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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: We propose a new revised Landau hydrodynamic model to study systematically the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in heavy ion collisions over an energy range from a few GeV to a few TeV per nucleon pair. The interacting system is divided into three sources, namely, the central, target, and projectile sources, respectively. The large central source is described by the Landau hydrodynamic model and further revised by the contributions of the small target/projectile sources. The modeling results are in agreement with the available experimental data at relativistic heavy ion collider, large hadron collider, and other energies for different centralities. The value of square speed of sound parameter in different collisions has been extracted by us from the widths of rapidity distributions. Our results show that, in heavy ion collisions at energies of the two colliders, the central source undergoes a phase transition from hadronic gas to quark-gluon plasma liquid phase; meanwhile, the target/projectile sources remain in the state of hadronic gas. The present work confirms that the quark-gluon plasma is of liquid type rather than being of a gas type.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-05-13
    Beschreibung: Experimental results of the rapidity distributions of negatively charged pions produced in proton-proton (-) and beryllium-beryllium (Be-Be) collisions at different beam momentums, measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration at the super proton synchrotron (SPS), are described by a revised (three-source) Landau hydrodynamic model. The squared speed-of-sound parameter is then extracted from the width of rapidity distribution. There is a local minimum (knee point) which indicates a softest point in the equation of state (EoS) appearing at about  GeV/ (or 8.8 GeV) in excitation function (the dependence of on incident beam momentum (or center-of-mass energy)). This knee point should be related to the searching for the onset of quark deconfinement and the critical point of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase transition.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-01
    Beschreibung: The revised (three-source) Landau hydrodynamic model is used in this paper to study the (pseudo)rapidity distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions at high energies. The central source is assumed to contribute with a Gaussian function which covers the rapidity distribution region as wide as possible. The target and projectile sources are assumed to emit isotropically particles in their respective rest frames. The model calculations obtained with a Monte Carlo method are fitted to the experimental data over an energy range from 0.2 to 13 TeV. The values of the squared speed-of-sound parameter in different collisions are then extracted from the width of the rapidity distributions.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-05
    Beschreibung: We study the transverse momentum spectra of and mesons by using two methods: the two-component Erlang distribution and the two-component Schwinger mechanism. The results obtained by the two methods are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of proton-proton (), proton-lead (-Pb), and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions measured by the LHCb and ALICE Collaborations at the large hadron collider (LHC). The related parameters such as the mean transverse momentum contributed by each parton in the first (second) component in the two-component Erlang distribution and the string tension between two partons in the first (second) component in the two-component Schwinger mechanism are extracted.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-01
    Beschreibung: With growing flood risk due to increased urbanization, flood damage assessment and flood risk management must be reconsidered. To demonstrate and assess the new features and trends of flood risk in urbanized areas, a novel S-shaped function of return period and damage(R-D)is proposed. The function contains three parameters, which are defined as the maximum flood damageA, critical return periodRc, and integrated loss coefficientk. A basic framework for flood damage assessment was established to evaluate flood damage in the Taihu Basin under various scenarios. The simulation results were used to construct the floodR-Dfunctions. The study results show that the floodR-Dmodel based on the Gompertz function agrees well with the mutability of flood damage in the highly urbanized basin when the flood scale exceeds the defense capability. TheR-Dfunction can be utilized for timely and effective flood damage assessment and prediction. It can describe the impacts of socioeconomic development, urbanization degree, and flood control capability improvements well. The turning points of the function curve can be used as gradation criteria for rational strategy development associated with flood hazards.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-9317
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-01
    Beschreibung: Accurate and reliable state of charge (SOC) estimation is a key enabling technique for large format lithium-ion battery pack due to its vital role in battery safety and effective management. This paper tries to make three contributions to existing literatures through robust algorithms. (1) Observer based SOC estimation error model is established, where the crucial parameters on SOC estimation accuracy are determined by quantitative analysis, being a basis for parameters update. (2) The estimation method for a battery pack in which the inconsistency of cells is taken into consideration is proposed, ensuring all batteries’ SOC ranging from 0 to 1, effectively avoiding the battery overcharged/overdischarged. Online estimation of the parameters is also presented in this paper. (3) The SOC estimation accuracy of the battery pack is verified using the hardware-in-loop simulation platform. The experimental results at various dynamic test conditions, temperatures, and initial SOC difference between two cells demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-01
    Beschreibung: We study the transverse momentum spectra ofJ/ψandΥmesons by using two methods: the two-component Erlang distribution and the two-component Schwinger mechanism. The results obtained by the two methods are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of proton-proton (pp), proton-lead (p-Pb), and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions measured by the LHCb and ALICE Collaborations at the large hadron collider (LHC). The related parameters such as the mean transverse momentum contributed by each parton in the first (second) component in the two-component Erlang distribution and the string tension between two partons in the first (second) component in the two-component Schwinger mechanism are extracted.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-22
    Beschreibung: The rapidity dependent transverse momentum spectra of heavy quarkonia (J/ψ and Υ mesons) produced in small collision systems such as proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at center-of-mass energy (per nucleon pair) s (sNN) = 5-13 TeV are described by a two-component statistical model which is based on the Tsallis statistics and inverse power-law. The experimental data measured by the LHCb Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are well fitted by the model results. The related parameters are obtained and the dependence of parameters on rapidity is analyzed.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-18
    Beschreibung: What the role of each phase medium plays and how their interactions do work should be essential problems to understand dynamic behaviours of soils. In order to disclose interactions between solid, water, and air phases of soils, we applied loess samples to analyse controlling effects of residual deformation on pore pressure based on three kinds of laboratory tests. We obtained the similarity and difference of mechanical behaviors of soil samples under different water contents and loading. Both process and cause of pore air/water pressures are independent of initial stress conditions or loadings. However, absolute values of pore water pressure depend on the confining pressure, whereas the pore air pressure is contrary. The uniformity of responding process and cause of pore pressure depend upon the interaction mechanism between solid particles and air/water media, but the different absolute values depend upon the permeability and compressibility of air/water.
    Print ISSN: 1070-9622
    Digitale ISSN: 1875-9203
    Thema: Mathematik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-06-24
    Beschreibung: The impact of deep excavation to the stability of adjacent slope is evaluated based on the slip line theory. Stress field of slope under various excavation conditions is simulated by finite element method, while slip line field is determined by non-associated flow rule. Factor of safety is obtained by integrating the skid-resistance and the shear stress on each slip line, and the slip line with minimum factor of safety corresponds to the critical slip surface. Two typical displacement constraint boundaries are considered. The results indicate that the critical slip surface moves towards to the slope surface and develops downwards. The factor of safety decreases with the excavation process. For flexible displacement constraint boundary, large deformation of supporting pile causes obvious variation of critical slip surface and factor of safety. In terms of the stiff displacement constraint boundary with internal supports, deep excavation only has limited effect on the slope stability.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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