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  • 11
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    A generalization of the Drude-Smith formula for magneto-optical conductivities in Faraday geometry (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: In this study, we generalize the impulse response approach and Poisson statistics proposed by Smith [Phys. Rev. B 64 , 155106 (2001)] to evaluate the longitudinal and transverse magneto-optical conductivities in an electron gas system in Faraday geometry. Comparing with the standard Drude model, the coefficients a n are introduced in the Drude-Smith formula to describe the backscattering or localization effect for the n th electronic scattering event. Such a formula can also be applied to study the elements of the dielectric function matrix in the presence of magnetic and radiation fields in electron gas systems. This theoretical work is primely motivated by recent experimental activities in measuring the real and imaginary parts of longitudinal and transverse magneto-optical conductivities in condensed matter materials and electronic devices using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We believe that the results obtained from this study can provide an appropriate theoretical tool in reproducing the experimental findings and in fitting with experimental data to determine the important sample and material parameters.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 12
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    Bright stars observed by FIMS/SPEAR (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-16
    Description: In this paper, we present a catalogue of the spectra of bright stars observed during the sky survey using the Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FIMS), which was designed primarily to observe diffuse emissions. By carefully eliminating the contamination from the diffuse background, we obtain the spectra of 70 bright stars observed for the first time with a spectral resolution of 2–3 Å over the wavelength of 1370–1710 Å. The far-ultraviolet spectra of an additional 139 stars are also extracted with a better spectral resolution and/or higher reliability than those of the previous observations. The stellar spectral type of the stars presented in the catalogue spans from O9 to A3. The method of spectral extraction of the bright stars is validated by comparing the spectra of 323 stars with those of the International Ultraviolet Explorer ( IUE ) observations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 13
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    Atomic study on the ordered structure in Al melts induced by liquid/substrate interface with Ti solute (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Atomic ordering in Al melts induced by liquid/substrate interface with Ti solute was investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. It is predicted that deformed nanoscale ordering Al layers with a rhombohedral-centered hexagonal structure ( R 3 ¯ m space group) instead of the intrinsic fcc structure ( F m 3 ¯ m space group) form on substrate at temperature above Al liquids. With Al atoms stacking away from the interface, the ordering structure reaches a critical thickness, which inhibits the consecutive stacking of Al atoms on substrates. The locally stacking reconstruction induced by Ti atom relieves the accumulated elastic strain energy in ordered Al layers, facilitating fully heterogeneous nucleation on substrate beyond the deformed ordering Al layer around the melting point. The roles of liquid/substrate interface with Ti solute in the physical behavior of heterogeneous nucleation on substrate were discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 14
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    Ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL) system for imaging of radiation induced changes in materials (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-583X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9584
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 15
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    TELP, a sensitive and versatile library construction method for next-generation sequencing (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-02
    Description: Next-generation sequencing has been widely used for the genome-wide profiling of histone modifications, transcription factor binding and gene expression through chromatin immunoprecipitated DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) and cDNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Here, we describe a versatile library construction method that can be applied to both ChIP-seq and RNA-seq on the widely used Illumina platforms. Standard methods for ChIP-seq library construction require nanograms of starting DNA, substantially limiting its application to rare cell types or limited clinical samples. By minimizing the DNA purification steps that cause major sample loss, our method achieved a high sensitivity in ChIP-seq library preparation. Using this method, we achieved the following: (i) generated high-quality epigenomic and transcription factor-binding maps using ChIP-seq for murine adipocytes; (ii) successfully prepared a ChIP-seq library from as little as 25 pg of starting DNA; (iii) achieved paired-end sequencing of the ChIP-seq libraries; (iv) systematically profiled gene expression dynamics during murine adipogenesis using RNA-seq and (v) preserved the strand specificity of the transcripts in RNA-seq. Given its sensitivity and versatility in both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA library construction, this method has wide applications in genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and interactomic studies.
    Keywords: Massively Parallel (Deep) Sequencing
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 16
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    An LRP16-containing preassembly complex contributes to NF-{kappa}B activation induced by DNA double-strand breaks (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-02
    Description: The activation of NF-B has emerged as an important mechanism for the modulation of the response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The concomitant SUMOylation and phosphorylation of IKK by PIASy and ATM, respectively, is a key event in this mechanism. However, the mechanism through which mammalian cells are able to accomplish these IKK modifications in a timely and lesion-specific manner remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that LRP16 constitutively interacts with PARP1 and IKK. This interaction is essential for efficient interactions among PARP1, IKK, and PIASy, the modifications of IKK, and the activation of NF-B following DSB induction. The regulation of LRP16 in NF-B activation is dependent on the DSB-specific sensors Ku70/Ku80. These data strongly suggest that LRP16, through its constitutive interactions with PARP1 and IKK, functions to facilitate the lesion-specific recruitment of PARP1 and IKK and, ultimately, the concomitant recruitment of PIASy to IKK in response to DSB damage. Therefore, the study has provided important new mechanistic insights concerning DSB-induced NF-B activation.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 17
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    ImmuCo: a database of gene co-expression in immune cells (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: Current gene co-expression databases and correlation networks do not support cell-specific analysis. Gene co-expression and expression correlation are subtly different phenomena, although both are likely to be functionally significant. Here, we report a new database, ImmuCo ( http://immuco.bjmu.edu.cn ), which is a cell-specific database that contains information about gene co-expression in immune cells, identifying co-expression and correlation between any two genes. The strength of co-expression of queried genes is indicated by signal values and detection calls, whereas expression correlation and strength are reflected by Pearson correlation coefficients. A scatter plot of the signal values is provided to directly illustrate the extent of co-expression and correlation. In addition, the database allows the analysis of cell-specific gene expression profile across multiple experimental conditions and can generate a list of genes that are highly correlated with the queried genes. Currently, the database covers 18 human cell groups and 10 mouse cell groups, including 20 283 human genes and 20 963 mouse genes. More than 8.6 x 10 8 and 7.4 x 10 8 probe set combinations are provided for querying each human and mouse cell group, respectively. Sample applications support the distinctive advantages of the database.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 18
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    Effects of the vortex rope dynamic characteristics on the swirling flow in the draft tube cone (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: As the Francis turbine operated at the off-design conditions, the hydraulic instability may occurs due to the vortex rope developed in the draft tube. The swirling flow produced at the blade trailing edge has been proved to have a direct effect on the vortex rope characteristics. Research on the swirling flow is meaningful for understanding the hydraulic instability mechanisms. In this paper, the different swirling flow characteristics at part load and overload conditions were studied by numerical method. The relations between the vortex rope dynamic characteristics and the swirling flows were deeply investigated. The results showed the swirl number, which was chosen to stand for the strength of the swirling flow, changed with the vortex rope evolution. The swirl number fluctuations and its frequency were closely related to the vortex rope precession and its diameter and length. The dominant frequencies of the swirling flow in spiral vortex rope flow field were consistent with t...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 19
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    Synthetic matrix enhances transplanted satellite cell engraftment in dystrophic and aged skeletal muscle with comorbid trauma (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-16
    Description: Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) play a central role in muscle regeneration, but their quantity and function decline with comorbidity of trauma, aging, and muscle diseases. Although transplantation of MuSCs in traumatically injured muscle in the comorbid context of aging or pathology is a strategy to boost muscle regeneration, an effective cell delivery strategy in these contexts has not been developed. We engineered a synthetic hydrogel-based matrix with optimal mechanical, cell-adhesive, and protease-degradable properties that promotes MuSC survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, we establish a biomaterial-mediated cell delivery strategy for treating muscle trauma, where intramuscular injections may not be applicable. Delivery of MuSCs in the engineered matrix significantly improved in vivo cell survival, proliferation, and engraftment in nonirradiated and immunocompetent muscles of aged and dystrophic mice compared to collagen gels and cell-only controls. This platform may be suitable for treating craniofacial and limb muscle trauma, as well as postoperative wounds of elderly and dystrophic patients.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Mechanism of toppling instability of the human body in floodwaters (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Extreme urban flood events occur frequently in China, often leading to heavy casualties. Thus, it is of great importance to study the mechanism of the instability of the human body in floodwaters. The results of such research can provide scientific reference for city flood control standards. In this paper, a formula for the incipient velocity of the human body, during toppling instability in floodwaters, was derived based on mechanical characteristics, instability mechanism, and critical conditions during instability. A series of flume experiments were conducted to investigate the incipient velocity of two 3D printed human body models of different sizes; the resultant experimental data was used to determine parameters in the derived formula. Additionally, grip strength was taken as a standard of a person's ability to withstand floodwaters. Finally, crowd factors were introduced, and based on this study, a criterion for the toppling instability of different subjects in floodwater...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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