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  • 1
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    Sediment deposition and overland flow hydraulics in simulated vegetative filter strips under varying vegetation covers (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-31
    Description: Vegetative filter strips (VFS) can effectively trap sediment in overland flow, but little information is available on its performance in controlling high-concentration sediment and the runoff hydraulics in VFS. Flume experiments were conducted to investigate the sediment deposition, hydraulics of overland flow and their relationships in simulating VFS under a great range of sediment concentrations with four levels of vegetation cover (bare slope and 4, 11 and 17%) and two flow rates (15 and 30 L min −1 ). Sediment concentrations varied from 30 to 400 kg m −3 and slope gradient was 9°. Both the deposited sediment load and deposition efficiency in VFS increased as the vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a positive effect on the deposited load but no effect on deposition efficiency. A lower flow rate corresponded to greater deposition efficiency but had little effect on deposited load. Flow velocities decreased as vegetation cover increased. Sediment concentration had a negative effect on the mean velocity but no effect on surface velocity. Hydraulic resistance increased as the vegetation cover and sediment concentration increased. Sediment deposition efficiency had a much more pronounced relationship with overland flow hydraulics compared with deposited load, especially with the mean flow velocity, and there was a power relationship between them. Flow regime also affected the sediment deposition efficiency, and the efficiency was much higher under subcritical than supercritical flow. The results will be useful for the design of VFS and the control of sediment flowing into rivers in areas with serious soil erosion.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Polyketides and Meroterpenoids from Neosartorya glabra (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: Two new polyketides, neosarphenols A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), were isolated from Neosartorya glabra , together with six known polyketides, 3 – 8 , and two meroterpenoids, 9 and 10 . The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, especially by HR-ESI-MS and NMR experiments. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and PANC-1 tumor cell lines; 1 and 6 exhibited selective and moderate cytotoxicities against PANC-1 cell line.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
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    Architectural engineering inspired method of preparing Cf/ZrC–SiC with graceful mechanical responses (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Abstract Inspired by grouting technique in architectural engineering, an innovative method of slurry injection and vacuum impregnation was put forward to introduce nanosized ZrC–SiC ceramics into PyC modified 3‐D needle‐punched carbon fiber preform homogeneously and continuously, followed by spark plasma sintering to prepare Cf/ZrC–SiC with graceful mechanical responses. The composite possessed improved fracture toughness and work of fracture at 5.37 ± 0.25 MPa∙m1/2 and 951 ± 12 J/m2, 50% and nearly one order of magnitude higher than those of ZrC–SiC composite, respectively, with rivaling flexural strength at 177 ± 8 MPa synchronously. A graceful fracture mode was embodied in an obviously extended yield plateau with increased failure displacement by 300%. This enhancement was attributed to the uniform and continuous combination of ZrC–SiC with carbon fiber preform as well as protection and interface tailoring from PyC coating. The study offered an easy and effective method of preparing 3‐D fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 4
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    Modeling the Quasi‐Trapped Electron Fluxes From Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay (CRAND) (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Recently, cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) has been identified as the main source of relativistic electrons measured at the inner edge of inner radiation belt. Here we introduce a drift‐source model that includes azimuthal drift and a CRAND electron source to simulate the quasi‐trapped electron distribution measured by the DEMETER satellite during 20–30 April 2010. The simulated longitude distribution of quasi‐trapped electron fluxes at the inner edge of inner radiation belt successfully reproduces the DEMETER observations, confirming CRAND as the main source for these electrons. Furthermore, a comparison of the energy spectrum and the L distribution of the quasi‐trapped relativistic electrons between simulations and observations further suggests that CRAND is likely the dominant source for 300–700‐keV quasi‐trapped electrons at L 〈 2 and L ≈ 3.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Aurovertin-Type Polyketides from Calcarisporium arbuscula with Potent Cytotoxic Activities against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-14
    Description: Two new polyene polyketides, namely aurovertins T–U ( 1 – 2 ), were isolated from Calcarisporium arbuscula , together with aurovertins B ( 3 ), D–E ( 4 – 5 ), and M ( 6 ). The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (especially 2D-NMR techniques). The cytotoxic activities of all isolates against human triple-negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) were evaluated. As a result, compounds 3 – 4 and 6 exhibited more potent cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231 cell line than the positive control taxol. Discussion about the relationships between structure and activity of these aurovertins was also presented. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
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    On the Relationship Between Electron Flux Oscillations and ULF Wave-Driven Radial Transport (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-11
    Description: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the levels of electron flux oscillations and radial diffusion for different Phase Space Density (PSD) gradients, through observation and particle tracing simulations under the effect of model Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) fluctuations. This investigation aims to demonstrate that electron flux oscillation is associated with and could be used as an indicator of ongoing radial diffusion. To this direction, flux oscillations are observed through the Van Allen Probes’ MagEIS energetic particle detector; subsequently, flux oscillations are produced in a particle tracing model that simulates radial diffusion by using model magnetic and electric field fluctuations that are approximating measured magnetic and electric field fluctuations as recorded by the Van Allen Probes’ EMFISIS and EFW instruments, respectively. The flux oscillation amplitudes are then correlated with Phase Space Density gradients in the magnetosphere and with the ongoing radial diffusion process.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Low-δ18O rhyolites from the Malani Igneous Suite: a positive test for South China and NW India linkage in Rodinia (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: The Malani Igneous Suite (MIS) in NW India represents one of the best preserved silicic large igneous provinces. Voluminous silicic lavas of the MIS erupted between ca. 780-750 Ma. Zircon grains from rhyolite and dacite lavas have oxygen isotopic compositions that include depleted (δ 18 O = 4.12 to -1.11‰) and enriched (δ 18 O = 8.23-5.12‰) signatures. The low-δ 18 O zircon grains have highly radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions (Ɛ Hf(t) = +13.0 to +3.6), suggesting high temperature bulk cannibalization of upper level juvenile mafic crust as an essential mechanism to produce the low-δ 18 O felsic magma. Xenocrystic zircon grains in dacites have high δ 18 O and low Ɛ Hf(t) values for magmas older than 800 Ma, reflecting a dramatic transition in tectono-thermal regime in NW India during 800-780 Ma. A synchronous transition also occurred in South China and Madagascar, suggesting a spatially linked geodynamic system. NW India and South China together with Madagascar and the Seychelles lay either along the periphery of Rodinia or outboards of the supercontinent with the age of convergent plate margin magmatism coinciding with breakup of the supercontinent.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Effects of Sulforaphane on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation (2017)
    Wiley
    In: Genesis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-02
    Description: Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural organosulfur compound with ant-oxidant and anti-inflammation properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of SFN on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC). NSCs were exposed to SFN at the concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 10 µM. Cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay and lactate dehydogenase (LDH) release assay. The proliferation of NSCs was evaluated with neurosphere formation assay and Ki-67 staining. The level of Tuj-1 was evaluated with immunostaining and western blot to assess NSC neuronal differentiation. The expression of key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway, including β-catenin and cyclin D1, in response to SFN treatment or the Wnt inhibitor, DKK-1, was determined by western blotting. No significant cytotoxicity was seen for SFN on NSCs with SFN at concentrations of less than 10 µM. On the contrary, SFN of low concentrations stimulated cell proliferation and prominently increased neurosphere formation and NSC differentiation to neurons. SFN treatment upregulated Wnt signaling in the NSCs, whereas DKK-1 attenuated the effects of SFN. SFN is a drug to promote NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation when used at low concentrations. These protective effects are mediated by Wnt signaling pathway. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    The Diversified Function and Potential Therapy of Ectopic Olfactory Receptors in Non-olfactory Tissues (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-25
    Description: Olfactory receptors (ORs) are mainly distributed in olfactory neurons and play a key role in detecting volatile odorants, eventually resulting in the production of smell perception. Recently, it is also reported that ORs are expressed in non-olfactory tissues including heart, lung, sperm, skin and cancerous tissues. Interestingly, ectopic ORs are associated with the development of diseases in non-olfactory tissues. For instance, ectopic ORs initiate the hypoxic ventilatory responses and maintain the oxygen homeostasis of breathing in the carotid body when oxygen levels decline. Ectopic ORs induce glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Ectopic ORs regulate systemic blood pressure by increasing renin secretion and vasodilation. Ectopic ORs participate in the process of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and invasiveness. Ectopic ORs accelerate the occurrence of obesity, angiogenesis and wound-healing processes. Ectopic ORs affect fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Finally, we also elaborate some ligands targeting for ORs. Obviously, the diversified function and related signal pathway of ectopic ORs may play a potential therapeutic target in non-olfactory tissues. Thus, this review focuses on the latest research results about the diversified function and therapeutic potential of ectopic ORs in non-olfactory tissues. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
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    Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway mediated aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis in kainic acid-induced epilepsy (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-21
    Description: Temporal lobe epilepsy is a chronic disorder of nerve system, mainly characterized by hippocampal sclerosis with massive neuronal loss and severe gliosis. Aberrant neurogenesis has been shown in the epileptogenesis process of temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant neurogenesis remain unclear. The roles of Wnt signalling cascade have been well established in neurogenesis during multiple aspects. Here, we used kainic acid-induced rat epilepsy model to investigate whether Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is involved in the aberrant neurogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy. Immunostaining and western blotting results showed that the expression levels of β-catenin, Wnt3a, and cyclin D1, the key regulators in Wnt signalling pathway, were up-regulated during acute epilepsy induced by the injection of kainic acids, indicating that Wnt signalling pathway was activated in kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, BrdU labelling results showed that blockade of the Wnt signalling by knocking down β-catenin attenuated aberrant neurogenesis induced by kainic acids injection. Altogether, Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway mediated hippocampal neurogenesis during epilepsy, which might provide new strategies for clinical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a chronic disorder of nerve system, mainly characterized by hippocampal sclerosis. Aberrant neurogenesis has been shown to involve in the epileptogenesis process of temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present study, we discovered that Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway serves as a link between aberrant neurogenesis and underlying remodelling in the hippocampus, leading to temporal lobe epilepsy, which might provide new strategies for clinical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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