that take into account constraints on amino acid interchange. Simulation studies show a linear relationship between these calculated distances and the numbers of allowed mutations based on the observed variation of rate at all sites in various proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006155
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intron Distribution in Ancient Paralogs Supports Random Insertion and Not Random Loss (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 206 -206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006220
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous phylogeny involving the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 544-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160467
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intron Distribution in Ancient Paralogs Supports Random Insertion and Not Random Loss (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 573 -584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Intron distribution — Ancient paralogs — Random insertion — Random loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The intron positions of ten different protein families were examined to determine (the statistical likelihood of) whether spliceosomal introns are the result of random insertion events into previously intronless genes, on the one hand, or the result of random loss from common ancestral introns, on the other. The number of expected matches for the alternative scenarios was calculated for a binomial distribution by considering currently observed introns relative to all possible locations for insertion or loss. Introns occurring at approximately the same location (hereafter called a ``match'') were tallied for each of the paired proteins. Matches were identified by their positions in the multiple alignment and were defined as any two introns occurring within a window of 11 possible nucleotide positions, thereby allowing for possible alignment errors and ``intron sliding.'' Matches were tallied from the raw data and compared with the expected number of matches for the two different scenarios. The results suggest that the distribution of introns in genes encoding proteins is due to random insertion and not random loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006180
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of a Fibronectin Type III Domain in a Plant Protein (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 46 (1998), S. 612-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Fibronectin type III domains — Plant proteins — HMM search
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A hidden Markov model (HMM) approach was used to identify potential candidates in sequence databases for fibronectin type III domains in plants, a kingdom heretofore bereft of these structures. Fortuitously, one of the proteins uncovered had already had a crystal structure published, allowing direct structural confirmation of the existence of this domain in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013148
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Attempt to Pinpoint the Phylogenetic Introduction of Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetase Among Bacteria (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 709-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases — Glutamine amidotransferases — Horizontal gene transfers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Until recently it was believed that most Bacteria form Gln-tRNAGLN by the amidation of Glu-tRNAGLN, only a few members of the γ subdivision of Proteobacteria being able to charge tRNAGLN directly. We undertook a phylogenetic study in an attempt to determine at what point the changeover to the direct system may have occurred. To this end, we selected a number of representative Proteobacteria to see if we could find a division point. We constructed degenerate primers and conducted PCR analysis to identify which Bacteria had Gln-tRNA synthetase, on the one hand, and which had the amidotransferase system, on the other. At the same time, we surveyed data banks of completely sequenced microbial genomes, as well as those for genomes in the process of being sequenced. These combined efforts revealed four Proteobacteria in a phylogenetically intermediate position which have the genetic potential for both mechanisms. Perplexingly, however, three distantly related bacteria were also found to have both enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006592
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial Sequence of a Sponge Mitochondrial Genome Reveals Sequence Similarity to Cnidaria in Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II and the Large Ribosomal RNA Subunit (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 48 (1999), S. 542-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Porifera — Mitochondrial gene — Molecular systematics — Demospongiae — Phylogenetics — Metazoa — Diploblast — Genome evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A 2550-bp portion of the mitochondrial genome of a Demosponge, genus Tetilla, was amplified from whole genomic DNA extract and sequenced. The sequence was found to code for the 3′ end of the 16S rRNA gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, a lysine tRNA, ATPase subunit 8, and a 5′ portion of ATPase subunit 6. The Porifera cluster distinctly within the eumetazoan radiation, as a sister group to the Cnidaria. Also, the mitochondrial genetic code of this sponge is likely identical to that found in the Cnidaria. Both the full COII DNA and protein sequences and a portion of the 16S rRNA gene were found to possess a striking similarity to published Cnidarian mtDNA sequences, allying the Porifera more closely to the Cnidaria than to any other metazoan phylum. The gene arrangement, COII—tRNALys—ATP8—ATP6, is observed in many Eumetazoan phyla and is apparently ancestral in the metazoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006497
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic Analysis of the Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 40 (1995), S. 487-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ; Phylogeny ; Evolution of protein translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Numerous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase sequences have been aligned by computer and phylogenetic trees constructed from them for the two classes of these enzymes. Branching orders based on a consensus of these trees have been proposed for the two groups. Although the order of appearance can be rationalized to fit many different scenarios having to do with the genetic code, the invention of a system for translating nucleic acid sequences into polypeptide chains must have predated the existence of these proteins. In the past, a variety of schemes has been proposed for matching amino acids and tRNAs. Most of these have invoked direct recognition of one by the other, whether or not the anticodon was involved. Often ignored is the possibility of a nonprotein (presumably RNA) matchmaker for bringing the two into conjunction. If such had been the case, then the contemporary aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases could have entered the system gradually, each specific type replacing its matchmaking RNA counterpart in turn. A simple displacement scheme of this sort accommodates the existence of two different families of these enzymes, the second being introduced well before the first had undergone sufficient genetic duplications to specify the full gamut of amino acids. Such a scheme is also consistent with similar amino acids often, but not always, being the substrates of enzymes with the most similar amino acid sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166617
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracing the spread of fibronectin type III domains in bacterial glycohydrolases (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 631-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Fibronectin type III ; Bacteria ; Glycohydrolases ; Phylogeny ; Horizontal gene transfers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary spread of 22 fibronectin type III (Fn3) sequences among a dozen bacterial enzymes has been traced by searching databases with the non-Fn3 parts of the enzyme sequences. Numerous homologues were found that lacked the Fn3 domains. In each case the related sequences were aligned, phylogenetic trees were constructed, and the occurrences of Fn3 units on the trees were noted. Comparison with phylogenetic trees prepared from the Fn3 segments themselves allowed inferences to be made about when the Fn3 units were shuffled into their present positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160409
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