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  • Geological Society of London  (16)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • Blackwell Publishers
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 2010-2014  (22)
Collection
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Evolution of the west Greenland margin: offshore thermostratigraphic data and modelling (2012)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: The origin and age of topography along the west Greenland margin is a matter of continued debate. Evidence for tectonically driven Neogene uplift has been argued from interpretations of offshore seismic surveys, onshore fission-track data and inferred episodes of cooling. Here, analysis of seismic reflection profiles and 1D modelling of exploration wells along the Greenland margin of Davis Strait demonstrate that the data are consistent with a model of ancient continental topography affected by late Cretaceous–early Palaeocene rifting followed by thermal subsidence where offshore Neogene tectonic uplift is not required. This interpretation for the offshore evolution of the west Greenland margin has implications for the adjacent onshore evolution and for other continental margins developed throughout the Atlantic–Arctic rift system.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 2
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    Research Update: A hafnium-based metal-organic framework as a catalyst for regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with a mild hydride source (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-28
    Description: Reaction of styrene oxide with sodium cyanoborohydride and a catalytic amount of Hf-NU-1000 yields the anti-Markovnikov product, 2-phenylethanol, with over 98% regioselectivity. On the other hand, propylene oxide is ring opened in a Markovnikov fashion to form 2-propanol with 95% regioselectivity. Both styrene oxide and propylene oxide failed to react with sodium cyanoborohydride without the addition of Hf-NU-1000 indicative of the crucial role of Hf-NU-1000 as a catalyst in this reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a metal-organic framework material as a catalyst for ring-opening of epoxides with hydrides.
    Electronic ISSN: 2166-532X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Geochemical evolution of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks: implications for the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent (2011)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-01
    Description: Neoproterozoic basaltic magmatism in the Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland was associated with the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Magmas were erupted in rift-related basins along a strike length of at least 700 km and during a time period of c. 80 Ma. New major and trace element analyses of metabasalts from several formations are presented to trace the variations in magma compositions in time and space. The primary magmas resulted from variable degrees of mixing of melts derived from mantle sources similar to those of normal and enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts; some younger lavas also show evidence of contamination with continental crust. In contrast to speculations about magmatism elsewhere in Rodinia, the evidence here suggests that there was no involvement of a mantle plume in basalt generation. For example, the Scottish promontory of Laurentia drifted rapidly southwards through c. 25{degrees} over the duration of the magmatism, with no evidence of significant elevation above sea level, as might be expected from involvement of a plume. Generation of the primary magmas might have taken place predominantly through decompression melting in depleted upper mantle containing enriched streaks and blobs. Both the Dalradian lithostratigraphy and the metabasaltic compositions are consistent with extreme lithospheric stretching and possibly rupture during the earliest phase of magmatism, whereas generation of later magmatism appears to have been associated with major fault systems, possibly on a foundering continental margin. Supplementary materialChemical analyses of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks (major elements recalculated to 100%, anhydrous) are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18468.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
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    Geochemical evolution of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks: implications for the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent (2011)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-31
    Description: : Neoproterozoic basaltic magmatism in the Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland was associated with the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Magmas were erupted in rift-related basins along a strike length of at least 700 km and during a time period of c . 80 Ma. New major and trace element analyses of metabasalts from several formations are presented to trace the variations in magma compositions in time and space. The primary magmas resulted from variable degrees of mixing of melts derived from mantle sources similar to those of normal and enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts; some younger lavas also show evidence of contamination with continental crust. In contrast to speculations about magmatism elsewhere in Rodinia, the evidence here suggests that there was no involvement of a mantle plume in basalt generation. For example, the Scottish promontory of Laurentia drifted rapidly southwards through c . 25° over the duration of the magmatism, with no evidence of significant elevation above sea level, as might be expected from involvement of a plume. Generation of the primary magmas might have taken place predominantly through decompression melting in depleted upper mantle containing enriched streaks and blobs. Both the Dalradian lithostratigraphy and the metabasaltic compositions are consistent with extreme lithospheric stretching and possibly rupture during the earliest phase of magmatism, whereas generation of later magmatism appears to have been associated with major fault systems, possibly on a foundering continental margin. Supplementary material: Chemical analyses of Dalradian metavolcanic rocks (major elements recalculated to 100%, anhydrous) are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18468 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Seismological evidence for a fossil subduction zone in the East Greenland Caledonides (2014)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: The postorogenic collapse of the early Paleozoic Caledonian orogeny is well documented; however, several different plate tectonic models exist for the convergent phase involving closure of the Iapetus Ocean and the collision of Laurentia and Baltica. Receiver function analysis of 11 broadband seismometers along a 270 km transect in the East Greenland Caledonides reveals the existence of an east-dipping high velocity slab. Numerical modeling demonstrates that relict subducted and eclogitized crust is a plausible explanation. Thus, eastward subduction preceded subsequent west-dipping subduction during the formation of the East Greenland and Scandinavian Caledonides. This is a key constraint for understanding the Caledonian and continental margin evolution in the North Atlantic realm.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 6
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    Comment on "Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Crimmins et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 324) attributed an apparent downward elevational shift of California plant species to a precipitation-induced decline in climatic water deficit. We show that the authors miscalculated deficit, that the apparent decline in species' elevations is likely a consequence of geographic biases, and that unlike temperature changes, precipitation changes should not be expected to cause coordinated directional shifts in species' elevations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephenson, Nathan L -- Das, Adrian J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):177; author reply 177. doi: 10.1126/science.1205740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA 93271, USA. nstephenson@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Small-scale mantle convection produces stratigraphic sequences in sedimentary basins (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-14
    Description: Cyclic sedimentary deposits link stratigraphic sequences that are now geographically distant but were once part of the same depositional environment. Some of these sequences occur at periods of 2 to 20 million years, and eustatic sea-level variations or regional tectonic events are likely causes of their formation. Using numerical modeling, we demonstrate that small-scale mantle convection can also cause the development of stratigraphic sequences through recurrent local and regional vertical surface movements. Small-scale convection-driven stratigraphic sequences occur at periods of 2 to 20 million years and correlate only at distances up to a few hundred kilometers. These results suggest that previous sequence stratigraphic analyses may contain erroneous conclusions regarding eustatic sea-level variations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, K D -- Nielsen, S B -- Clausen, O R -- Stephenson, R -- Gerya, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):827-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1190115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. kenni@geo.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Advanced photon source upgrade benefits all (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephenson, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):470. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6183.470-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Director, Advanced Photon Source, Associate Laboratory Director for Photon Sciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of environmental impact on historical stone masonry through on-site monitoring appraisal (2013)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-26
    Description: This paper presents the design and application of an environmental monitoring system on the historical site of Odda’s Chapel in Deerhurst, Gloucestershire, UK, and the determination of hygroscopic behaviour of the original building materials to obtain long-term moisture content variation. The monitoring system provides a comprehensive profile of hygrothermal conditions in the walls at the locations where moisture conditions are potentially causing decay and damage. The system makes use of temperature and relative humidity sensing technology placed on the wall construction, providing continuous data including rainfall, wind-driven rain and runoff rain measurements. The relative merits and results of the designed system are evaluated and discussed, as well as the implications of its application in the conservation of historical structures. The environmental monitoring results show general deterioration in the shell of the building. Internal wall surface measurements are essential for the documentation of wall interior response and should be conducted across the wall section at several locations. The fact that 91% of in-wall recorded relative humidity (RH) values are greater than 75% RH throughout the monitoring period demonstrates the need for measures to conserve this historical stone masonry.
    Print ISSN: 1470-9236
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 10
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    Real-time x-ray studies of crystal growth modes during metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy of GaN on c- and m-plane single crystals (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-05
    Description: Non-polar orientations of III-nitride semiconductors have attracted significant interest due to their potential application in optoelectronic devices with enhanced efficiency. Using in situ surface x-ray scattering during metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of GaN on non-polar (m-plane) and polar (c-plane) orientations of single crystal substrates, we have observed the homoepitaxial growth modes as a function of temperature and growth rate. On the m-plane surface, we observe all three growth modes (step-flow, layer-by-layer, and three-dimensional) as conditions are varied. In contrast, the +c-plane surface exhibits a direct crossover between step-flow and 3D growth, with no layer-by-layer regime. The apparent activation energy of 2.8 ± 0.2 eV observed for the growth rate at the layer-by-layer to step-flow boundary on the m-plane surface is consistent with those observed for MOVPE growth of other III-V compounds, indicating a large critical nucleus size for islands.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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