ALBERT

Description: S. iniae is an important pathogen in both marin animals and humans, causing systemic infections in these hosts. The symptoms of infections are very similar to symptoms of infections caused by human¬specific streptococcal pathogens. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has recently been discovered to play an important role in polysaccharide capsule production and virulence in s. iniae. We aim to isolate S. iniae and cloning phosphoglucomutase gene. S. iniae grew on sheep blood agar as mucoid and beta- hemolytic colonies after 24 h of incubation at 37C. Then confirmed it by sensitive and rapid method of PCR. The pgm gene was amplified successfully and cloned in pTZ57R cloning vector.The recombinant plasmid was sub cloned into pETDuet-l expression vector by rectriction enzymes and confirmed by PCR . Although S. iniae is a pathogen of economic importance, relatively little is known regarding mechanisms of its pathogenesis and few specific virulence determinants have been established. These include the enzyme phosphoglucomutase which contributes to cell wall integrity and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Thus, this enzyme is the best choice to product the vaccine and more investigations.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: There are many factors affecting aquaculture insurance in Iran. In spite of existing formulation for warm water fish culture in Iran, there was several aspects and new revisions were remind. In this study we focused on risk assessment as well as insurance procedure to find the better management practices on running insurance in the country. 360 farm in tree provinces (guilan, Mazandaran, Khozestan were selected for risk analysis program. Data were collected throw questionnaire forms. The project was carried out in fore disciplines 1) risk analyzing for manageable and unmanageable accidents and their deductible rates 2) revise premium forms , claim forms, inspection forms 3) new formulation for insurance management 4) guide lines for diagnostic futures and prevention of manageable accident.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5- parameter dissolved oxygen, PH, nitrite, nitrate and temperature of the water on Streptococcosis incidence in two groups of fry and grower fish. Research was performed at west Mazandaran province -Tonkabon region in 12 rainbow trout selected farms. Research conducted in 3 farms with well source water , 8 farms with water source of the river of Dohezar and one farm with water source of the river of Azarood, during 12 consecutive months.From 1390/04/01 to 1391/04/01, once time each month , and in each time 10 fish randomly sampled, inlet water were sampled simultaneously. Of 1350 sampled fish 607 fish with an average weight 22.04 gr , average length 12.59 cm were in fry category and 743 fish with an average weight 156.25 gr, average length 23.32 cm in were grower category. Streptococcosis observed only in grower category. Of 72 fish with clinical signs of the disease, 14 numbers were positive Streptococcosis (19.44%) and 58 numbers were negative Streptococcosis(80.55%). Three fish from grower category has not any clinical signs of disease and seemed to be healthy but were positive Streptococcosis in examinations (0.22% of total fish sampled. Fish with clinical signs of the disease but negative Streptococcosis were of at least 55.1 gr and at most weight 417 gr respectively. The results showed that 47.07% cases of Streptococcosis happened at 15.6 °C water temperature, 35.29% at 16.98 °C and 17.64% cases happened at 18.04 °C so that 100% of Streptococcosis cases was observed at the average temperature of 16.99 °C. In addition, the survey results show that despite relatively high levels of nitrite in source water of farms from wells, nitrite does not effect on the disease incidence. It seems that an optimal level of dissolved oxygen in water is effective in reducing the effectiveness of nitrite in this disease. According to equation coefficients logit model is as follows: According to Logit model, it seems that for every degree change in temperature and pH of water, morbidity change will diminish 0.37 % and 1.74 % respectively. 80.56% of fish sampled that had the clinical symptoms, was ranging from an average weight of 5.1 gr (fry) and 417 gr (grower fish), that despite having clinical signs of the disease were negative Streptococcosis. Isolation of Staphylococcus bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacilli from fish with clinical symptoms similar to the symptoms of Streptococcosis, may indicate the involvement of other pathogens in fish clinical signs.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The national research plan with title of "Study on health status of Iran Coldwater hatchery and rearing farms" was done in order to identification and tracking of main causative agents of recent mortality in Iran Coldwater hatchery and rearing farms and recognize of infected zones and design of landscape distribution of Epizootic Coldwater fish diseases in the country. This plan was conducted parallel and in same time in some polar provinces of Coldwater fish production such as Mazandaran, Gilan, Ardebil, West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan in three years from 2006-2008. In this regard, about 23,21 and 20 farms in Mazandaran province, 30 farms in West and East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces and 19 farms in Gilan and Ardebil were selected as randomly and tracking were done yearly from 2006-2008. This research was conducted according to regular planning consists of farms visit that was done according to statistical plan and completion of Questionnaires and sampling. The findings in Mazandaran province revealed that fish infections background and infectious diseases were increased in period of 2006-2008. In fact, 56% of all fish farms in 2006, 71% in 2007 and 85% in 2008 were recorded as infected farms. In other side, average weight of fish final products was more 500gr in consume market. So, regarding to long period of fish culture in mentioned fish occurrence of more morbidity could be expected. The streptococcus infections were most important fish bacterial diseases that have more incidence and pathogenicity in collected questionnaires. Also it revealed more occurrences in summer season in above 15oC temperature in affected fish farms. Also, Enteric Redmouth Disease (ERM) and Saprolegniasis were reported as second and third degree in examined farms. Meanwhile, findings of control, prevention and treatment of our survey revealed that using of antibiotics and detergent materials were increased in mentioned province. Indeed, 34.7% of all fish farms in 2006, 71.4% in 2007 and 75% in 2008 have applied treatment operation and using of detergent materials in affected farms. In other side, frequent using of Erythromycin antibiotic was reported several times in 2008 so fish farmer faced to Bacterial resistance and should be using from Florfenicol as alternative antibacterial. Also, in feed sampling from all fish farms about 3 fish farms in 2006 and 5 fish farms in 2008 were faced with food poisoning that originated from high TVN and peroxidase in fish food consumed. These farms revealed mass mortality that stopped after change feeding regime. In conclusion absence of fish health management could be considered as main agent of mentioned mortality in Mazandaran province. The findings of our survey in West and East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan revealed that absence of sufficient experiences in fish farmers and their neglect from water quality concepts, farm cleanness, using of suitable detergent materials for fish ponds and instruments and disability in continuous monitoring of physic-chemical factors of consumed water could be considered as most important problems. So, fish morbidity and mortality, growth decrement and low production rate were expected. Unfortunately, despite the occurrence of infectious and non- infectious diseases in examined fish farms, there were no documents and information about diseases history, clinical signs in dead fish, feeding regime, fish mortality (rate of daily mortality, age and weight of moribund fish), treatment operation, drugs usage, growth rate, physico-chemical factors and fish density. So planning for control and prevention of mentioned diseases were unsuccessful in affected fish farms. Also, occurrence of some epizootic fish viral diseases such as VHS, IPN and IHN were observed frequently with mass mortality about 40100% in some examined fish farms that produced some tragic economic lost in the mentioned provinces. Similarly, some bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases were observed repeatedly in some inspected farms such as Flavobacterium, streptococcus infections. Also, some unknown causative agents in parasitic diseases were observed several times such as Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina, Chilodonella, Diplostomum and fungal diseases such as Saprolegniasis. In conclusion it seems that absence of fish health management, inadequate rate of hygienic technical services, absence of quarantine programs for transfer of new eyed-eggs, juvenile and live broodstocks packages without health certificates from authorized organizations, uncontrolled entry of foreign eyed-eggs (France, Denmark, Australia and Armenia) and neglect in using of suitable detergent materials for fish ponds, instruments, consumed water and infected eggs, not screening of broodstocks in hatcheries could be considered as most important causative agents in occurrence of infectious diseases and main problems in affected farms in mentioned provinces. Similarly, our findings in Gilan and Ardebil provinces revealed that their problems were similar to other provinces. In fact, neglect in establish of necessary Infrastructures in fish farms and dereliction in health management concepts could be considered as main reasons of occurrence of fish infectious and non-infectious diseases in studied fish farms in mentioned provinces. In fact, often fish farms visited hadn't suitable structures without control and prevention approach. There were not observed detergent using, quarantine programs and prevention methods. Entrance of unknown persons, birds and wild animals were ordinary in mentioned farms. Unfortunately level of farmer’s knowledge was low and no training courses and extension programs were planned by authorized organizations. Meanwhile, food storages were unsuitable and food packages were stored in inappropriate situation so poisoning conditions were increased in examined farms. In conclusion it could be finalized that Coldwater fish farms in Gilan and Ardebil provinces situated in insufficient position and correction of current situation are needed urgently. In final elicitation, it would be mentioned that lack of basic infrastructures could be introduced as most important reasonfor spread of diseases, mortality and related economic losses in studied provinces. Therefore, attention to environmental affairs and access to Sustainable Development are recommended. Also consideration of biosecurity regulations and health management concepts would be important requirements for modification and reformation of Coldwater fish farms in examined provinces towards A Better Tomorrow.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: There are many factors affecting aquaculture insurance in Iran. In spite of existing formulation for cold water fish, warm water fish and shrimp culture in Iran, there was several aspects and new revisions were remind. In this study we focused on risk assessment as well as insurance procedure to find the better management practices on running insurance in the country. 360 farm(for carp in tree provinces Guilan, Mazandaran, Khozestan),150 (for trout in tree provinces Fars, Mazandaran, Chamahal ) and all 340 farm(for shrimp in four provinces Sistan ,Hormozgan, Bushehr, Khozestan) were selected for risk analysis program. Data were collected throw questionnaire forms. The project was carried out in Two disciplines 1) risk analyzing for manageable and unmanageable accidents and their deductible rates 2) new formulation for insurance management.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Early recognition of diseases and pathogens transmitted from freshwater crayfish provides the possibility of early intervention and management in this regard and decreases the mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases. Hence, The awareness from presence and incidence rates of WSSD, YHD, IPN viruses are very important due to they are the most important zoonotic and infectious viruses in aquatic animals and crustaceans .Also , they cause serious reduction of the amount and quality of freshwater crayfish in the world. For this region, this study was carried out for the first time to detect the mentioned viruses in freshwater crayfish from North West of Iran. In this study, a total of 725 crayfish (145 specimens from each water resource) were sampled during 2013 -2014 from dam reserviors including : Aras ( West Azarbaijan, Caspian Sea Basin),Ardalan ( East Azarbaijan, Urmia lake basin) , Kazarj and karaghyeh (East Azarbaijan, Caspian Sea Basin),Shorabil(Ardabil, Caspian Sea Basin).All specimens were transferred to aquatic animals health and genetics laboratory of Iranian Artemia Research Center as live individuals under controlled condition. In order to virus isolation, the gill, Hepatopancreas, Hemolymph and pleopods were tested using PCR and RT-PCR methods. Suspicious samples were sent to the reference viral diseases diagnosis laboratory of Iranian veterinary organization.Screening results showed the probability of no contamination in freshwater crayfish from studied water resources. Therefore, it is recommended continuation of screening mentioned viruses by the authorities placed on the agenda.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study we collected the adult shrimp from farm in Bouhsher province based on the pedigree information and screening by PCR for 10 shrimp pathogen as well viral diseases and transported to the shrimp research station for first quarantine. Three different families were selected and crossed them and obtained the larval and produced F1generation. The F1 shrimp had reach an average weight (33 ±2 g) and crossed together for produced F2 generation. The larval from F2 generation transferred to second quarantine and maintained in different tank. The postlarve from F2 transferred to nuclear breeding center and cultured until the adult size. During F1 and F2 period we screened the shrimp for 10 pathogen and for prevention the inbreeding and transferring the growth and survival gen we used selection breeding with 12 primers by microsatellite technique during each generation. After 3 year we produced 8 thousand shrimp SPF and the shrimp are free of important viral disease as well WSSV.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In recent years, aquatic diseases have damaged aquaculture industry in different areas of the world. Although tilapias are known as resistant fish against different pathogens, but there are some reports about infectious diseases of tilapia. Tilapia aquaculture in Iran is in the beginning stage. So, planning for hygiene observations and preventing of disease prevalence must be considered. Tilapia hatchery and indoor systems of National Research Center of Saline water Aquatics were monitored for infectious disease from October 2012 to February 2014. Unusual locomotion/feeding or uncommon signs in the shape or body surface of cultured tilapias, fries and eggs or exceed mortalities were mentioned for bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral pathogens. Infectious agents in this study were bacteria Streptococcus and Edwardsiella, the fungi Penicillium and Aspergillus and parasitic monogeneans Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus. No viral agent was diagnosed. Although recorded pathogens were rarely observed during the study but much attention must be paid for hygiene monitoring and instruction performance.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published