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  • 1
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    Fabrication and Characterization of a NIR-FIR Dichroic for the Infrared Interferometer BETTII (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: BETTII is a balloon-borne far infra-red (FIR: 30-100 m) interferometer that also uses a near-infrared (NIR: 1-2.5 m) channel for fine pointing sensing using stars. We have developed an inductive grid dichroic to divide the incoming beam into two components, by reflecting FIR light and transmitting NIR light. The dichroic is fabricated using focused electron beam technology to produce a 1 m period, 100 nm width metal grid on a sapphire substrate in order to have high reflectance for FIR wavelengths. Here we discuss the design and the detailed manufacturing process for such a dichroic. The transmission and reflectance characteristics are also presented. We discuss them in context of the BETTII requirements.
    Keywords: Astronomy; Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN67073 , GSFC-E-DAA-TN67055 , Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX; 10708; 107083I|SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation; Jun 12, 2018 - Jun 14, 2018; Austin, TX; United States
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  • 2
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    MIRECLE Mid InfraRed Exoplanet CLimate Explorer: Exploring M-Earths with Ultra-Stable Mid-IR Transit and Phase-Curve Spectroscopy (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
    Description: We propose a high precision calibration scheme for a Mid-IR Exoplanet Spectrometer. This new technology will enable high-precision transmission, emission, and phase curve spectroscopy for the characterization of exoplanets in and near the habitable zone, enabling the detection of biosignatures in rocky planets around the nearest M dwarfs.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN71014
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  • 3
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    Breakthrough Capability for UVOIR Space Astronomy: Reaching the Darkest Sky (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We describe how availability of new solar electric propulsion (SEP) technology can substantially increase the science capability of space astronomy missions working within the near-UV to far-infrared (UVOIR) spectrum by making dark sky orbits accessible for the first time. We present two case studies in which SEP is used to enable a 700 kg Explorer-class and 7000 kg flagship-class observatory payload to reach an orbit beyond where the zodiacal dust limits observatory sensitivity. The resulting scientific performance advantage relative to a Sun-Earth L2 point (SEL2) orbit is presented and discussed. We find that making SEP available to astrophysics Explorers can enable this small payload program to rival the science performance of much larger long development-time systems. Similarly, we find that astrophysics utilization of high power SEP being developed for the Asteroid Redirect Robotics Mission (ARRM) can have a substantial impact on the sensitivity performance of heavier flagship-class astrophysics payloads such as the UVOIR successor to the James Webb Space Telescope.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN15606
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  • 4
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    Systematic Error Cancellation for a Four-Port Interferometric Polarimeter (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-23
    Description: The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an Explorer-class mission concept to measure the gravitational-wave signature of primordial inflation through its distinctive imprint on the linear polarization of thecosmic microwave background (CMB). Its optical system couples a polarizing Fourier transform spectrometerto the sky to measure the differential signal between orthogonal linear polarization states from two co-pointedbeams on the sky. The double differential nature of the four-port measurement mitigates beam-related systematic errors common to the two-port systems used in most CMB measurements. Systematic errors coupling unpolarized temperature gradients to a false polarized signal cancel to first order for any individual detector. Thiscommon-mode cancellation is performed optically, prior to detection, and does not depend on the instrumentcalibration. Systematic errors coupling temperature to polarization cancel to second order when comparing signals from independent detectors. We describe the polarized beam patterns for PIXIE and assess the systematicerror for measurements of CMB polarization.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN75186 , Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (ISSN 2329-4124) (e-ISSN 2329-4221); 5; 2; 024008
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  • 5
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    Multimode Bolometer Development for the Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) Instrument (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an Explorer-class mission concept designed to measure the polarization and absolute intensity of the cosmic microwave background [1]. In this work, we report on the design, fabrication, and performance of the multimode polarization-sensitive bolometers for PIXIE, which are based on silicon thermistors. In particular we focus on several recent advances in the detector design, including the implementation of a tensioning scheme to greatly raise the frequencies of the internal vibrational modes of the large-area, low-mass optical absorber structure consisting of a grid of micromachined, ion-implanted silicon wires. With 30 times the absorbing area of the spider-web bolometers used by Planck, the tensioning scheme enables the PIXIE bolometers to be robust in the vibrational and acoustic environment at launch of the space mission. More generally, it could be used to reduce microphonic sensitivity in other types of low temperature detectors. We also report on the performance of the PIXIE bolometers in a dark cryogenic environment.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN33273 , SPIE Astronomical Telescopes & Instrumentation 2016; Jun 26, 2016 - Jul 01, 2016; Edinburgh, Scotland; United Kingdom
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  • 6
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    Multimode Bolometer Development for the PIXIE Instrument (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an Explorer-class mission concept designed to measure the polarization and absolute intensity of the cosmic microwave background. In the following, we report on the design, fabrication, and performance of the multimode polarization-sensitive bolometers for PIXIE, which are based on silicon thermistors. In particular we focus on several recent advances in the detector design, including the implementation of a scheme to greatly raise the frequencies of the internal vibrational modes of the large-area, low-mass optical absorber structure consisting of a grid of micromachined, ion-implanted silicon wires. With approximately 30 times the absorbing area of the spider-web bolometers used by Planck, the tensioning scheme enables the PIXIE bolometers to be robust in the vibrational and acoustic environment at launch of the space mission. More generally, it could be used to reduce microphonic sensitivity in other types of low temperature detectors. We also report on the performance of the PIXIE bolometers in a dark cryogenic environment.
    Keywords: Space Radiation; Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN33275 , SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation; Jun 26, 2016 - Jul 01, 2016; Edinburgh, Scotland; United Kingdom
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  • 7
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    Polarization Properties of A Broadband Multi-Moded Concentrator (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present the design and performance of a non-imaging concentrator for use in broad-band polarimetry at millimeter through submillimeter wavelengths. A rectangular geometry preserves the input polarization state as the concentrator couples f/2 incident optics to a 2pi sr detector. Measurements of the co-polar and cross-polar beams in both the few-mode and highly over-moded limits agree with a simple model based on mode truncation. The measured co-polar beam pattern is nearly independent of frequency in both linear polarizations. The cross-polar beam pattern is dominated by a uniform term corresponding to polarization efficiency 94%. After correcting for efficiency, the remaining cross-polar response is -18 dB.
    Keywords: Optics; Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN22731 , Journal of the Optical Society of America A (ISSN 1520-8532); 32; 6; 1040-1045
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  • 8
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    Preliminary Design of the Continuous ADRs for the Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: PIXIE is a recently proposed middle-class explorer mission designed to produce full-sky maps of polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). PIXIEs challenging science goals require not only measuring the extremely faint b-modes of the CMB, but distinguishing between true CMB signatures and 1) polarized light reflecting off local dust, and 2) signals arising from within the instrument. PIXIEs detectors will operate at 100 mK in order to achieve the required sensitivity. Instrument errors will be minimized in part by operating the telescope and optics at an average temperature close to that of the CMB (2.72 K) and systematically varying the temperature of various components by a small amount (10-20 mK). Signals appearing at the frequency of those variations can then be subtracted out. For this to be successful at the level required, it is necessary for the pattern of temperatures to be stable over very long time frames. Consequently, cooling of the detectors and telescope will be done using two 3-stage ADR assemblies that will produce continuous cooling, one at 100 mK and the other at approximately 2.65 K. The latter will act as the heat sink for 100 mK ADR and establish a base temperature from which the telescope and optics will be regulated. Its heat sink is a 4.5 K cryocooler. The design and operation of the ADRs will be discussed.
    Keywords: Optics; Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN44095 , Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference; Jul 09, 2017 - Jul 13, 2017; Madison, WI; United States
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  • 9
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    Optics of Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII): Delay Lines and Alignment (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present the optics of Balloon Experimental Twin Telescope for Infrared Interferometry (BETTII) as it gets ready for launch. BETTII is an 8-meter baseline far-infrared (30-90 microns) interferometer mission with capabilities of spatially resolved spectroscopy aimed at studying star formation and galaxy evolution. The instrument collects light from its two arms, makes them interfere, divides them into two science channels (30-50 microns and 60-90 microns), and focuses them onto the detectors. It also separates out the NIR light (1-2.5 microns) and uses it for tip-tilt corrections of the telescope pointing. Currently, all the optical elements have been fabricated, heat treated, coated appropriately and are mounted on their respective assemblies. We are presenting the optical design challenges for such a balloon borne spatio-spectral interferometer, and discuss how they have been mitigated. The warm and cold delay lines are an important part of this optics train. The warm delay line corrects for path length differences between the left and the right arm due to balloon pendulation, while the cold delay line is aimed at introducing a systematic path length difference, thereby generating our interferograms from where we can derive information about the spectra. The details of their design and the results of the testing of these opto-mechanical parts are also discussed. The sensitivities of different optical elements on the interferograms produced have been determined with the help of simulations using FRED software package. Accordingly, an alignment plan is drawn up which makes use of a laser tracker, a CMM, theodolites and a LUPI interferometer.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN44107 , SPIE Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V Conference; Jun 26, 2016 - Jul 01, 2016; Edinburgh; United Kingdom|SPIE Proceedings (ISSN 0277-786X); 9907; 99070T
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  • 10
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    The Space High Angular Resolution Probe for the Infrared (SHARP-IR) (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Space High Angular Resolution Probe for the Infrared (SHARP-IR) is a new mission currently under study. As partof the preparation for the Decadal Survey, NASA is currently undertaking studies of four major missions, but interesthas also been shown in determining if there are feasible sub-$1B missions that could provide significant scientific return.SHARP-IR is being designed as one such potential probe. In this talk, we will discuss some of the potential scientificquestions that could be addressed with the mission, the current design, and the path forward to concept maturation.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40717 , SPIE Proceedings (ISSN 0277-786X); 9904
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