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Description: Little is known about the life-history trade-offs and limitations, and the physiological mechanisms that are associated with phenotypic adaptation to future ocean conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the within- and trans-generation life-history responses and aerobic capacity of a marine polychaete, Ophryotrocha labronica, to elevated temperature and elevated temperature combined with elevated salinity for its entire lifespan. In addition, transplants between treatments were carried out at both the egg mass and juvenile stage to identify the potential influence of developmental effects. Within-generation, life-history trade-offs caused by the timing of transplant were only detected under elevated temperature combined with elevated salinity conditions. Polychaetes transplanted at the egg mass stage grew slower and had lower activities of energy metabolism enzymes but reached a larger maximum body size and lived longer when compared with those transplanted as juveniles. Trans-generation exposure to both elevated temperature and elevated temperature and salinity conditions restored 20 and 21% of lifespan fecundity, respectively. Trans-generation exposure to elevated temperature conditions also resulted in a trade-off between juvenile growth rates and lifespan fecundity, with slower growers showing greater fecundity. Overall, our results suggest that future ocean conditions may select for slower growers. Furthermore, our results indicate that life-history trade-offs and limitations will be more prevalent with the shift of multiple global change drivers, and thus there will be greater constraints on adaptive potential. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

Print ISSN: 0962-8436

Electronic ISSN: 1471-2970

Topics: Biology

Published by The Royal Society

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NanoSIMS data showing how pathogens influence resource partitioning (13C and 15N) in coral (Stylophora pistillata) and their symbiotic dinoflagellates (2018)

Gibbin, Emma M ; Gavish, Assaf ; Krueger, Thomas ; [et al.]

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In: Supplement to: Gibbin, Emma M; Gavish, Assaf; Krueger, Thomas; Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Shapiro, Orr; Guiet, Romain; Jensen, Louise; Vardi, Assaf; Meibom, Anders (2018): Vibrio coralliilyticus infection triggers a behavioural response and perturbs nutritional exchange and tissue integrity in a symbiotic coral. The ISME Journal, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0327-2

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Publication Date: 2023-12-23

Description: We conducted two isotope experiments (described in Gibbin et al. 2018) to determine how the presence of pathogens influences resource partitioning in the coral holobiont. Specifically, we quantified: 1) 13C-assimilation in Symbiodinium and the amount of 13C-labelled photosynthates that are assimilated by the host; 2) the metabolic turnover of 13C in Symbiodinium and in their host and 3) the incorporation of bacterial-derived N within the tissues of the coral holobiont. NanoSIMS images (either 40×40 or 50×50 µm in size) were obtained by rasterizing a 16 keV Cs+ primary ion beam, focused to a spot-size of 150 nm, across the sample surface. Settings (dwell time = 5 ms; number of pixels = 256×256, layers = 5) were kept constant between images. Data was extracted from drift-corrected images using L'IMAGE (Dr. Larry Nittler, Carnegie Institution of Washington). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around individual symbiont cells and the host gastrodermis (excluding symbionts), using the contour lines on the 12C14N- image. These ROIs were then used to quantify the average enrichment of 13C and 15N in each partner. Our measured values are expressed as Atom Percent Excess (APE, in %).

Type: Dataset

Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 47.6 kBytes

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Can multi-generational exposure to ocean warming and acidification lead to the adaptation of life-history and physiology in a marine metazoan? (2016)

Gibbin, Emma M ; Chakravarti, Leela Jackie ; Jarrold, Michael ; [et al.]

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In: Supplement to: Gibbin, Emma M; Chakravarti, Leela Jackie; Jarrold, Michael; Christen, Felix; Turpin, Vincent; Massamba-N'siala, Gloria; Blier, Pierre U; Calosi, Piero (2017): Can multi-generational exposure to ocean warming and acidification lead to the adaptation of life history and physiology in a marine metazoan? Journal of Experimental Biology, 220(4), 551-563, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149989

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Publication Date: 2024-03-20

Description: Ocean warming and acidification are concomitant global drivers that are currently threatening the survival of marine organisms. How species will respond to these changes depends on their capacity for plastic and adaptive responses. Little is known about the mechanisms that govern plasticity and adaptability or how global changes will influence these relationships across multiple generations. Here, we exposed the emerging model marine polychaete Ophryotrocha labronica to conditions simulating ocean warming and acidification, in isolation and in combination over five generations to identify: (i) how multiple versus single global change drivers alter both juvenile and adult life-traits; (ii) the mechanistic link between adult physiological and fitness-related life-history traits; (iii) whether observed phenotypic changes observed over multiple generations are of plastic and/or adaptive origin. Two juvenile (developmental rate; survival to sexual maturity) and two adult (average reproductive body size; fecundity) life-history traits were measured in each generation, in addition to three physiological (cellular reactive oxygen species content, mitochondrial density; mitochondrial capacity) traits. We found that multi-generational exposure to warming alone caused an increase in: juvenile developmental rate, reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial density and decreases in: average reproductive body size, fecundity and fluctuations in mitochondrial capacity, relative to control conditions. While exposure to ocean acidification alone, had only minor effects on juvenile developmental rate. Remarkably, when both drivers of global change were present, only mitochondrial capacity was significantly affected, suggesting that ocean warming and acidification act as opposing vectors of stress across multiple generations.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Annelida; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chaetigers; Citrate synthase activity, unit per protein mass; Citrate synthase activity/Electron transport system activity ratio; Coast and continental shelf; Date; Development; Eggs; Electron transport system activity, per protein; Experiment; Fecundity; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Generation; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Identification; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; Reactive oxygen species production; Registration number of species; Replicate; Reproduction; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 23299 data points

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The effects of trans-generational exposure to ocean warming and acidification on life history and physiological traits in a marine polychaete (2016)

Chakravarti, Leela Jackie ; Jarrold, Michael ; Gibbin, Emma M ; [et al.]

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In: Supplement to: Can trans-generational experiments be used to enhance species resilience to ocean warming and acidification? (2016). Evolutionary Applications, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12391

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Publication Date: 2024-03-19

Description: Human-assisted, trans-generational exposure to ocean warming and acidification has been proposed as a conservation and/or restoration tool to produce resilient offspring. To improve our understanding of the need for and the efficacy of this approach, we characterised life history and physiological responses in offspring of the marine polychaete Ophryotrocha labronica exposed to predicted ocean warming (OW: + 3 °C), ocean acidification (OA: pH -0.5) and their combination (OWA: + 3 °C, pH -0.5), following the exposure of their parents to either control conditions (within-generational exposure) or the same conditions (trans-generational exposure). Trans-generational exposure to OW fully alleviated the negative effects of within-generational exposure to OW on fecundity and egg volume and was accompanied by increased metabolic activity. While within-generational exposure to OA reduced juvenile growth rates and egg volume, trans-generational exposure alleviated the former but could not restore the latter. Surprisingly, exposure to OWA had no negative impacts within- or trans-generationally. Our results highlight the potential for trans-generational laboratory experiments in producing offspring that are resilient to OW and OA. However, trans-generational exposure does not always appear to improve traits, and therefore may not be a universally useful tool for all species in the face of global change.

Keywords: Italy; Mediterranean Sea; Porto_Empedocle_Harbour

Type: Dataset

Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 125.3 kBytes

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Can trans-generational experiments be used to enhance species resilience to ocean warming and acidification? (2016)

Chakravarti, Leela Jackie ; Jarrold, Michael ; Gibbin, Emma M ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2024-04-25

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Annelida; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chaetigers; Chaetigers, standard error; Citrate synthase activity, standard error; Citrate synthase activity, unit per protein mass; Coast and continental shelf; Egg volume; Egg volume, standard error; Electron transport system activity, per protein; Electron transport system activity, standard error; Fecundity; Fecundity, standard error; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard error; Italy; Laboratory experiment; Mediterranean Sea; Mortality/Survival; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ophryotrocha labronica; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Porto_Empedocle_Harbour; Potentiometric; Ratio; Ratio, standard error; Reactive oxygen species production; Reactive oxygen species production, standard error; Registration number of species; Replicates; Reproduction; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species; Survival; Survival rate, standard error; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 609 data points

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