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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (19)
  • Organic Chemistry  (16)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (7)
  • 2010-2014  (7)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (22)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1940-1944  (1)
  • 1930-1934
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 54 (1982), S. 809-817 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New battery systems. The reversible storage of electrical energy plays a central role in the development of electric vehicles, load levelling in power stations, and technical utilization of solar energy. Electrochemistry offers interesting solutions with optimal energy density; however, these have reached technical maturity in only a few cases. The conventional lead/acid accumulator is being further improved among aqueous systems. Moreover, various other lines of development have been initiated in recent years, such as nickel/zinc and chlorine/zinc accumulators, which offer totally fresh perspectives from an electrochemical and engineering point of view. In the case of zinc/air and aluminium/air batteries, external redeposition of the metal is envisaged. From a practical point of view, aqueous systems are unsurpassable. Metals with an extremely high negative potential like sodium or lithium can only be cycled in the absence of water. Systems with molten salts or solid electrolytes do not suffer from this drawback. The sodium/sulfur battery, which is characterized by readily available cell components of low environmental impact, is presently undergoing intensive development. However, thermal discharge represents a technical problem. The future of these new developments will be governed by their economics, energy density, energy efficiency, power density, and last but not least by their cyclability. These properties have not yet been optimized in a single system.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3569-3577 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A model N-methylol reactant system based on pyrrolidone derivatives has been used to study the chemical factors that control formaldehyde release. Fabric samples of known composition were prepared from chemically pure reactants and formaldehyde release was determined by the AATCC Sealed Jar Test. This work provides support for prior suggestions and a more direct approach for understanding unexpected results from tests on post-and precure fabrics. In addition, new findings demonstrate that the N-methylol reactant, its byproducts, and pure zinc nitrate are capable of reducing the level of formaldehyde release.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 10 (1998), S. 229-237 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: deuterium labelling ; menthocitronellol ; citronellol ; enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (enantio-MDGC-MS) ; dynamic headspace analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mechanistic aspects of the biogenesis of the chiral monoterpenoid rose oxide in Pelargonium graveolens L'Héritier are investigated using deuterium-labelled precursors. After administration of the precursors using the cut-stem method, the dynamic headspace extracts of the plants are analysed using multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (enantio-MDGC-MS). It is unequivocally shown that this plant is able to convert citronellol and menthocitronellol into cis-/trans-rose oxide. Menthocitronellol is converted into rose oxide with a clearly detectable enantiodiscrimination. These facts may be explained with the presence of an oxidase, which is able to oxidize citronellol and menthocitronellol in allylic position. A photooxygenation mechanism including singlet oxygen as the oxidizing agent is rather unlikely. Chirality 10:229-237, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 503-510 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantioseparations ; carrageenans ; sulfated polysaccharides ; beta blockers ; tryptophan and derivatives ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lambda-carrageenan, a linear high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide, has been employed as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis for the separation of enantiomers of weakly basic pharmaceutical compounds. The racemic compounds that were enantioresolved included propranolol, pindolol, tryptophanol, laudanosine and laudanosoline. In addition, the diastereomeric pair of cinchonine and cinchonidine were also resolved. Method conditions such as buffer pH, electrolyte concentration, column temperature, and chiral selector concentration were found to be important for improvement of enantioselectivity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 142-148 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal-mechanical and isothermal fatigue behaviour of the nickel-base superalloy IN 792 CCMany components used in high temperature applications are exposed to complex thermal-mechanical loadings during operation. For this reason the effect of start-stop-cycles with thermalmechanical fatigue (TMF) as consequence was investigated by means of In-Phase(IP)and Out-of-Phase (OP) TMF tests. The fatigue life of the γ'hardend nickel-base cast superalloy IN 792 CC decreases with increasing maximum temperatures Tmax of the TMF cycles, due to the increasing plastic deformations and the increasing mean stress (OP-TMF) or increasing intergranular; damage (IP-TMF), respectively. These relations can be satisfactorily described using the Manson-Coffin-relationship or the damage parameters of Smith-Watson-Topper and Ostergren. By contrast, the influence of different phase shifts between temperature and mechanical loading also cannot be approximately described with one consistant relation between damage parameters and fatigue life. The evaluation of TMF loadings based on results from isothermal LCF-tests with the same frequency and respective mechanical strain leads always to an overrating of the fatigue life, even if the temperature of the isothermal test is the maximum temperature of the TMF cycle. This applies when comparing mechanical loading values as well as when comparing damage parameters.
    Notes: Beim Betrieb von Anlagen unter erhöhter Temperatur sind Bauteile Komplexen thermisch-mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt. Deshalb wurde die Auswirkung von wiederholten Anfahr- und Abfahrvorgängen, die thermisch-mechanische Ermüdungsbelastungen (TMF) zur Folge haben, mit Hilfe von Out-of-Phase (OP) und In-Phase (IP) TMF Experimenten untersucht. An der γ'verfestigten Nickelbasis-Gußlegierung IN 792 CC nimmt die Lebensdauer mit steigender Maximaltemperatur Tmax der TMF Zyklen aufgrund der wachsenden plastischen Verformungen und der zunehmenden Mittelspannungen (bei OP-TMF) bzw. der wachsenden intergranularen Schädigung (bie IP-TMF) ab. Diese Zusammenhänge können für IP-TMF bzw. OP-TMF getrennt durch die Manson-Coffin-Beziehung oder die Schädigungsparameter nach Smith-Watson-Topper und Ostergren befriedigend beschrieben werden. Der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Phasenlagenzwischen Temperatur und mechanischer Beanspruchung läßt sich dagegen auch nicht näherungsweise auf einen einheitlichen Zusammenhang zwischen Schädigungsparameter und Lebensdauer abbilden. Die Bewertung von TMF-Beanspruchungen; durch Ergebnisse isothermer LCF-Versuche mit gleicher Versuchsfrequenz und jeweils vergleichbaren mechanischen Belastungen führt stets zu einer Lebensdauerüberschätzung, auch wenn als Referenz isotherme Versuche bei der Maximaltemperatur des TMF-Zyklus herangezogen werden. Dies gilt sowohl für den Vergleich basierend auf mechanischen Beanspruchungsgrößen, als auch für den Vergleich anhand von Schädigungsparametern.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 338 (1996), S. 179-181 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ozonides of Isomeric Octalins by Dry Ozonolysis on Polyethylene
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 1993-1999 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Ozonides ; Cycloolefins ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ozonolyses in pentane of the unsubstituted cycloolefins having eleven-, twelve-, fourteen- and sixteen-membered rings (1b-e) and of cyclohexadecen-8-one (12) gave the corresponding cis- (2b-e; cis-15a) and trans-ozonides (3b-e; trans-15a), whereas cyclodecene (1a) gave only the corresponding cis-ozonide (2a). Ozonolyses on polyethylene of the dimethyl-substituted cycloolefins bearing fourteen- and sixteen-membered rings (7b, c) also afforded cis- and trans-isomeric ozonides (8, 9), whereas from the twelve-membered ring (7a) only the corresponding cis-ozonide (8a) was formed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 8 (1996), S. 381-384 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 2189-2194 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Nitroxide radicals ; 2,5-Dihydroimidazoles ; Hydroxylamines, secondary ; α-Keto hydroxylamines ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of functionalized 2,5-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-R1-2-R2-4-R3-imidazoles were prepared by cyclocondensation of α-oxo hydroxylamines with ketones R1R2C = O in the presence of ammonia (R1 = R2 = 2-pyridyl, 4,5-diazafluoren-9-ylene, R3 = Me; R1 = CH2OCOMe, CH2OCOPh, 2-thienyl, CH2OH, CO2K, R2 = R3 = Me; R1 = Py, R2 = Me, R3 = Ph; R1 = R2 = CH2OCOPh, CH2OH, R3 = Me) and oxidized to the corresponding nitroxide radicals. The structures of 2′,5′-dihydro-1′-hydroxy-4′,5′,5′-trimethylspiro[4,5-diazafluoren-9,2′-imidazole] (2) and of 2-(acetoxymethyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl (14) were determined by X-ray diffraction. In the crystal 2 forms one-dimensional chains through hydrogen bonding between N atoms of the hydroxylamine and imidazoline groups.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 447-459 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von vorbehandeltem Aluminium nach der kathodischen ElektrotauchlackierungDie Kathodische Elektrotauchlackierung (KTL) ist seit nahezu zwei Jahrzehnten bei der industriellen Abscheidung von Grundierungen auf Stahl gut eingeführt. Epoxidharze ergeben optimale Resultate. Es besteht ein zunehmender Bedarf, dieselbe Technik für Aluminium anzuwenden, speziell für die Mischbauweise Eisen/Aluminium bei Autokarosserien. Allerdings kann dieses Metall durch die OH- -Ionen angegriffen werden, die bei der kathodischen Elektrolyse von Wasser gemäß H2O + e- → ½ H2 + OH entstehen. Die. Al2O · xH2O Schutzschicht kann sich langsam auflösen als Aluminat, und dann reagiert das Al-Metall schnell mit Wasser unter Bildung des dreifachen Volumens an Wasserstoff, wobei die oxidische Schicht wiederhergestellt wird. Demgemäß ist die Bruttoreaktion für die kathodische Korrosion des Al gegeben durch: Al + 2H2O + e- → AlO2- + 2H2.Es ist zu erwarten, daß die Änderungen an der Phasengrenze Al/AlOOH/Lack und die Akkumulation von hydrolisiertem Aluminat im Überzug unter anderem auch das Korrosionsschutzverhalten der Lackschichten beeinflussen könnten. Eine systematische Untersuchung des Einfusses von vier verschiedenen technischen Epoxidharzen von BASF Lacke & Farben AG (l)-(4) mit ihren individuellen Pigmentsystemen, wobei das eine für den Lack 3 frei von Bleisilikat war, wurde unternommen. Sieben verschiedene Aluminium (Legierungs) Substrate warden verwendet. Die Art der Vorbehandlung war in den meisten Fällen eine Zinkphosphatierung. Drei Standard-Korrosionstests für die konventionelle Korrosion (KK) und eine für Filiformkorrosion (FFK) wurden angewandt und standardmäßig ausgewertet. Der verschärfte Freibewitterungs-Korrosionstest dauerte 360 Tage.Es wurde gefunden, daß die Korrosionsschutzwirksamkeit für die KK hauptsächlich durch das Harz beeinflußt wurde, wobei sie in der folgenden Reihenfolge abnahm: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (4) 〉 (2) 〉 (1),\,(3). $$\end{document}Der Einfluß des Substrats war nicht sehr ausgeprägt, aber ein relatives Optimum konnte erkannt werden mit Al Mg 0.4 Si 1.2 mit Gelbchromatierung und Bonazinc 2000® und mit Al Mg 1.5 Si 0.5 Cu 4.0 mit Gelbchromatierung (mit einer Ausnahme). Die Reihenfolge der Wirksamkeit gegen die FFK änderte sich wie folgt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (2) 〉 (3) 〉 〉 (1),\,(4), $$\end{document} und zinkphosphatiertes Al Mg 3 war allen anderen Substraten überlegen. Die analytisch bestimmte Geschwindigkeit der kathodischen Korrosion für unpigmentierte Lacke korrelierte nicht mit diesen Resultaten, und dies konnte indikativ sein für spezifische Pigmenteffekte. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, daß these systematische Untersuchung auf der Basis von praktischen Systemen und Korrosionstestmethoden einen Weg aufzeigt für die Optimierung der KTL auf Aluminium.
    Notes: Cathodic deposition of paint (CDP) is Well introduced for the industrial coating of primers onto steel since nearly two decades. Epoxy resins provide optimum results. There is an increasing demand to apply the same technique for aluminium, especially for mixed constructions Fe/Al in motor car bodies. However, this metal may be attacked by the OH--ions, generated by the cathodic electrolysis of water according to: H2O + e- → ½ H2 + OH-. The Al2O3 · xH2O protecting layer may dissolve slowly as aluminate and Al-metal then reacts rapidly with water to generate the threefold volume of hydrogen under the reestablishment of the oxide layer. Thus, the overall reaction for this cathodic corrosion of Al is given by: Al + 2H2O + e- → AlO2- + 2H2.It can be foreseen, that the changes at the phase boundary Al, AlOOH/paint and the accumulation of hydrolysed aluminate in the coating may influence, among other, the corrosion protection behavior of the paint layers. A systematic study of the influence of four different industrial epoxy resins from BASF Lacks & Farben AG (1)-(4) with their individual pigment systems, the one for paint (3) to be free of lead silicate, was undertaken. Seven different aluminium (alloy) substrates were employed. Their pretreatment modes were mostly due to zincphosphatation. Three standard corrosion tests for conventional corrosion, (CC) and one for filiform corrosion (FFC) were employed and evaluated, as usual. The accelerated open air corrosion test lasted 360 days.It was found, that for CC the corrosion protection capability was predominantly influenced by the resin, and it decreased in the following order: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (4) 〉 (2) 〉 (1),\,(3). $$\end{document}The effect of the substrate was not very pronounced, but a relative optimum could be seen with Al Mg 0.4 Si 1.2-chromate pretreatment and Bonazinc 2000® and with Al Mg 1.5 Si 0.5 Cu 4.0-chromate pretreatment (with one exception). The ranking for FFC changed to: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (2) 〉 (3) 〉 〉 (1),\,(4), $$\end{document}, and zincphosphated Al Mg 3 was superior over all the other substrates. The analytically determined rate of cathodic corrosion for unpigmented paints did not correlate to these results, and this may be indicative for specific pigment effects. In conclusion, this systematic study reveals, on the basis of practical systems and corrosion test methods, a way for the optimization of CDP on aluminium.
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