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  • Aerospace Medicine  (4)
  • Chemistry  (3)
  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 2005-2009  (1)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Di-p-hydrido-bis[1,3-propanbis(dicyclohexylphosphin)]dinickel(Ni—Ni) - Der Bindungszustand in einem Dreizentren-Wasserstoff-überbrückten Ni—Ni-SystemDie Kristallstruktur der Titelverbindung [(C6H11)2PCH2CH2CH2P(C6H11)2NiH]2 (1) wurde aus 4051 Reflexen abgeleitet und zu einem R-Wert von 0.044 verfeinert. Lageparameter aller Wasserstoffatome konnten einer Differenz-Fourier-Synthese entnommen werden. Die Struktur der diamagnetischen Verbindung setzt sich aus zwei P2Ni-Untereinheiten zusammen, welche zweifach mit Wasserstoffatomen (Ni—H 1.6 Å) überbrückt sind. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein bindender Ni—Ni-Abstand von 2.441(1) Å. Im Kristallgitter bilden die Ebenen durch die P2Ni-Untereinheiten einen Interplanarwinkel von 63.3°. Theoretische Betrachtungen sagen für das freie Molekül eine quadratisch planare Anordnung voraus, doch ergibt sich für die Drehbewegung zur beobachteten Geometrie nur eine flache Potentialenergiefläche. Die gefundene Verdrillung resultiert aus starken intramolekularen Abstoßungskräften zwischen den Cyclohexylgruppen der zwei P2Ni-Einheiten.
    Notes: The crystal structure of the title compound, [(C6H11)2PCH2CH2CH2P(C6H11)2NiH]2 (1), has been determined from 4051 reflections and refined to a final R-value of 0.044. The positions of the hydrogen atoms (bridging and non-bridging) have been determined from a difference Fourier synthesis. The molecular structure of the diamagnetic compound consists of subunits doubly-bridged by hydrogen atoms. The Ni—Ni and average Ni—H distances are 2.441 and 1.6 Å, respectively. In the solid state the two planes of the P2Ni units form a dihedral angle of 63.3°. Theoretical considerations predict a square-planar structure for the idealized molecule with a soft potential energy surface for a twisting motion towards the observed geometry. The observed twist is the result of severe intramolecular repulsions between the cyclohexyl groups of the two P2Ni units.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe synthetischer Polyglukose-carboxylderivate mit verschiedenem Carboxylgehalt wurde zur Hemmung der Ribonuklease-entpolymerisierenden Wirkung an Ribonukleinsäure, die nach der KUNITZ-Probe gemessen wurde, verwandt. Die enzymhemmende Wirkung nahm mit der Ladungsdichte der Polyglukose-carboxylderivate stark zu.Durch diese und ähnliche Experimente ergibt sich, daß COULOMB-Anziehungskräfte beim Zusammenführen von Enzym und Substrat eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
    Notes: A series of synthetic polyglucose carboxyl derivatives with different carboxyl content has been used to inhibit ribonuclease depolymerizing activity on ribonucleic acid as measured by the KUNITZ assay. The enzyme inhibitory activity increased greatly with the charge density of the polyglucose carboxyl derivatives.From this and similar experiments it is concluded, that COULOMBIC attracting forces have an important role in bringing the enzyme and the substrate together.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Key steps in a proposed automated system for polypeptide sequencing utilizing a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer computer system have been tested with mixtures containing up to six model oligopeptides. At the low nanomole level it was possible to obtain complete sequence information for all components in many, but not all, of the mixtures tried. Interpretation of the results is complicated by the presence of numerous side-products formed in the derivatization process. Minimization of such impurities will be necessary to reduce the ambiguity of the sequence information resulting from more complex mixtures, such as those expected from the degradation of larger polypeptides, and to reduce sample requirements to the subnanomole level. However, the present system appears to have unique advantages over other proposed automated methods.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Stable type chromosome aberrations that survive multiple generations of cell division include translocation and inversions. An efficient method to detect an inversion is multi-color banding fluorescent in situ hybridization (mBAND) which allows identification of both inter- and intrachromosome aberrations simultaneously. Post irradiation, chromosome aberrations may also arise after multiple cell divisions as a result of genomic instability. To investigate the stable or late-arising chromosome aberrations induced after radiation exposure, we exposed human lymphocytes to gamma rays and Fe ions ex vivo, and cultured the cells for multiple generations. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in cells collected at first mitosis and at several time intervals during the culture period post irradiation. With gamma irradiation, about half of the damages observed at first mitosis remained after 7 day- and 14 day- culture, suggesting the transmissibility of damages to the surviving progeny. At the doses that produced similar frequencies of gamma-induced chromosome aberrations as observed at first mitosis, a significantly lower yield of aberrations remained at the same population doublings after Fe ion exposure. At these equitoxic doses, more complex type aberrations were observed for Fe ions, indicating that Fe ion-induced initial chromosome damages are more severe and may lead to cell death. Detailed analysis of breaks participating in total chromosome exchanges within the first cell cycle post irradiation revealed a common hotspot located in the 3p21 region, which is a known fragile site corresponding to the band 6 in the mBand analysis. The breakpoint distribution in chromosomes collected at 7 days, but not at 14 days, post irradiation appeared similar to the distribution in cells collected within the first cell cycle post irradiation. The breakpoint distribution for human lymphocytes after radiation exposure was different from the previously published distribution for human mammary epithelial cells, indicating that interphase chromatin folding structures play a role in the distribution of radiation-induced breaks.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-28822 , HITSRS2013. Hyeavy Ion in Therapy and Space Radiation Symposium 2013; May 15, 2013 - May 18, 2013; Chiba; Japan
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Lung cancer induced from exposure to space radiation is believed to be one of the most significant health risks for long-term space travels. In a previous study, normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), immortalized through the expression of Cdk4 and hTERT, were exposed to gamma rays and high energy Fe ions for the selection of transformed clones induced by low- and high-LET radiation. In this research, we analyzed chromosome aberrations in these selected clones for genomic instability using the multi-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (mFISH), as well as the multi-banding in situ hybridization (mBAND) techniques. In most of the clones, we found chromosomal aberrations involving translocations between different chromosomes, with several of the breaks occurred in the q-arm of chromosome 3. We also identified copy number variations between the transformed clones and the parental HBEC cells regardless of the exposure condition. Our results indicated that the chromosomal aberrations in low- and high radiation-induced transformed clones are inadequately different from spontaneous soft agar growth. Further analysis is underway to reveal the genomic instability in more transformed clones
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-32211 , NASA''s Human Research Program Investgator''s Workshop; Jan 13, 2015 - Jan 15, 2015; Galveston, TX; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Numerous published studies have reported the RBE values for chromosome chromosomes induced by charged particles of different LET. The RBE for chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed ex vivo showed a similar relationship as the quality factor for cancer induction. Consequently, increased chromosome aberrations in the astronauts' white blood cells post long-duration missions are used to determine the biological doses from exposures to space radiation. The RBE value is known to be very different for different types of cancer. Previously, we reported that the RBE for initial chromosome damages was high in human lymphocytes exposed to Fe ions. After multiple cell divisions post irradiation, the RBE was significantly smaller. To test the hypothesis that the RBE values for chromosome aberrations are different between early and late damages and also different between different cell types, we exposed human lymphocytes ex vivo, and human fibroblast cells and human mammary epithelial cells in vitro to 600 MeV/u Fe ions. Post irradiation, the cells were collected at first mitosis, or cultured for multiple generations for collections of remaining or late arising chromosome aberrations. The chromosome aberrations were quantified using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome specific probes. This study attempts to offer an explanation for the varying RBE values for different cancer types.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-32212 , NASA''s Human Research Program Investigator''s Workshop; Jan 13, 2015 - Jan 15, 2015; Galveston, TX; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Microgravity induces inflammatory responses and modulates immune functions that may increase oxidative stress. Exposure to a microgravity environment induces adverse neurological effects; however, there is little research exploring the etiology of these effects resulting from exposure to such an environment. It is also known that spaceflight is associated with increase in oxidative stress; however, this phenomenon has not been reproduced in land-based simulated microgravity models. In this study, an attempt has been made to show the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mice brain, using ground-based microgravity simulator. Increased ROS was observed in brain stem and frontal cortex with concomitant decrease in glutathione, on exposing mice to simulated microgravity for 7 d. Oxidative stress-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in all the regions of the brain. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase was phosphorylated equally in all regions of the brain exposed to simulated microgravity. These results suggest that exposure of brain to simulated microgravity can induce expression of certain transcription factors, and these have been earlier argued to be oxidative stress dependent.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal (ISSN 1071-2690); 41; 4-Mar; 118-23
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