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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: Oncogenes are activated through well-known chromosomal alterations such as gene fusion, translocation, and focal amplification. In light of recent evidence that the control of key genes depends on chromosome structures called insulated neighborhoods, we investigated whether proto-oncogenes occur within these structures and whether oncogene activation can occur via disruption of insulated neighborhood boundaries in cancer cells. We mapped insulated neighborhoods in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and found that tumor cell genomes contain recurrent microdeletions that eliminate the boundary sites of insulated neighborhoods containing prominent T-ALL proto-oncogenes. Perturbation of such boundaries in nonmalignant cells was sufficient to activate proto-oncogenes. Mutations affecting chromosome neighborhood boundaries were found in many types of cancer. Thus, oncogene activation can occur via genetic alterations that disrupt insulated neighborhoods in malignant cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hnisz, Denes -- Weintraub, Abraham S -- Day, Daniel S -- Valton, Anne-Laure -- Bak, Rasmus O -- Li, Charles H -- Goldmann, Johanna -- Lajoie, Bryan R -- Fan, Zi Peng -- Sigova, Alla A -- Reddy, Jessica -- Borges-Rivera, Diego -- Lee, Tong Ihn -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Porteus, Matthew H -- Dekker, Job -- Young, Richard A -- AI120766/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA109901/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MH104610/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS088538/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM 112720/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003143/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH104610/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 DA 040588/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG007910/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 R01 AI 117839/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA193419/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 DK107980/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG007010/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1454-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9024. Epub 2016 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. young@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mutation ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogenes/*genetics ; *Sequence Deletion ; Transcriptional Activation ; *Translocation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-04-21
    Description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with complex diseases, but mechanistic insights are impeded by a lack of understanding of how specific risk variants functionally contribute to the underlying pathogenesis. It has been proposed that cis-acting effects of non-coding risk variants on gene expression are a major factor for phenotypic variation of complex traits and disease susceptibility. Recent genome-scale epigenetic studies have highlighted the enrichment of GWAS-identified variants in regulatory DNA elements of disease-relevant cell types. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-specific changes in transcription factor binding are correlated with heritable alterations in chromatin state and considered a major mediator of sequence-dependent regulation of gene expression. Here we describe a novel strategy to functionally dissect the cis-acting effect of genetic risk variants in regulatory elements on gene expression by combining genome-wide epigenetic information with clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells. By generating a genetically precisely controlled experimental system, we identify a common Parkinson's disease associated risk variant in a non-coding distal enhancer element that regulates the expression of alpha-synuclein (SNCA), a key gene implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Our data suggest that the transcriptional deregulation of SNCA is associated with sequence-dependent binding of the brain-specific transcription factors EMX2 and NKX6-1. This work establishes an experimental paradigm to functionally connect genetic variation with disease-relevant phenotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soldner, Frank -- Stelzer, Yonatan -- Shivalila, Chikdu S -- Abraham, Brian J -- Latourelle, Jeanne C -- Barrasa, M Inmaculada -- Goldmann, Johanna -- Myers, Richard H -- Young, Richard A -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- 1R01NS088538-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 2R01MH104610-15/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS088538/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 May 5;533(7601):95-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17939. Epub 2016 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Whitehead Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Masssachusetts 02118, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27096366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Brain/metabolism ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Parkinson Disease/*genetics ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Risk ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Los Angeles, Alejandro -- Ferrari, Francesco -- Fujiwara, Yuko -- Mathieu, Ronald -- Lee, Soohyun -- Lee, Semin -- Tu, Ho-Chou -- Ross, Samantha -- Chou, Stephanie -- Nguyen, Minh -- Wu, Zhaoting -- Theunissen, Thorold W -- Powell, Benjamin E -- Imsoonthornruksa, Sumeth -- Chen, Jiekai -- Borkent, Marti -- Krupalnik, Vladislav -- Lujan, Ernesto -- Wernig, Marius -- Hanna, Jacob H -- Hochedlinger, Konrad -- Pei, Duanqing -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Deng, Hongkui -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Park, Peter J -- Daley, George Q -- Nature. 2015 Dec 16. doi: 10.1038/nature16479.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Los Angeles, Alejandro -- Ferrari, Francesco -- Fujiwara, Yuko -- Mathieu, Ronald -- Lee, Soohyun -- Lee, Semin -- Tu, Ho-Chou -- Ross, Samantha -- Chou, Stephanie -- Nguyen, Minh -- Wu, Zhaoting -- Theunissen, Thorold W -- Powell, Benjamin E -- Imsoonthornruksa, Sumeth -- Chen, Jiekai -- Borkent, Marti -- Krupalnik, Vladislav -- Lujan, Ernesto -- Wernig, Marius -- Hanna, Jacob H -- Hochedlinger, Konrad -- Pei, Duanqing -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Deng, Hongkui -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Park, Peter J -- Daley, George Q -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):E6-9. doi: 10.1038/nature15513.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USApeter_park@hms.harvard.edu. ; Children's Hospital &Harvard Stem Cell Institute Flow Cytometry Research Facility, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Department of Development and Reproduction, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; College of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Los Angeles, Alejandro -- Ferrari, Francesco -- Xi, Ruibin -- Fujiwara, Yuko -- Benvenisty, Nissim -- Deng, Hongkui -- Hochedlinger, Konrad -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Lee, Soohyun -- Leitch, Harry G -- Lensch, M William -- Lujan, Ernesto -- Pei, Duanqing -- Rossant, Janet -- Wernig, Marius -- Park, Peter J -- Daley, George Q -- Nature. 2015 Dec 16. doi: 10.1038/nature16470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-09-25
    Description: Stem cells self-renew and generate specialized progeny through differentiation, but vary in the range of cells and tissues they generate, a property called developmental potency. Pluripotent stem cells produce all cells of an organism, while multipotent or unipotent stem cells regenerate only specific lineages or tissues. Defining stem-cell potency relies upon functional assays and diagnostic transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic states. Here we describe functional and molecular hallmarks of pluripotent stem cells, propose a checklist for their evaluation, and illustrate how forensic genomics can validate their provenance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Los Angeles, Alejandro -- Ferrari, Francesco -- Xi, Ruibin -- Fujiwara, Yuko -- Benvenisty, Nissim -- Deng, Hongkui -- Hochedlinger, Konrad -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Lee, Soohyun -- Leitch, Harry G -- Lensch, M William -- Lujan, Ernesto -- Pei, Duanqing -- Rossant, Janet -- Wernig, Marius -- Park, Peter J -- Daley, George Q -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):469-78. doi: 10.1038/nature15515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. ; College of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom. ; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China. ; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario ON M5G 0A4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Genomics ; Humans ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: Studies of human genetics and pathophysiology have implicated the regulation of autophagy in inflammation, neurodegeneration, infection, and autoimmunity. These findings have motivated the use of small-molecule probes to study how modulation of autophagy affects disease-associated phenotypes. Here, we describe the discovery of the small-molecule probe BRD5631 that is derived from...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: More than a thousand proteins are thought to contribute to mammalian chromatin and its regulation, but our understanding of the genomic occupancy and function of most of these proteins is limited. Here we describe an approach, which we call “chromatin proteomic profiling,” to identify proteins associated with genomic regions marked...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-02-10
    Description: The neural crest (NC) represents multipotent cells that arise at the interphase between ectoderm and prospective epidermis of the neurulating embryo. The NC has major clinical relevance because it is involved in both inherited and acquired developmental abnormalities. The aim of this study was to establish an experimental platform that...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-05-12
    Keywords: Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Development, Medicine, Diseases, Molecular Biology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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