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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Whey minerals ; Ca availability ; P utilization ; bone ; Molkenminerale ; Ca-Verfügbarkeit ; P-Nutzung ; Knochen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die biologische Verfügbarkeit von Ca, P und Mg aus dem Mineralkomplex der Molke (WMC) wurde in bezug auf die Mineralbilanz und Knochenbeschaffenheit an wachsenden männlichen Ratten untersucht und mit Rinderknochenasche (BBA) und CaCO3 verglichen. Der Einfluß der Ca-Quelle auf die Futteraufnahme, Körpergewichtszunahme und Futterverwertung war nicht signifikant (p〉0,05). Bei einer Zulage von 0,3 % Ca in Form von WMC war das Trockengewicht der Rattenfemora erheblich höher als bei den mit BBA gefütterten. Die Femora von Ratten, welche 0,3 % Ca in Form von WMC erhielten, speicherten signifikant mehr P als die der mit BBA bzw. CaCO3 gefütterten, der Energieaufwand bis zum Femurbruch der mit WMC gefütterten Ratten war bedeutend höher als bei den Ratten, die mit 0,2 bzw. 0,3 % Ca als BBA gefüttert wurden. Die bezüglich der Bruchfestigkeit festgestellte Tendenz traf auch auf die Knochendichte zu. Unter den drei Rattengruppen wurden keine bedeutenden quantitativen Unterschiede in der Ca-Bilanz festgestellt; bei den mit WMC gefütterten Ratten zeigte sich jedoch eine signifikant höhere P-Retention als bei den anderen Gruppen. Die Konsequenzen für die biologische Verfügbarkeit von Ca aus WMC und deren Auswirkungen auf die Nutzung von P und Mg werden besprochen.
    Notes: Summary The bioavailabilities of Ca, P and Mg from whey mineral complex (WMC) were studied from the viewpoint of the mineral balance and bone properties in growing male rats and compared with bovine bone ash (BBA) and CaCO3. Ca source showed no significant effect on feed intake, body weight gain or feed efficiency (p〈0.05). When the dietary Ca level was 0.3 %, the dry weight of the femur in rats fed WMC was significantly higher than that in rats fed BBA. The femur P content of rats fed 0.3 % Ca as WMC was significantly higher than that of rats fed BBA or CaCo3. The breaking energy of the femur from rats fed WMC was significantly higher than that from rats fed BBA at a Ca level of 0.2 % or 0.3 %. There was the same tendency in bone densities as was observed in breaking properties. There was no significant difference in quantitative values for Ca balance among three groups of rats, whereas those rats fed WMC had a significantly higher P retention than other groups. Ca bioavailability from WMC and the effect on the utilization of P and Mg were discussed.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Anesthesia theory ; lipid membrane ; interface ; gas adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Inhalation anesthetics currently in clinical use, such as halothane, methoxyflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, etc., are polar hydrophobic molecules, except nitrous oxide, which is an apolar and weak anesthetic, incapable of inducing surgical stage anesthesia. Experimental data are accumulating that these potent amphipathic inhalation anesthetics preferentially bind membranes and macromolecules on the surface at clinical concentrations. The anesthetic binding to lipid membranes in the low concentration range is characterized by a saturable curve approaching to a limiting value. When the anesthetic concentration s greatly increased above the clinical range, the binding starts to exceed the limiting saturation value. Our model for anesthetic binding to membranes consists of two parts: Langmuir-type adsorption to the membrane surface at the low concentration range and penetration into the hydrophobic core at the high concentration range. The present communication provides a statistical-thermodynamic basis to analyze this twostep interaction. An expression is derived for membrane capacitance as a function of anesthetic concentration, which explains the experimental data well. Binding parameters of anesthetics are estimated according to the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 1229-1231 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drone ; male honeybee ; pollination ; Cymbidium pumilum ; Apis cerana japonica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The discovery that drones of the Japanese honeybee (Apis cerana japonica) pollinate the oriental orchid (Cymbidium pumilum) is reported. Drones are attracted to the orchid flower aroma mainly during their mating flights in April through May. Some drones cluster on the flower racemes and others insert their heads deep into the flowers. Drones with pollinia on their scutellum visit other orchids, which facilitates pollination. Individual workers and swarming colonies are also strongly attracted by the flower aroma, but the allopatric western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is not attracted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15.Fg; 61.46.+W; 52.40.Nk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have developed an integrated process system for the formation of nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in helium background gas, size classification using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), and deposition on a substrate. The DMA has been improved to operate at pressures of less than 10 Torr. The classification resolution of the low-pressure operating DMA (LP-DMA), transporting properties of nanoparticles under low pressure, have been investigated theoretically in order to evaluate the performance of the size classification for the integrated system. By operating the integrated system at less than 10 Torr, we have measured the size distribution of Si nanoparticles in the gas phase formation field by sweeping the applied voltage to the LP-DMA and counting the charged nanoparticle concentration with an electrometer. Moreover, we successfully deposited the classified Si nanoparticles on a substrate by fixing the voltage. We have verified that the integrated system can be applied to the clean physical vapor deposition process for accurately size-controlled nanoparticles.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1983), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 31 (1983), S. 279-308 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Chaos ; mapping ; invariant measure ; ergodicity ; band structure of chaos ; power spectrum of chaos ; critical behavior ; scaling law ; Frobenius-Perron operator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Chaotic behaviors of the tent map (a piecewise-linear, continuous map with a unique maximum) are studied analytically throughout its chaotic region in terms of the invariant density and the power spectrum. As the height of the maximum is lowered, successive band-splitting transitions occur in the chaotic region and accumulate to the transition point into the nonchaotic region. The timecorrelation function of nonperiodic orbits and their power spectrum are calculated exactly at the band-splitting points and in the vicinity of these points. The method of eigenvalue problems of the Frobenius-Perron operator is used. 2 m−1 critical modes, wherem = 1,2, 3, ..., are found which exhibit the critical slowing-down near the 2 m−1-band to 2 m -band transition point. After the transition these modes become periodic modes which represent the cycling of nonperiodic orbits among 2 m bands together with the periodic modes generated by the preceding band splittings. Scaling laws near the transition point into the nonchaotic region are investigated and a new scaling law is found for the total intensity of the periodic part of the spectrum.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limited feeding of nitrate during culture of Nannochloris sp. UTEX LB1999 for intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation was investigated with the aim of obtaining cells superior for liquefaction into a fuel oil. The intracellular lipid contents and the percentage of triglycerides in the lipids of cells grown in a nitrogen-limited medium (0.9 mM KNO3) were 1.3 times as high as those grown in a modified NORO medium containing 2.0–9.9 mM KNO3. However, the cell concentration was too low for the practical production of fuel oil by high-pressure liquefaction of the cell mass. A single feeding of 0.9 mM nitrate after nitrate depletion during cultivation in a nitrate-limited medium increased the cell concentration to twice that obtained without such feeding, and the lipid content was maintained at a high level. The timing of nitrate feeding, i.e., whether it was given during the log phase (before nitrate depletion), the constant growth phase (just after the depletion), or the stationary phase (after the depletion), had negligible effect on the intracellular lipid content and percentage of triglycerides in the lipids. When 0.9 mM nitrate was intermittently fed ten times during the log phase in addition to the initial nitrate feed (0.9 mM), the cell concentration reached almost the same (2.16 g/l) and the intracellular lipid content and the percentage of triglycerides in the lipids increased from 31.0 to 50.9% and 26.0 to 47.6%, respectively, compared with those of cells cultured in a modified NORO medium containing 9.9 mM KNO3 without additional nitrate feeding.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A CH3OH-utilizing bacterium that has the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) was isolated from a soil sample, and was identified as the obligate methylotroph Methylobacillus sp. strain 12S on the basis of its 16S rDNA sequence and growth-substrate specificity. The EPS produced by strain 12S was purified and the sugar composition was analysed by GC-MS and HPLC to reveal that the EPS was a heteropolymer composed of glucosyl, galactosyl, and mannosyl residues in the molar ratio 3:1:1. In order to produce mono- and/or oligosaccharides by single-step fermentation from CH3OH, stain 12S was mutagenized by transposon 5. Among eleven EPS-deficient mutants, three strains were found to accumulate significant amounts of reducing sugars in the media. The amounts of the reducing sugars produced by the mutants (〉ca. 700 mg glucose equivalent/l) were 〉11–22 times higher than those produced by the wild-type strain (〈ca. 60 mg glucose equivalent/l). The GC-MS analysis showed that all the mutants accumulated glucose, erythrose, threose and a disaccharide-like compound in the media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 676-678 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Properties of vascular permeability factor in native human sera (PF/Nat) showed close similarities with those of necrotizing factor. Time course studies revealed that skin necrosis could be initiated by enhanced vascular permeability.
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