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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 716-720 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Two atropisomers, ap and sc*(9S*), of the title compound [8-chloro-1,4-dimethyl-9-(2-methylbenzyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-o-benzenoanthracene, C30H25Cl] have been isolated and their structures determined by X-ray diffraction. The structures of the two isomers are essentially the same as those of the analogous bromo derivatives. The crystal of the sc*(9S*) isomer decomposed when it was heated to 493 K, owing to the sc–ap transition.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 1801-1802 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 297-300 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 109 (1991), S. 241-244 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vertical distribution, chlorophylla (chla) and phaeopigment concentrations in the gut, and natural nitrogen isotope ratio (δ 15N) were investigated for pelagic amphipodsThemisto japonica (Bovallius) collected from the Sea of Japan in July 1987. Differences in diel vertical migration behavior were clearly observed between small and largeT. japonica. Many small (〈5 mm body length) amphipods appeared in the phytoplankton-rich shallow layers. Their gut pigment concentrations were higher (mean 0.52 ± 0.15µg chla g−1 amphipod) than those of large amphipods (mean 0.33±0.14µg g−1); this implies that the amphipods fed on a large amount of phytoplankton during the early stage of life. Theδ 15N values of small amphipods were lower (5.7 to 6.3‰) than those of large amphipods (6.8 to 11.7‰), reflecting the lower trophic level of small amphipods compared to large ones. Theδ 15N values for small amphipods were similar to those of herbivorous zooplankton. The amphipods' feeding behavior thus changes from herbivorous to carnivorous as they grow.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A typical subarctic copepod,Neocalanus cristatus, occurred in the mesopelagic layer (500 to 1000 m) in Sagami Bay, central Japan, throughout the year. Specimens were collected from 1982 to 1986. A small number of adult females were distributed from 800 to 900 m only, but no adult males were collected. This species appeared to be abundant in April and August, when intermediate Oyashio water flowed strongly into Sagami Bay. Mean prosome lengths of copepodite stages IV and V and adults were 4.33, 6.87 and 6.87 mm, respectively. The condition factor [wet wt/(prosome length)3 × 100] of copepodite stage V did not vary remarkably, and mean values ranged from 4.7 to 5.0. Prosome length, body weight and condition factor ofN. cristatus collected from Sagami Bay were smaller than those of copepods in the northern North Pacific.N. cristatus transported from the north cannot molt to adult stages (except for those originating in mesopelagic waters) due to the adverse environmental conditions in Sagami Bay; instead, they die in the mesopelagic layer and sink to the bathypelagic layer (1 000 to 1 400 m), close to the bottom. Since nauplii and early copepodite stages did not occur in any season,N. cristatus probably do not reproduce in Sagami Bay.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 87 (1985), S. 67-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Preserved samples of chaetognaths (Sagitta crassa) in Tokyo Bay contained normal specimens and knotty and flabby deformed ones. On the body surfaces of both normal and deformed specimens, three different types of periphyte were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM): branch-like growths, large numbers of filaments and protuberances. Some branch-like growths frequently covered almost the entire body of even normal chaetognaths. Bacteria were only observed on the abnormal specimens. Bacterial colonization occurred inside the body rather than on the body surface. Due to the growth of bacteria, muscles degenerated and chaetognaths became abnormally knotty and flabby. Abnormal chaetognaths occurred in Tokyo Bay more frequently in July 1979 (12.4%) than in June 1982 (3.9%). Food containing ratio (FCR) values, an indication of feeding activity, of the abnormal chaetognaths were less than 10% and no feeding rhythm was found, whereas normal chaetognaths had high FCR values with a maximum peak (more than 60%) between 20.000 and 23.000 hrs. Abnormal specimens sometimes had spermatophores on their body surfaces. It is obvious that abnormal chaetognaths had still been alive in the sea and that some of them not only fed on copepods but also copulated. However, feeding activity and reproductive behaviour were far lower in abnormal chaetognaths than in normal ones. Abnormal specimens were not larger than 9.0 mm and their mean body length was smaller than that of normal chaetognaths. This suggests that bacterial infection directly affects the mortality of the chaetognath population.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Association between copepods and bacteria was observed in many scanning electron micrographs. Particular sites on the copepods were selectively colonized by bacteria; the joints of segments and legs, swimming legs and depressed parts of the body surface were found to be densely covered with bacteria. In comparison, bacterial attachment to copepod skeletons in fecal pellets excreted by chaetognaths was not selective; bacteria were sparsely found all over the copepod. Between 9 to 30% of copepods in Tokyo Bay waters had attached bacteria in January and April 1983.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 97 (1988), S. 79-85 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract SEM observation revealed the detailed morphology of the gastric mill in ten species of euphausiids, Bentheuphausia amblyops, Thysanopoda acutifrons, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Pseudeuphausia latifrons, Euphausia superba, Tessarabrachion oculatum, Thysanoessa longipes, Nematoscelis microps, Nematobrachion boopis, and Stylocheiron maximum. The well-developed gastric mill of euphausiids consists of a pair of cluster spines and a pair of lateral teeth displaying great diversity in morphology. It is suggested that there are three categories of gastric mill and filterpress (gland filter) within euphausiids. One is the well-developed gastric mill with filter-press of B. amblyops; a second is the well-developed gastric mill of M. norvegica, T. oculatum, E. superba, P. latifrons and T. longipes; and the third is the gastric mill without lateral teeth of T. acutifrons, N. microps, N. boopis and S. maximum.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 41 (1985), S. 89-97 
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The diet of at least 28 species of mesopelagic fish from the Pacific coast of Hokkaido was examined. The dominant family was the Gonostomatidae (42%) which was represented by five species. The most abundant species wasCyclothone atraria which together with the other species of this genus preyed predominantly on copepods. Euphausiids and copepods were dominant in the diet ofGonostoma gracile. The next most abundant family was the Myctophidae (32%) which was represented by seven species. The dominant species,Stenobrachius nannochir, preyed mainly on copepods. Copepods were also the dominant food item of the other myctophids except forLampanyctus jordani which fed mainly on euphausiids. The other important family was the Bathylagidae (21%).Leuroglossus schmidti was the dominant species and its diet was more diverse with ostracods, copepods, molluscs and larvaceans being the most important food items.Bathylagus ochotensis had a similar diet. Copepods were the most important food items for all but a few species and their occurrence in the fish stomachs was related to the known vertical distribution of both predators and prey. Ostracods and euphausiids were also important prey items, the latter especially in large fish species. Molluscs and larvaceans were restricted to the two species of the family Bathylagidae.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 186-192 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Exercise ; Oxygen sensing ; Oxygen uptake ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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