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  • 1
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    GTF2IRD1 in craniofacial development of humans and mice (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: Craniofacial abnormalities account for about one-third of all human congenital defects, but our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing craniofacial development is incomplete. We show that GTF2IRD1 is a genetic determinant of mammalian craniofacial and cognitive development, and we implicate another member of the TFII-I transcription factor family, GTF2I, in both aspects. Gtf2ird1-null mice exhibit phenotypic abnormalities reminiscent of the human microdeletion disorder Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS); craniofacial imaging reveals abnormalities in both skull and jaws that may arise through misregulation of goosecoid, a downstream target of Gtf2ird1. In humans, a rare WBS individual with an atypical deletion, including GTF2IRD1, shows facial dysmorphism and cognitive deficits that differ from those of classic WBS cases. We propose a mechanism of cumulative dosage effects of duplicated and diverged genes applicable to other human chromosomal disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tassabehji, May -- Hammond, Peter -- Karmiloff-Smith, Annette -- Thompson, Pamela -- Thorgeirsson, Snorri S -- Durkin, Marian E -- Popescu, Nicholas C -- Hutton, Timothy -- Metcalfe, Kay -- Rucka, Agnes -- Stewart, Helen -- Read, Andrew P -- Maconochie, Mark -- Donnai, Dian -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1184-7. Epub 2005 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Academic Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. m.tassabehji@manchester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/*genetics ; Face/*embryology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Goosecoid Protein/genetics/physiology ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Proteins/*physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/*physiology ; Skull/*embryology ; Trans-Activators/*physiology ; Transcription Factors, TFII/physiology ; Williams Syndrome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A Bio-Economic Assessment of the West Coast Deep-Sea Hake Fishery with Referede to the Optimal Utitlization and Management of the Resource. (2005)
    CEEPA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The cooperative versus non-cooperative management of the South African west coast hake stock is explored using game theoretic modelling in conjunction with an age-structured model. The age-structured model is used to produce a physical flow account for input into national resource accounts. Between 1989 and 1998, the average catch of hake on the west coast was 92000 tons, most of which was harvested by the demersal trawl sector. The physical flow account indicates that the conservative re-building management strategy pursued for the fishery over the same time period mentioned above, has resulted in a 29% increase in the demersal trawl catch over the last decade. We simulated the effects of alternative quota restrictions on two fishing sectors (the established demersal trawl fleet and the new longline sector) that compete for the rights to fish the stock. The results from the bio-economic analysis (which forms a basis for a monetary flow account as we calculate the Net Present Value of the stock) indicate that the greatest rent can be obtained by allocating a share of the total allowable catch (TAC) to longliners. This share that achieves the greatest benefits approximates the current TAC allocations to each sector under the present conservative management policy implemented by the management authority, assuming one takes into account the uncertainties inherit in a computational exercise like ours. This outcome implies that the current management initiatives by the government are such that they meet the objectives of the new Marine Living Resources Act. That is, the need to achieve optimal utilisation of resources is being adequately implemented....
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Hake fisheries ; Economic analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: 170547 bytes
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  • 3
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    Government-industry co-management arrangements within the south african deep-sea hake fishery (2005)
    ICLARM
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: As part of a global comparative study of user-participation in fisheries management, a neo-institutional economic framework analysis is applied to the South African Deep-sea Hake Fishery to evaluate past and present co-management arrangements. It is postulated that the comprehensive partnerships that exist will struggle to remain legitimate and functional during major changes in the access-rights regime. The government is redistributing quota to new entrants and previously-disadvantaged South Africans, resulting in competition between the established demersal trawl fleet and a new longline sector for access rights. The established industry is currently undertaking restructuring via investment schemes, joint ventures and share agreements. The relationship between rights to fish a resource and user-participation in management is one where, due to uncertainty, the participants are investing in negotiating security of tenure rather than in co-management arrangements. The current restructuring and institutional changes are thus impacting on the extensive interaction that existed in the past between the industry and the government. Over the last two decades, extensive government-industry commitments to rebuilding has reversed the declining trends in CPUE (tons landed per standard vessel day) observed in the 1960s and 1970s, and the hake stock off the west coast of South Africa is now managed at sustainable levels. The challenge in the future is for the government to engage in co-management arrangements, which replicate the successful agreements of the past with all the stakeholders; that is, both the established industry and the new participants
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hake fisheries ; Capture fishery economics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: 352689 bytes
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  • 4
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    An investigation of human vs. technology-induced variation in catchability for a selection of European fishing fleets (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: Mahévas, S., Vermard, Y., Hutton, T., Iriondo, A., Jadaud, A., Maravelias, C. D., Punzón, A., Sacchi, J., Tidd, A., Tsitsika, E., Marchal, P., Goascoz, N., Mortreux, S., and Roos, D. 2011. An investigation of human vs. technology-induced variation in catchability for a selection of European fishing fleets. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2252–2263. The impact of the fishing effort exerted by a vessel on a population depends on catchability, which depends on population accessibility and fishing power. The work investigated whether the variation in fishing power could be the result of the technical characteristics of a vessel and/or its gear or whether it is a reflection of inter-vessel differences not accounted for by the technical attributes. These inter-vessel differences could be indicative of a skipper/crew experience effect. To improve understanding of the relationships, landings per unit effort (lpue) from logbooks and technical information on vessels and gears (collected during interviews) were used to identify variables that explained variations in fishing power. The analysis was undertaken by applying a combination of generalized additive models and generalized linear models to data from several European fleets. The study highlights the fact that taking into account information that is not routinely collected, e.g. length of headline, weight of otter boards, or type of groundrope, will significantly improve the modelled relationships between lpue and the variables that measure relative fishing power. The magnitude of the skipper/crew experience effect was weaker than the technical effect of the vessel and/or its gear.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Trade-offs in managing a natural resource [Sustainability Science] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-27
    Description: Evaluating the success of natural resource management approaches requires methods to measure performance against biological, economic, social, and governance objectives. In fisheries, most research has focused on industrial sectors, with the contributions to global resource use by small-scale and indigenous hunters and fishers undervalued. Globally, the small-scale fisheries sector alone...
    Keywords: Sustainability Science
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Predicting the effects of area closures and fishing effort restrictions on the production, biomass, and species richness of benthic invertebrate communities (2006)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Description: To effectively implement an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF), managers need to consider the effects of management actions on the fishery and the ecosystem. Methods for assessing the effects on target stocks are generally well developed, but methods for assessing the effects on other components and attributes of the ecosystem are not. Area closures and effort controls are widely used fishery management tools that affect the distribution of fishing effort and may therefore have consequences for a range of species and habitats. An approach is developed to predict the effects of area closures and effort control on the biomass, production, and species richness of benthic communities in the North Sea. The redistribution of beam trawling effort as a result of management action was modelled with a random utility model, assuming that fishers selected fishing grounds on the basis of their knowledge of past catch rates. The effects of trawling on benthic invertebrates were predicted using a size-based model that accounted for differences in habitat among fishing grounds. Our simulations demonstrated that closures of different sizes and in different locations could have positive or negative effects on benthic communities. These predicted effects resulted from the trade-off between recovery in the closed areas and additional trawling effects in the open areas that arose from displaced fishing activity. In the absence of effort controls, closure of lightly fished areas had the strongest positive effect on benthic communities. Effort reduction also had a positive effect. Therefore, area closures in lightly fished areas, coupled with effort reduction, are expected to minimize the effects of fishing on benthic communities. As it was not possible to access full international data for the North Sea beam trawl fleet, the results of the analyses are illustrative rather than complete. Nevertheless, what is demonstrated is an effective approach for assessing the environmental consequences of fishery management action that can be used to inform management decision-making as part of an EAF.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
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  • 7
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    The OptIPuter microscopy demonstrator: enabling science through a transatlantic lightpath (2009)
    The Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-13
    Description: The OptIPuter microscopy demonstrator project has been designed to enable concurrent and remote usage of world-class electron microscopes located in Oxford and San Diego. The project has constructed a network consisting of microscopes and computational and data resources that are all connected by a dedicated network infrastructure using the UK Lightpath and US Starlight systems. Key science drivers include examples from both materials and biological science. The resulting system is now a permanent link between the Oxford and San Diego microscopy centres. This will form the basis of further projects between the sites and expansion of the types of systems that can be remotely controlled, including optical, as well as electron, microscopy. Other improvements will include the updating of the Microsoft cluster software to the high performance computing (HPC) server 2008, which includes the HPC basic profile implementation that will enable the development of interoperable clients.
    Print ISSN: 1364-503X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2962
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics , Technology
    Published by The Royal Society
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