ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 2015-2019  (37)
  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Thermodynamic foundations of the Earth system (2016)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 141-15-89606
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 379 Seiten , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781107029941 , 1107029945
    URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9781107029941.pdf
    Language: English
    Note: Thermodynamics and the Earth systemEnergy and entropy -- The first and second law of thermodynamics -- Thermodynamic limits -- Dynamics, structures, and maximization -- Radiation -- Motion -- Hydrologic cycling -- Geochemical cycling -- Land -- Human activity -- The thermodynamic Earth system..
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    BOOK
    Link to Library Catalog
    get availability status
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wind speed reductions by large-scale wind turbine deployments lower turbine efficiencies and set low generation limits (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-14
    Description: Wind turbines generate electricity by removing kinetic energy from the atmosphere. Large numbers of wind turbines are likely to reduce wind speeds, which lowers estimates of electricity generation from what would be presumed from unaffected conditions. Here, we test how well wind power limits that account for this effect can be estimated without explicitly simulating atmospheric dynamics. We first use simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) that explicitly simulates the effects of wind turbines to derive wind power limits (GCM estimate), and compare them to a simple approach derived from the climatological conditions without turbines [vertical kinetic energy (VKE) estimate]. On land, we find strong agreement between the VKE and GCM estimates with respect to electricity generation rates (0.32 and 0.37 Wem−2) and wind speed reductions by 42 and 44%. Over ocean, the GCM estimate is about twice the VKE estimate (0.59 and 0.29 Wem−2) and yet with comparable wind speed reductions (50 and 42%). We then show that this bias can be corrected by modifying the downward momentum flux to the surface. Thus, large-scale limits to wind power use can be derived from climatological conditions without explicitly simulating atmospheric dynamics. Consistent with the GCM simulations, the approach estimates that only comparatively few land areas are suitable to generate more than 1 Wem−2of electricity and that larger deployment scales are likely to reduce the expected electricity generation rate of each turbine. We conclude that these atmospheric effects are relevant for planning the future expansion of wind power.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Two methods for estimating limits to large-scale wind power generation (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-24
    Description: Wind turbines remove kinetic energy from the atmospheric flow, which reduces wind speeds and limits generation rates of large wind farms. These interactions can be approximated using a vertical kinetic energy (VKE) flux method, which predicts that the maximum power generation potential is 26% of the instantaneous downward transport of kinetic energy using the preturbine climatology. We compare the energy flux method to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional atmospheric model equipped with a wind turbine parameterization over a 105 km2 region in the central United States. The WRF simulations yield a maximum generation of 1.1 We⋅m−2, whereas the VKE method predicts the time series while underestimating the maximum generation rate by about 50%. Because VKE derives the generation limit from the preturbine climatology, potential changes in the vertical kinetic energy flux from the free atmosphere are not considered. Such changes are important at night when WRF estimates are about twice the VKE value because wind turbines interact with the decoupled nocturnal low-level jet in this region. Daytime estimates agree better to 20% because the wind turbines induce comparatively small changes to the downward kinetic energy flux. This combination of downward transport limits and wind speed reductions explains why large-scale wind power generation in windy regions is limited to about 1 We⋅m−2, with VKE capturing this combination in a comparatively simple way.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reply to Badger and Volker: Correctly estimating wind resources at large scales requires more than simple extrapolation (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-12
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Effect of Elevation Bias in Interpolated Air Temperature Data Sets on Surface Warming in China During 1951-2015 (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-26
    Description: Although gridded air temperature data sets share much of the same observations, different rates of warming can be detected due to different approaches employed for considering elevation signatures in the interpolation processes. Here we examine the influence of varying spatiotemporal distribution of sites on surface warming in the long-term trend and over the recent warming hiatus period in China during 1951–2015. A suspicious cooling trend in raw interpolated air temperature time series is found in the 1950s, and 91% of which can be explained by the artificial elevation changes introduced by the interpolation process. We define the regression slope relating temperature difference and elevation difference as the bulk lapse rate of −5.6°C/km, which tends to be higher (−8.7°C/km) in dry regions but lower (−2.4°C/km) in wet regions. Compared to independent experimental observations, we find that the estimated monthly bulk lapse rates work well to capture the elevation bias. Significant improvement can be achieved in adjusting the interpolated original temperature time series using the bulk lapse rate. The results highlight that the developed bulk lapse rate is useful to account for the elevation signature in the interpolation of site-based surface air temperature to gridded data sets and is necessary for avoiding elevation bias in climate change studies. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Estimating global nitrous oxide emissions by lichens and bryophytes with a process-based productivity model (2017)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-28
    Description: Nitrous oxide is a strong greenhouse gas and atmospheric ozone-depleting agent which is largely emitted by soils. Recently, lichens and bryophytes have also been shown to release significant amounts of nitrous oxide. This finding relies on ecosystem-scale estimates of net primary productivity of lichens and bryophytes, which are converted to nitrous oxide emissions by empirical relationships between productivity and respiration, as well as between respiration and nitrous oxide release. Here we obtain an alternative estimate of nitrous oxide emissions which is based on a global process-based non-vascular vegetation model of lichens and bryophytes. The model quantifies photosynthesis and respiration of lichens and bryophytes directly as a function of environmental conditions, such as light and temperature. Nitrous oxide emissions are then derived from simulated respiration assuming a fixed relationship between the two fluxes. This approach yields a global estimate of 0.27 (0.19–0.35) (Tg N2O) year−1 released by lichens and bryophytes. This is lower than previous estimates but corresponds to about 50 % of the atmospheric deposition of nitrous oxide into the oceans or 25 % of the atmospheric deposition on land. Uncertainty in our simulated estimate results from large variation in emission rates due to both physiological differences between species and spatial heterogeneity of climatic conditions. To constrain our predictions, combined online gas exchange measurements of respiration and nitrous oxide emissions may be helpful.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An explanation for the different climate sensitivities of land and ocean surfaces based on the diurnal cycle (2017)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-25
    Description: Observations and climate model simulations consistently show a higher climate sensitivity of land surfaces compared to ocean surfaces. Here we show that this difference in temperature sensitivity can be explained by the different means by which the diurnal variation in solar radiation is buffered. While ocean surfaces buffer the diurnal variations by heat storage changes below the surface, land surfaces buffer it mostly by heat storage changes above the surface in the lower atmosphere that are reflected in the diurnal growth of a convective boundary layer. Storage changes below the surface allow the ocean surface–atmosphere system to maintain turbulent fluxes over day and night, while the land surface–atmosphere system maintains turbulent fluxes only during the daytime hours, when the surface is heated by absorption of solar radiation. This shorter duration of turbulent fluxes on land results in a greater sensitivity of the land surface–atmosphere system to changes in the greenhouse forcing because nighttime temperatures are shaped by radiative exchange only, which are more sensitive to changes in greenhouse forcing. We use a simple, analytic energy balance model of the surface–atmosphere system in which turbulent fluxes are constrained by the maximum power limit to estimate the effects of these different means to buffer the diurnal cycle on the resulting temperature sensitivities. The model predicts that land surfaces have a 50 % greater climate sensitivity than ocean surfaces, and that the nighttime temperatures on land increase about twice as much as daytime temperatures because of the absence of turbulent fluxes at night. Both predictions compare very well with observations and CMIP5 climate model simulations. Hence, the greater climate sensitivity of land surfaces can be explained by its buffering of diurnal variations in solar radiation in the lower atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 2190-4979
    Electronic ISSN: 2190-4987
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evaluating the effect of nutrient redistribution by animals on the phosphorus cycle of lowland Amazonia (2017)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-25
    Description: Amazonian ecosystems are of global importance for the climate system and biodiversity. Phosphorus (P) is suggested to be a limited nutrient in many Amazonian ecosystems because soils are ancient, highly weathered, and nutrient depleted. Recently, it has been suggested that large herbivores may play a major role in the Amazon nutrient cycle. Here, we develop this hypothesis further and show how the spatial redistribution of P from rivers to land, across different ecosystems and between sub-basins may even sustain the Amazonian P cycle, and this not only by means of large herbivores, which supposedly were present previously to human arrival to the contient, but by different animal foraging strategies that exist today. To do so, we introduce a simple mathematical framework, which synthesizes the major processes of the Amazonian P cycle and allows for quantifying their relative contribution to the P budget. With this model we use sensitivity analyses to demonstrate how animals can affect the P cycle. Our findings suggest the importance of the interweaved Amazonian ecology, including fish migrations, different flooding and soil moisture regimes as well as the role of different animal foraging strategies for a sustainable P cycling in these ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An explanation for the different climate sensitivities of land and ocean surfaces based on the diurnal cycle (2017)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-19
    Description: Observations and climate model simulations consistently show a higher climate sensitivity of land surfaces compared to ocean surfaces, with the cause for this difference being still unclear. Here we show that this difference in temperature sensitivity can be explained by the different means by which the diurnal variation in solar radiation is buffered. While ocean surfaces buffer the diurnal variations by heat storage changes below the surface, land surfaces buffer it mostly by heat storage changes above the surface in the lower atmosphere that are reflected in the diurnal growth of a convective boundary layer. Storage changes below the surface allow the ocean surface-atmosphere system to maintain turbulent fluxes over day and night, while the land surface-atmosphere system maintains turbulent fluxes only during the daytime hours when the surface is heated by absorption of solar radiation. This shorter duration of turbulent fluxes on land then results in a greater sensitivity of the land surface-atmosphere system to changes in the greenhouse forcing because nighttime temperatures are then shaped by radiative exchange only, which are more sensitive to changes in greenhouse forcing. We use a simple, analytic energy balance model of the surface-atmosphere system in which turbulent fluxes are constrained by the maximum power limit to estimate the effects of these different means to buffer the diurnal cycle on the resulting temperature sensitivities. The model predicts that land surfaces have a 50% greater climate sensitivity than ocean surfaces, and that the nighttime temperatures on land increase about twice as much as daytime temperatures because of the absence of turbulent fluxes at night. Both predictions compare very well with observations and CMIP 5 climate model simulations. Hence, the greater climate sensitivity of land surfaces can be explained by its buffering of diurnal variations of solar radiation in the lower atmosphere.
    Electronic ISSN: 2190-4995
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Do Surface and Air Temperatures Contain Similar Imprints of Evaporative Conditions? (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-04
    Description: Generally, surface and air temperatures seem closely related but we show that they respond differently to evaporative conditions. We evaluate the temperature increase in response to solar radiation for different evaporative fractions, using observations from the Southern Great Plains. The warming rate of air temperature decreases only by 1.7 × 10−3 K/(W m−2) from dry to moist conditions compared to a stronger reduction by 14 × 10−3 K/(W m−2) for surface temperature. The weaker response of air temperature to evaporative fraction is explained by the larger growth of boundary layer on drier days, which suppresses the warming of air. Estimates based on this explanation reproduce the warming rate of air temperature in observations. Our results show that diurnal variations of surface temperatures contain imprints of evapotranspiration while air temperatures do not. These findings appear important to be considered when using, analyzing, or interpreting temperature data in studies dealing with climate change, hydrology, or land-atmosphere interactions. © 2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...