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  • 1
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    Comment on "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds" (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Jarvis et al. (Research Articles, 12 December 2014, p. 1320) presented molecular clock analyses that suggested that most modern bird orders diverged just after the mass extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (about 66 million years ago). We demonstrate that this conclusion results from the use of a single inappropriate maximum bound, which effectively precludes the Cretaceous diversification overwhelmingly supported by previous molecular studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Kieren J -- Cooper, Alan -- Phillips, Matthew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1460. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1062.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia. kieren.mitchell@adelaide.edu.au. ; Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia. ; School of Earth, Environmental, and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*genetics ; *Genome ; *Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Auxin-Mediated Sterility Induction System for Longevity and Mating Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans (2018)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-01
    Description: The ability to control both the means and timing of sexual reproduction provides a powerful tool to understand not only fertilization but also life history trade-offs resulting from sexual reproduction. However, precisely controlling fertilization has proved a major challenge across model systems. An ideal sterility induction system should be external, non-toxic, and reversible. Using the auxin-inducible degradation system targeting the spe-44 gene within the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , we designed a means of externally inducing spermatogenesis arrest. We show that exposure to auxin during larval development induces both hermaphrodite self-sterility and male sterility. Moreover, male sterility can be reversed upon cessation of auxin exposure. The sterility induction system developed here has multiple applications in the fields of spermatogenesis and mating systems evolution. Importantly, this system is also a highly applicable tool for aging studies. In particular, we show that auxin-induced self-sterility is comparable to the commonly used chemically-induced FUdR sterility, while offering multiple benefits, including being less labor intensive, being non-toxic, and avoiding compound interactions with other experimental treatments.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 3
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    Pre-Impact Porosity Controls the Gravity Signature of Lunar Craters (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Description: We model the formation of lunar complex craters and investigate the effect of pre-impact porosity on their gravity signatures. We find that while pre-impact target porosities less than ~7% produce negative residual Bouguer anomalies (BAs), porosities greater than ~7% produce positive anomalies whose magnitude is greater for impacted surfaces with higher initial porosity. Negative anomalies result from pore space creation due to fracturing and dilatant bulking, and positive anomalies result from destruction of pore space due to shock wave compression. The central BA of craters larger than ~215 km in diameter, however, are invariably positive because of an underlying central mantle uplift. We conclude that the striking differences between the gravity signatures of craters on the Earth and Moon are the result of the higher average porosity and variable porosity of the lunar crust.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Effector CD8+ T-cell regulation by DNMT3a [Immunology and Inflammation] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: DNMT3a is a de novo DNA methyltransferase expressed robustly after T-cell activation that regulates plasticity of CD4+ T-cell cytokine expression. Here we show that DNMT3a is critical for directing early CD8+ T-cell effector and memory fate decisions. Whereas effector function of DNMT3a knockout T cells is normal, they develop more...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Orogen-parallel deformation of the Himalayan mid-crust: Insights from structural and magnetic fabric analyses of the Greater Himalayan Sequence, Annapurna-Dhaulagiri Himalaya, central Nepal (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Tectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-19
    Description: The metamorphic core of the Himalaya (Greater Himalayan Sequence, GHS), in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region, central Nepal recorded orogen-parallel stretching during mid-crustal evolution. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and field-based structural analyses suggest that mid-crustal deformation of the amphibolite facies core of the GHS occurred under an oblate/sub-oblate strain regime with associated formation of low-angle northward-dipping foliation. Magnetic and mineral stretching lineations lying within this foliation from the top of the GHS record right-lateral orogen-parallel stretching. We propose that oblate strain within a mid-crustal flow accommodated oblique convergence between India and the arcuate orogenic front without need for strain partitioning in the upper-crust. Oblate flattening may have also promoted orogen-parallel melt migration and development of melt-depleted regions between km 3 -scale leucogranite culminations at ~50-100 km intervals along orogen-strike. Following cessation of flow, continued oblique convergence led to upper-crustal strain partitioning between orogen-perpendicular convergence on thrust faults and orogen-parallel extension on normal and strike-slip faults. In the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri Himalaya, orogen-parallel stretching lineations are interpreted as a record of transition from mid-crustal orogen-perpendicular extrusion to upper-crustal orogen-parallel stretching. Our findings suggest that mid-crustal flow and upper-crustal extension could not be maintained simultaneously and support other studies from across the Himalaya, which propose an orogen-wide transition from mid-crustal orogen-perpendicular extrusion to upper-crustal orogen-parallel extension during the mid-Miocene. The 3D nature of oblate strain and orogen-parallel stretching cannot be replicated by 2D numerical simulations of the Himalayan orogen.
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Analysis of the neutron time-of-flight spectra from inertial confinement fusion experiments (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: Neutron time-of-flight diagnostics have long been used to characterize the neutron spectrum produced by inertial confinement fusion experiments. The primary diagnostic goals are to extract the d  +  t → n  +  α (DT) and d  +  d → n  +  3 He (DD) neutron yields and peak widths, and the amount DT scattering relative to its unscattered yield, also known as the down-scatter ratio ( DSR ). These quantities are used to infer yield weighted plasma conditions, such as ion temperature ( T ion ) and cold fuel areal density. We report on novel methodologies used to determine neutron yield, apparent T ion , and DSR . These methods invoke a single temperature, static fluid model to describe the neutron peaks from DD and DT reactions and a spline description of the DT spectrum to determine the DSR . Both measurements are performed using a forward modeling technique that includes corrections for line-of-sight attenuation and impulse response of the detection system. These methods produce typical uncertainties for DT T ion of 250 eV, 7% for DSR , and 9% for the DT neutron yield. For the DD values, the uncertainties are 290 eV for T ion and 10% for the neutron yield.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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