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  • Meteorology and Climatology  (3)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Recombinant DNA
  • 2015-2019  (3)
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  • 1
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    Effects of Scavenging, Entrainment, and Aqueous Chemistry on Peroxides and Formaldehyde in Deep Convective Outflow over the Central and Southeast U.S. (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Deep convective transport of gaseous precursors to ozone (O3) and aerosols to the upper troposphere is affected by liquid- and mixed-phase scavenging, entrainment of free tropospheric air, and aqueous chemistry. The contributions of these processes are examined using aircraft measurements obtained in storm inflow and outflow during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment combined with high resolution (dx 〈= 3 km) WRF-Chem simulations of a severe storm, an airmass storm, and a mesoscale convective system (MCS). The simulation results for the MCS suggest that formaldehyde (CH2O) is not retained in ice when cloud water freezes, in agreement with previous studies of the severe storm. By analyzing WRF-Chem trajectories, the effects of scavenging, entrainment, and aqueous chemistry on outflow mixing ratios of CH2O, methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are quantified. Liquid-phase microphysical scavenging was the dominant process reducing CH2O and H2O2 outflow mixing ratios in all three storms. Aqueous chemistry did not significantly affect outflow mixing ratios of all three species. In the severe storm and MCS, the higher than expected reductions in CH3OOH mixing ratios in the storm cores were primarily due to entrainment of low background CH3OOH. In the airmass storm, lower CH3OOH and H2O2 scavenging efficiencies (SEs) than in the MCS were partly due to entrainment of higher background CH3OOH and H2O2. Overestimated rain and hail production in WRF-Chem reduces the confidence in ice retention fraction values determined for the peroxides and CH2O.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN57972 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (ISSN 2169-897X) (e-ISSN 2169-8996); 123; 14; 7594-7614
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A WRF-Chem Analysis of Flash Rates, Lightning-NOx Production and Subsequent Trace Gas Chemistry of the 29-30 May 2012 Convective Event in Oklahoma During DC3 (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign in 2012 provided a plethora of aircraft and ground-based observations (e.g., trace gases, lightning and radar) to study deep convective storms, their convective transport of trace gases, and associated lightning occurrence and production of nitrogen oxides (NOx). This is a continuation of previous work, which compared lightning observations (Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array and National Lightning Detection Network) with flashes generated by various flash rate parameterization schemes (FRPSs) from the literature in a Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model simulation of the 29-30 May 2012 Oklahoma thunderstorm. Based on the Oklahoma radar observations and Lightning Mapping Array data, new FRPSs are being generated and incorporated into the model. The focus of this analysis is on estimating the amount of lightning-generated nitrogen oxides (LNOx) produced per flash in this storm through a series of model simulations using different production per flash assumptions and comparisons with DC3 aircraft anvil observations. The result of this analysis will be compared with previously studied mid-latitude storms. Additional model simulations are conducted to investigate the upper troposphere transport, distribution, and chemistry of the LNOx plume during the 24 hours following the convective event to investigate ozone production. These model-simulated mixing ratios are compared against the aircraft observations made on 30 May over the southern Appalachians.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN20070 , American Meteorological Society (AMS) Annual Conference; Jan 04, 2015 - Jan 08, 2015; Phoenix, AZ; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    WRF-Chem Simulations of Lightning-NOx Production and Transport in Oklahoma and Colorado Thunderstorms Observed During DC3 (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The focus of this analysis is on lightning-generated nitrogen oxides (LNOx) and their distribution for two thunderstorms observed during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign in May-June 2012. The Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model is used to perform cloud-resolved simulations for the May 29-30 Oklahoma severe convection, which contained one supercell, and the June 6-7 Colorado squall line. Aircraft and ground-based observations (e.g., trace gases, lightning and radar) collected during DC3 are used in comparisons against the model-simulated lightning flashes generated by the flash rate parameterization schemes (FRPSs) incorporated into the model, as well as the model-simulated LNOx predicted in the anvil outflow. Newly generated FRPSs based on DC3 radar observations and Lightning Mapping Array data are implemented in the model, along with previously developed schemes from the literature. The results of these analyses will also be compared between storms to investigate which FRPSs were most appropriate for the two types of convection and to examine the variation in the LNOx production. The simulated LNOx results from WRF-Chem will also be compared against other previously studied mid-latitude thunderstorms.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN28845 , American Meteorological Society (AMS) Annual Meeting; Jan 10, 2014 - Jan 14, 2014; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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